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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?0 b# g. M) k4 X3 Q5 ?$ N& N

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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。( r7 f% m+ d" e5 d2 M

5 }& z, F) `: K5 b- h! G[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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' J9 @* |& Y# \% j工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
( i' k+ Z, T- |  k$ `) N4 u国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

, u$ Q* a: ^. g& }. W# [6 z: `国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
$ W( p9 X9 Q5 A" F3 z- k6 K0 c* c我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
8 `& {$ L+ L4 S; R4 K7 R) y& t" P9 d2 P/ j$ t# |/ e
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
/ |9 P' g4 V2 d) B9 k8 Rhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。8 ]8 S" J0 P5 d2 z

2 f3 ?) K5 P0 X  ^. C" z" x5 u[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!3 |: W' s* I0 ?# Z3 A1 M& G" y
经常见到的文件有以下几种:
3 b* `* t2 R5 Y! A& i+ E5 Hspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
9 U# m) ^+ P$ ^, r; n& ?那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX3 Q$ T- A; q1 }. b, e3 M
1.0 SCOPE. 5 L! k' Q! g- z$ c- |- ]
1.1 General. , t# c3 ?9 [, `" R2 u- n6 o" W0 S8 i
1.2 Definitions. 5 R: ?( ~0 ^6 D7 D& k' ^
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
  w! _( I2 W* H6 U0 z' ]4 p, D2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
% ]* h0 @6 l8 R4 Q# M  o/ U. D8 ?3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
* H& z; L7 Z( U& w7 {  Y" U4.0 BASIC DATA.. ! u3 n/ q+ ^- N9 i( K* {3 a1 @
4.1 Design Life.
! n. w" H# d5 ?# C) [" s  J4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
# l' d+ H: ]% z5 [# @7 w5 V+ }4.3 Protection Current Density.. , j( ^9 }& m, E( U# D
4.4 Energy..
& v" g9 ~/ e! G4 z* y5 T# `1 x7 Q$ c4.5 Test Posts.
+ w. X& N) k2 M' [* `) T7 Z5 E4.6 Insulating Joint..
- d& x+ |3 h* G6 W9 R# g/ ^4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 6 h$ ]6 T9 J8 I( V
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. * X% |5 Q& T& p$ J' G3 k
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
6 P# w$ e) e* K; L$ [5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
3 V4 G6 V* p  Y7 ^- Z; X4 J; T( I5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
6 ^! ]& c! n6 v6 w5.3 Anodes. 6 t) V' g3 R+ Q0 E2 _+ B1 V1 `
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. : e: h: \/ s$ F7 q- T' Q* q
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
3 H/ X$ q8 D" w( F5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. : e: M' R1 q$ z- T( ?9 j$ c
5.7 Cables. " E8 V5 f& c9 Y0 d8 _5 _
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. ' @- q; F' Q( a
5.9 Groundbed.. - w4 J1 I1 }, X  Y+ _
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
' f: e; A# b5 n! A. l1 D% y5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
; P* }: H8 o4 T  }8 m6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
+ |# u# A5 G: w: L! L1 t# a- [7.0 INSTALLATION.. , H* w- c( l( i* [/ Y5 |9 h9 Q! e
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
8 ?! n% G, R/ i* N" z9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. / o, \& F& c) ^* t5 {  b- ~
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
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[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
2 X# C9 j8 M9 c+ |6 D- O3 r& h[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
, g4 P7 C% Q9 K' W; A( XSECTION 08710, D/ ~4 u& f+ o$ U# N7 s
FINISH HARDWARE
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NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier- w; e  u! G: x7 M
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.+ i; e, V# O" y" f! L
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.# V* |9 ~+ G1 U2 A- A9 |
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.3 L( X1 l" \# B: h& k. h
#$: ~, n( V' t+ e4 Y0 K1 U1 C4 V
PART 1 -- GENERAL
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
3 ?1 o# j, T; c: t& M) c  ?A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
) d' U. t7 b  s3 o: U8 Eand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated2 L9 z& A! ^, J1 N; Y* D; D
on the Drawings and specified herein.' T/ o3 b/ M4 V) T
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1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE: v# O! ]$ u8 A2 O
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.9 Y% Y: R) `3 @4 B4 V& v3 G
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
! y* e4 i. D. _* C+ H  m; \C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
/ m9 q9 [$ J* M3 l* iD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.; s' m; X" Q$ K, W9 t2 f
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
8 O% G8 P  v( G; S1 e3 JF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.9 E  [- Q! U: L8 l6 @% c
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.% V* Y+ n. h" E' t6 o8 l$ `- Q
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.. h4 y1 c! t. a6 O6 N1 c
+ t6 ^1 J7 i, T- `
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
# }: a9 d) ]- e5 A9 Y: r$ t2 R1 nA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.  f2 |6 G" ~7 Z6 `1 S/ z
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.4 ?$ Q1 @) l4 v# A7 U
1. Commercial Standards:
1 M& h+ A! g) J, x" ]! f' n0 N. VUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.7 }0 i/ |$ D1 p- n; j8 o) B0 }
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware8 n# Z( B- a! ^; V# B  X3 e
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
2 e- ^! n3 W+ F. p% gScheduling and Format.7 w4 D- F" y9 z% O
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
% F" T4 P1 s) K# L" l2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware" A3 o8 R# c# \* `/ W* s% H
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published, b" N3 m! ~/ F  R7 ^2 }2 {
recommendations and specifications.4 F( u- s/ l2 M1 U  G

& {" }9 y) h% z( A3 R3 |$ t7 g1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS  K4 S+ P1 M+ s* [) J' H/ g  r! V
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
* o# n1 A  E% ^" ]6 nB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
3 K; |$ ?5 n3 a/ @9 }) l. |5 x1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
: u& A; l0 P$ K! ^4 Thardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.' d. i" I5 L( V6 `8 R9 o
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed2 Z8 x+ A' l0 B# g4 m5 Y
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
3 n. t+ A6 B6 s1 C# A% I. d' M; aNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
% g3 o: j+ m! z% [( PENGINEER.4 c" F2 T$ H1 u( ~" s3 s& `
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
/ f$ P- e' j0 q% K3 U5 g2 }numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
7 n. Q3 F: S3 ^and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and3 y' v' Y/ w: r! p, B
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.* i+ ?  G6 s6 ^2 O
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,6 Z& H$ V+ O+ R, Q) S* A+ u: t
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural2 x  }9 e# [- R, @
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".% W  h1 Q' K; _) {1 p* E$ t7 Y# ]" p
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and% s, g/ e( E, e' c- D8 w' Y
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.) G1 \4 {1 z/ S9 j  H! j
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
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; l5 Z# N9 t; Y6 a4 ^1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
* T/ Q$ P; c' sA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
- _$ c1 C7 h3 v. \7 x5 c* E0 windicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
4 x: o. X) _, j$ R$ j( }specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.1 d* _# B, }# M/ Z9 L- t7 ^
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
6 G5 y1 G2 p% R& r5 j. [made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility& T. J5 L  j5 P5 x
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate9 o: i- k/ C* A, z1 H5 p4 K
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
/ O6 N3 B7 `" E" \+ c4 H! h0 G5 t, M1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING% I/ z4 T9 ?2 x7 y( a
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
0 x4 |* s+ ]7 ^9 ~5 U! OB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings4 X/ V" p9 X" @# ?8 _* F
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its( |2 i( w: d6 `3 w: w
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from1 _6 U) k* y2 ^5 k# Y  S
the reviewed hardware list.$ A9 X$ @: r+ G4 ]% p
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER. @9 r8 K2 Q. s& \
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS" c3 i& ?& N8 i! P& L
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2.1 GENERAL5 ^" r# G2 K0 w% q8 k5 E) H( F
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of8 D8 b9 N6 e+ Y3 l* A! p
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and' O3 L2 x) v- y$ h9 S8 o2 v" ?
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is+ t$ r0 D# h9 M" o% N: W
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
( C  e# Y$ I! A2 `/ _' HB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for& Q! \! d: `+ t, @) U! Z. u1 d5 k  [! _
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.
$ u+ i* V8 I0 ]+ f; ^C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require: ^9 }" n0 L, n6 Z- B
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be0 v+ M% A2 Z  C
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
4 q% U& F  m, }$ Wconformance with specified requirements.
# t( o# E9 k  U  N; _3 V6 \D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,  K) c, k1 F2 X* _" a4 k! Y2 `
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
: [. D' F" \! y8 f  e
8 e  c4 Q" U% h; H! I& \2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
4 O+ w  i  i5 k& h/ wA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel( Q% k7 I4 A* N. z! D
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
( R8 ^# z9 p& M8 c7 \& jB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and; R" s' z" ]9 f
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.; d& o& s0 q6 x! r  ]# [) y! h1 C
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
1 v7 ]5 a: B: B! K1 d. m4 FLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
' s; C# ^$ N& v# l2 e; ]* |, Z9 @D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,0 V- y; B" g# n7 `) q$ L
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
2 `  [4 J: O% C, i0 L0 S1 n: k3 ]E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
. P8 I" v% Z# m, p/ zlatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type  t' V& V' K+ ?
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.8 N8 _8 l! n: a& [0 z
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
9 w% Y* g$ H7 O5 d  Gdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
' h$ }8 m3 c7 y& b& G; s/ A: ~hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.  M4 b- l# r. @) P1 ]; ^: v
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of7 }: j$ d% i) f% P) [- o: L6 j
doors.
: N7 ]; K/ \( @+ }  O% t9 qH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
$ |. k( a; {" g' g2 k1 r180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.8 z$ h1 `3 ~( _* A7 ]; O
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.# H; f4 u" X/ c
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
1 D0 B- D9 w+ c. p3 E, _# Z) u& e3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.; S4 q; S5 A4 l( L% A" _9 v6 w
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
" ~/ ?4 }' ~( l8 {3 vconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.7 u$ K* _4 E9 U+ `, O5 G
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
- }% J* _* e0 J4 G0 Tinches high x door width less 1-inch.
' ~" G$ Y9 ?: u  }8 G. q, G% }+ PK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-) ]* M! }8 ^; h
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
6 a5 l+ ^, @4 G7 vL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control* M& r9 N! v6 }) G4 @; a1 ^
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
/ p' G2 Q$ {; Q, VListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal7 {- X. `* L( W1 A/ V
doors.
9 v7 U. ]$ c8 f% l, m3 M9 v* L7 H
* Q5 D: f5 |. x7 E1 H2.3 FINISHES9 ~) \( L3 [0 F9 Q6 _5 I/ X
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
( \6 ]/ ^2 V; I* W* FManufacturer's Association".
4 M* m  u6 V0 E3 ^1 ~1. 600 - Prime Coat
  _8 R' I# k2 g# [2. 626 - Dull Chromium
3 [$ ~; J9 t: ]  h  H2 e, A! M3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel! w9 h& o" Y7 Y) u
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel* x; k. S( q" K% G, Y; O0 g
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
. _. C0 I" H* _9 J' r2 X4 i  ]9 ^- lC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
( U" m0 X' X. x8 B' W1 C: mD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
  N* Z- _+ V% VE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
) ^' A- x  B' n: z* DF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.! D5 C* l8 y9 y1 x
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
2 R. Z. L" S+ t. d$ m/ `+ S
4 J+ A& i) s) [; A& C# X0 C' q$ j. J2.4 KEYING
/ n( H& l+ _* E5 H( J/ |8 _A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
/ `0 u: x# \  u7 i& z. Tdetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the' q% o- |% J" Z  c
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective) ]) f1 {' D8 `
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the" E0 R* C4 m, c1 |/ {3 P+ W6 r' @
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
( O/ ]1 ^& R7 `, M# m1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond4 W# N) I7 S0 j/ Y; |% q$ O
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.5 `; Y3 M  Q% J5 j. n2 y, p% u
B. Keys:
7 r+ c! r/ i. v1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
+ h( J; m% [# g. d6 f' c: g"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
! Q. ?. J9 B+ ?3 d. }$ `. t2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
, p0 p5 A: l* s! edifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.5 k7 B5 l* D; N4 v6 h) T% m$ u- q
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
$ @  y' P' \0 w7 Y* ~+ ~5 c) vRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and0 l# @, e, k& h* b
identified by door locations.
7 O! N3 n% A( o' Y; Q5 f" g4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
- I# f4 X/ g2 O7 i, ]the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock2 n# C) F5 D. `$ ^
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.7 u2 o! S2 Y3 Z$ {. Y

0 X! L7 L" g/ ~& i7 [) j' c, h2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE8 s. N' B0 V- L' t$ X4 a2 Q* T
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the7 i' I8 X+ R: U0 N$ k+ f/ M- L
following hardware or their equal:( G3 l& f" _/ [. F! ]
$#
& t0 C9 O' C. NNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
5 |( Q% r2 X1 y5 Napplicable to this project.* V$ h' E0 s+ E3 D
#$
. v6 A2 F" [( b0 l. j8 a/ y0 \, _6 @. Z; v
2.6 TEMPLATES) r  v# I/ e7 I, O
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
8 Z  X2 A" g6 r3 L  Y8 X6 s  \physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
9 w% j2 f; Z: T# f% k% A3 E* O: L" R
PART 3 -- EXECUTION8 ~. ?/ ^' T! q/ n6 B; f

9 Q7 O) S' N: P4 e8 T3.1 GENERAL
! C" s$ C8 n" QA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
. e+ F2 p/ M5 y( x8 I( `+ l" Pcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project., h' K$ r- h8 J6 O' O
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
4 V3 i' [! w3 K7 m0 `0 yshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
8 B: y  X8 g' e; H7 kdoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.! K6 y6 \( b7 U( }3 b& @+ {
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall5 p7 O+ f" `( Q; d6 f
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.& ]1 F" P; A! K% K( \% Q
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other( _  K) o0 P  F, C. E$ a0 y4 i7 @' d& H
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and# w, o: H3 ?5 X; G
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
8 V7 V! u" c, g- o  m; X2 K( q% xacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.4 u& e2 C) ~, W
, a2 |! y6 M7 }9 d9 U
3.2 INSTALLATION* t' s0 s4 T$ L  h5 `; n3 f3 j
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.$ i3 a0 C7 f" k: g, k
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
( h  M+ Q4 a" q/ Pproper operation.6 t4 U$ d3 U6 S# o# @
C. Make work neat and secure.
1 \# d! B6 E0 X) cD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
  R* ~9 O. u4 t* p, Y. cinstallation.+ }. Q0 l4 H) p7 o( s' x
E. Latchbolts:- F7 F+ t* z3 _+ B- d" {& @) e, C
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.: B5 ]6 A2 X! u. u  N% u
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
% c3 @( D+ a& _9 f( ~F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
6 Q* c  ^8 J  e5 f: l# o, ~. _: ZG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
. a5 q( t8 M+ |7 p) ~. c3 b! fH. Thresholds:: k0 ]7 X: z& X- N
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
7 |0 B6 m8 o. V  J4 X2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.6 v5 k: O  B4 l' e5 I0 f
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation., z2 F7 f9 C% c8 u/ Y5 ^
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
2 r. C6 X0 ]/ b
( G! W. P2 ?, P9 M) a( Q0 O4 s3.3 PROTECTION
/ q" ^# i8 f% Y: ~6 P. BA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial, ^" [" y1 n6 i/ e% I
completion.
' U: B# Y% }1 X% |B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.6 \0 {4 q$ d! V8 w5 \
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's, `4 ^, Z  M" `" v6 h$ A
recommendations.
) ]. P5 s& e2 k9 X; xD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
% M* m, i( g* D  X: L" j6 E  \5 }* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,2 z  O! }) g7 I7 T$ [5 C1 B
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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