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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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1#
发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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" b. k! K2 ?1 @9 `; m! j此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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/ t& V0 r1 h! n/ c8 Q[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

3#
发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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4#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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$ d; c0 A' \" m, W工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
: z' w' L4 y+ r8 U/ |1 ^' j国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
6#
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。7 @, H# b- v- U
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。1 h' K" }: \$ \
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:" X: W( Q) I# \# L3 q2 T3 q  c
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
8#
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。( N1 u& \1 P* ]) b  A6 `" ?" j
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。0 D8 P3 Y. [% J

- k, }2 G+ b+ l! J[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
10#
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
  }& E$ V+ E4 E; s7 j& t$ n经常见到的文件有以下几种:
$ b) v6 r( W- |3 d; P+ |, o* _specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
( {+ y7 y! F  r& i& ~1 G那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!+ f  v6 s* P$ @, _
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!! [2 A; Y( o) ^, `$ e5 ~

( K& Y% g- l# v0 v9 WINDEX
1 l" e7 c4 v9 }& A8 Q2 X1.0 SCOPE. " J( _# g& ~" C( U- g
1.1 General.
& K; I( I1 t/ y4 P8 S7 A. t7 ~4 a1.2 Definitions.
0 p' e- y7 `3 @+ v5 w2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
" B( J/ }$ l0 }3 J6 R* q2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
/ b+ t# U+ _% ~7 \+ d3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. # B8 t; P- H( ?9 ?! p
4.0 BASIC DATA.. " C6 u9 d4 q, n# T$ A+ N
4.1 Design Life.
) L4 Z8 W: e2 y4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
/ \" _7 E( Y- O" i: H$ Z4.3 Protection Current Density..
9 V) I' y3 F* I4.4 Energy.. ; @8 D* U: f# t0 N& q+ y/ P
4.5 Test Posts. & K6 f7 i# F: F5 v9 N
4.6 Insulating Joint.. 7 n/ T7 j* O3 ^! g2 {/ \/ M
4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 6 L3 A3 H( o8 }9 r4 N5 q/ k- A. M; y0 u
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. , T. G2 I7 v) D1 d! Q) {
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. ' L; }& Q' \( B5 _! |
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. ; Q- D" _2 s1 j- l5 G, y
5.2 Transformer Rectifier..   F5 t; G0 B% \8 p
5.3 Anodes.
) ^1 D1 d# d4 I- W5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
, x* ~, a9 p% s. c, [1 x6 |5.5 Anode Junction Box..
( @, B: k0 Y. x* u( t" b4 M  u7 i5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
9 _6 o6 t' N( E5.7 Cables. & x2 z0 O6 I& _# {+ D
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
7 q1 v3 h* A& K5.9 Groundbed..
6 h9 r1 G+ a% K0 T5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
. m# x. j' E3 a$ R5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... ' q4 p* u( P) y# X! ^& l. r
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... 6 Z; A! j1 s1 ^9 C4 O
7.0 INSTALLATION..
% l) J: _& P$ T" C4 _: s6 d# j8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
' S+ Z+ k/ P$ t( h9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 5 Z0 b8 y0 V: h9 Z& r
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
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9 s8 E$ z: W# x6 {; k6 ][ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
11#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD; c% X. C: D# M$ D
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1- j7 A1 \7 T: _4 H% p' L0 z
SECTION 08710" V% @7 S0 N3 B, C% t
FINISH HARDWARE
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5 G0 n- a( _* m/ b9 V- JNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
9 I) n. l2 Y( e% ois required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
* s% T. \. v- j; ?" w, VBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
0 t. K) Z. [, n1 N9 E+ I) y" QNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.1 S3 Q4 V+ q( b- p( M
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/ j1 |* _+ S. Y/ qPART 1 -- GENERAL2 m3 i, U- |5 U0 c* C
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
& \% R4 L3 ]* j  x) Q7 s( `9 oA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,$ q( \2 _! B& c; C7 ~
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated, p: g7 E' r+ S
on the Drawings and specified herein.7 ?5 c9 E% k, \3 ?& _

. l7 x0 ^" b% C+ E: U3 r1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
/ r( S& [( \; j: tA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
6 M5 ]) l# n# c; QB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.& ]  ]* N9 @/ _" n9 q$ V: p$ l
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.0 B% s* g$ |* v" O- D, r% p2 x5 i( _
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
" W/ f( L) u  I( ME. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.: m, `6 J" m0 O
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
" v2 M( Z2 M( VG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.7 q8 u& ~; W  D$ {5 V* B
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.& h. r, c2 E! ~) a6 d* G
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS9 E$ t4 q6 }8 V- Q- E- P) s+ b, u
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.; ~9 m! e2 j; ?- s2 [' e
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.. ~, N0 x1 J% T/ d
1. Commercial Standards:
% A' _. i5 X$ B* D* T5 o- VUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals." p: q- S+ N9 V/ k1 \( G- b
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware3 }# o' J7 I: m$ Y! M' G5 ]4 L
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
& v. Y% I8 a8 fScheduling and Format.& H/ I( s# I6 \) x- g
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association- d4 E% U/ \; ?) o- D2 t  t6 L# I
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
! b0 t3 e3 y8 _3 H. l( ^' M+ cand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
" ~( L6 P3 f  h- {, r3 w; Wrecommendations and specifications.( t" A6 }) A6 h. r

( @- K- O+ U( M* [' J& i+ f1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
# O/ K% d. c$ `7 D# V0 a8 aA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
3 v) c3 q% I% F0 S# ]B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.- W* w, S! u+ ~4 R2 H/ f
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the6 y9 c9 m  k/ Y3 H! t
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
7 {" e' T: M, P7 {4 l$ m; N2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
0 a1 B- T, ~! h( D# {8 |- l$ Whardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.1 R$ V- I# F  R6 ^( o
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the1 `. D/ k* z1 C+ Q3 i! J/ E) }
ENGINEER.
; w. h2 v: J& M: z, G" o3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series3 d+ @. n6 p  y& v/ b
numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
$ ~: P4 T5 G. [$ Y% y% x. uand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
7 w( i0 P( @% D, A- J/ Z. Z  q0 Nall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements." m# X7 s9 ^, o8 o
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,; r1 x" H' ~* B! b% h& B/ \6 m
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
  m' p% i: V/ THardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".0 B% v' N+ u4 G0 Q% L6 f9 n  p1 O
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
2 H! M3 x4 Z, z6 N, k2 I) @data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.  K: P2 s4 R1 D0 K- k, s
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.$ r% p& y0 O& W6 C, I0 E; `$ N
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1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
/ m/ n5 l- t" m8 p) Z  N! xA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
6 ?# O' w; |$ J/ z. kindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
( G8 s1 A1 Q( c# xspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
9 Q5 `6 A( j, iSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
( j2 q9 v( k( F; g  ?made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
8 C' C% x* C/ _( ]  j. hto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate6 ]$ R) }* c6 O' \
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
1 l# g" f' |- y1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
) o5 s( X, Z/ g3 z* t9 h2 UA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.7 d7 Q" ~. |/ i2 i6 a- Y/ j
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings+ ?. f  k6 Q; m. K1 a/ P+ C
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
$ D$ E& q& H  `& o0 hcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from1 }# l: K# r' F: ?4 i- J
the reviewed hardware list.
/ R+ q' g# [8 MC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER2 {* h' z( N9 L7 v- x3 R7 K
to prevent loss or damage until installation., R# S& f4 `6 ?
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
12#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS% o5 h2 ?& k: E9 S5 i/ U$ `* R* E

* U$ r/ Y+ i- R. u. T; A1 v2 M% U9 g2.1 GENERAL
) |0 B# ?/ E! Y0 M9 w5 LA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of6 {+ c6 Z5 f2 q) a% u9 K+ r; }
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
1 U8 y  i% d- u, ofunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
1 d' R' w+ q3 z. |; yfully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
7 h# G9 i0 n. D3 XB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
( b7 q2 Y5 t+ F3 v2 Wappearance, maintenance, and replacement.
% K( H4 ]/ s! d" T+ N3 A) lC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require6 i: f2 D) Y, F. d
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be6 s8 ^) {5 }$ E
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in; }2 O$ g, P3 y4 L
conformance with specified requirements.
* t5 i0 E% n8 @, l5 u5 \7 d3 y: pD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions," k; W* z& i; Y% P5 R, I* {4 S) Y& c
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.# D0 {8 m1 \- J( O6 D& C

% r5 l# c& D; Q2 C/ d. @2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
7 s0 l) v, u6 }7 |1 zA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
, u8 `8 A+ y& p; fmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
- Z4 }" |5 @, u, LB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
( R5 W  F8 B7 @6 P* Z9 qcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
1 y4 _" U) A" O) K" [; U- v; JC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.2 L% [* X: `* B1 [% P- L% Y0 s
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.' v4 _% |: f# K
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,% T& e3 q- n( y4 z8 p2 Z# e
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.6 f  {. P5 \, B1 t
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
3 m% A7 B7 U& t) N' Dlatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
$ _0 c% S  O" J; V7 i$ Twith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
. Q% i' I8 @/ j( cF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a, e* u( a& n" C! M7 ~2 b
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in& n" K" g& \4 m
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.5 n+ v2 ?! c- `* |' n* s. {
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of1 N- s, \7 K/ E/ F  o% C' E) a
doors.
0 _' y5 X, m! `! B; {6 N" B" F: {% @H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
+ n. V' {, {) F8 m180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.! w! @3 o3 q$ n2 D# @: ^
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.2 {5 r! O: e/ B. a1 C% O
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
' _6 v) B! l2 i* l( K: f: l3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
) J1 H  Y4 r' c; X2 l! P0 G+ _I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary5 C- `' ?' `! q0 o  T, v" k4 J/ C
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
9 c/ {& h% ~/ S5 ^8 F' |J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
$ C  |( B. m/ X8 w$ |  k% Uinches high x door width less 1-inch.: S$ B; y4 c; z. P' @  j
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
7 D3 r* {' ?' l# z  Q2 J1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
6 k3 c! ]& U+ ~" D7 z& @L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control( S3 ~# T6 l  j9 i
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)* M. D0 o& }, ^9 T8 `! j
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
7 S' F9 I% c6 ]$ _doors.
; `8 _: k! H5 _& |6 p, ^4 ~2 O$ N7 C
2.3 FINISHES
/ T$ A; q7 K# m" yA. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
7 K9 P' J, m& ^Manufacturer's Association".8 j6 r: i/ k8 k) r9 R* V+ w$ Z
1. 600 - Prime Coat
6 t$ \5 K9 N; E$ }+ L2. 626 - Dull Chromium
9 P7 ?+ t8 n, W( [3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
# A* L" k9 E* m: U4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
$ v  N" B& v  W3 gB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.$ A. l' e- q* r0 L/ O
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.9 W" I) `. X) B4 g
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
4 H: Q/ V! O0 a3 Z" rE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
$ a/ a/ a, V; v4 [F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.! n) C* F& v7 i6 s: c
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.: _7 @" V' {! n: V+ c
+ C3 [0 \% X5 j8 p) t0 [
2.4 KEYING
: f5 E) T  p; b5 _/ P# S; }A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be7 I  Y4 e$ ~: ?& N7 v% X
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the& }+ h9 h+ X' }4 `4 ]2 [4 K$ n
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective0 X. N6 ]  U  k3 Q
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
* |( C$ U/ ^2 E6 {  T1 ehands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.0 [& D* X& z5 j
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond2 f& x4 S0 n( T  }7 Q2 f
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.+ k9 S5 _) U, p4 L& J* }9 U6 S5 d
B. Keys:/ B9 c; f# Q+ ]% V
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side- {5 o  ]1 j8 Q9 I
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
8 z" L% W6 P8 B" n2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed! G& e8 v/ N( I' |9 R- K
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
) C* t* U5 k" z2 c3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
' w$ r4 H& G- R6 TRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and+ c3 R4 p. W2 ?8 C
identified by door locations.3 d! M  u; p- @: a; \
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
. o8 O, ~2 {2 Jthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock; Q5 L) z8 d; I& V5 B' Y" L2 T
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
4 z" V1 N- J! X: u+ c) H) Q0 }2 l( f" B) r+ `# E
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
. l" |( E/ c) O( Y: x* C8 ~0 Q0 [A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the& y: c4 C3 d6 \; C
following hardware or their equal:$ F, ~5 I9 ^& L7 K) E* b; x
$#
3 b# ~6 k& y4 i$ y# {) Q& q8 UNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware* D& g- t' g9 n/ C0 ]+ l0 D% r( t- Q
applicable to this project.
% |, L% c+ J0 J1 U- C5 H( ~6 o#$
0 ]+ }0 G, b6 c( @, j9 o/ c9 S# ?6 N( m; q
2.6 TEMPLATES; B1 m% w3 c) B- c
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
: ^9 w4 }$ g7 `0 Yphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.% v+ ~% ?1 ?/ v2 N# U0 _' t" f" r# X3 x

9 o' M' V$ t. O& U8 o" z# APART 3 -- EXECUTION
; w- H! h0 N# `+ z' p  W
+ x4 u9 [  a- ]4 ]9 G3.1 GENERAL
0 g. d& `5 N6 W9 E2 U0 oA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock8 j" [% t# u2 e
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.8 [& Z4 p# P+ [' b( R
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
$ z! T1 B; B9 Sshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that, `, W/ j+ |8 z6 X- G/ x- n
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.: {3 g# q, Y6 ^  K9 }( L8 V
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
3 W+ F0 C& \1 }/ g* ^+ L; P* Mreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.# O  W' A% k6 |0 P
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
; O, A# a, y) Z8 M: Y3 l+ Asoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
, R) m. {) B& }& t5 o5 f) K5 xother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and. B, z* J+ Z/ U9 l" S
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.4 K* t8 n& N- w- F+ W
  T) R8 a' q0 R) ^
3.2 INSTALLATION* _6 C7 D+ g/ c* S
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
) D1 o+ ]* E, n" R/ {5 cB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
+ ?, a* n) H& X/ ^8 r5 _! Tproper operation.
! @4 A+ L4 [. A/ y! {; WC. Make work neat and secure.
, h' ]' P+ R, S+ R: Q: R; z/ eD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
) f4 [& M$ x/ h- G! r' V/ j  Ninstallation.* a+ K9 z" C5 k6 [. [1 \# M
E. Latchbolts:& q5 r( |. N% Y
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.5 z, A% J( h: f9 @7 d! a; i
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.  ~3 f2 i2 y9 Q% {) j) j8 Q% j
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.0 ^# S# b3 l5 ^' R
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
. b! c1 @/ t+ G% T$ dH. Thresholds:
- K) g! E. o& `7 J$ l" o1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.* ~3 e) ?$ R' z1 T
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs., e4 h% V8 J7 o- x
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation., p) W( v6 ^) X4 |8 f
J. Replace damaged hardware items.1 I: z! v: H* S9 C5 }9 K/ Y

5 G4 O9 q  V* n* V; r5 D3.3 PROTECTION# d1 t9 J: F9 g4 B2 b
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial  ^$ p9 d  D3 v1 Q5 R& @, l1 l9 P
completion.0 G" }1 a/ k1 q1 ]& \" h0 u
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
' g5 o+ l8 T0 ~( l7 yC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
2 W" I% P& D9 H5 ?/ lrecommendations.
7 \$ A1 V+ q( @6 ?% qD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.$ h5 F! z9 g# l  N9 v. o% P, q
* * * * * *
13#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
14#
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
15#
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
16#
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
17#
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 只看该作者 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
18#
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
19#
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,; O3 U! s# x# y: ~# E  E" i( `2 [
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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