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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
* w0 m0 H7 \9 f$ X
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  ~+ w/ H( F" z据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。& F, L: n& e0 \, O; O% N  t
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。/ k5 [$ k. E1 ~, V; j
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
! @+ ]' N% q! ]3 @3 |
2 k& Z3 u* y1 e工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
. y5 V" v' r6 u3 _( m  |7 Z国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

- i' d% U4 D2 u9 F国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。) \+ Q  k: l' p" S) g
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。- u& G. s  Z  x. R0 a+ B& z
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
7 o8 d- @# d% [$ a6 Xhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。; G& Q8 d- e9 T: q$ u

; B6 j9 s) k  n. O- e) p1 I工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。0 e! p1 y8 i& z: A; S2 [2 W

6 x4 o. D8 q, E" C, {+ `[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
& s: G9 X8 E7 g# N- N经常见到的文件有以下几种:
# N- b( \/ \9 k8 [4 X" ~7 h, hspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
* H/ v3 h3 Z' {! \那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!8 j6 x/ r; N& \2 n1 q

# G3 o" Z6 w5 U7 Q) g+ {# J下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
2 J8 a' f1 M% k, E2 V* G
5 ^% v( E2 T: W1 Y0 IINDEX3 U" h$ y8 y! y
1.0 SCOPE.
+ ^+ x2 v" h6 C$ P& k5 \1.1 General.
/ d" K8 v2 P# W5 m" X* U1.2 Definitions. : v$ a! `. G5 g
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 0 |( ?! D( g' l( v
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
6 U) z. J2 @- P: s3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 6 j4 m3 ~8 d. p9 g4 N! [$ C9 y
4.0 BASIC DATA..
- Y* Y$ d6 `! n7 P! m4.1 Design Life.
2 E% D9 L. u( I4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
$ I& R- A0 E1 _% q3 X" z4 ]6 q! r4.3 Protection Current Density.. 9 }; K! F! k: e
4.4 Energy..
9 X6 t+ i: N$ t4.5 Test Posts. : D- P! M8 R5 Z! m% F* g8 c
4.6 Insulating Joint..
& N- ]; g, Y- _4 c! J4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 6 s! d* f1 J0 ^2 r/ @+ }
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
/ K: t2 `1 A( E! P6 ]/ w8 h" P5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. 3 z! l/ t4 J. l6 q( [! D. @+ N3 O
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. 1 y, r  {$ w% N( n2 e5 M: Y
5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. / C6 U- _4 _) _7 P
5.3 Anodes. ! {3 F  l9 P0 v5 [  A5 g
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. ' K" {1 k$ t$ U1 R+ }+ z* d1 |
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
( ?: \; N! x- s- }4 [5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
  l4 e' J4 C: x* |5.7 Cables.
1 M3 ]7 S/ p# [- r. K5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
" S0 M6 _, S$ U8 h- b5.9 Groundbed.. . }2 U) I6 h% Q0 V/ z/ j
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... 5 @2 {9 ~- V6 b% m/ H
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
! Z; ?6 R* V9 ?; L6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... , N. |3 I1 y8 @: j3 J' X) m
7.0 INSTALLATION..
9 c$ r$ F5 p+ `% N2 ^; T/ l8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
4 Y; Q  O; R; G3 c  _& |9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. / c0 n- j: f; X4 o
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
% N  s4 O; {! {! R' {% o' g9 C) T1 o0 e0 k# p
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
- Q) K' N5 U6 K: B) I! _( f6 \* g[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1) L- l8 @/ c! Y+ L3 u& G- E' J
SECTION 08710! f, \7 @8 E8 u7 z
FINISH HARDWARE
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1 ~/ O, b: [& `NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier% H: |8 s7 A; a4 r! I  D
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
! _; \! @$ }0 N+ i1 w" JBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.# _( f) O5 V; u) ~# i, v; I
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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PART 1 -- GENERAL1 {: [: M0 B" \, R: t
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT% F" n  w- n: t' J' d
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,# e! X) E; `$ e
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
% H/ ^; \  j! S) h; c- `" Hon the Drawings and specified herein.7 ^5 [5 i7 [3 l3 U- S
- S! ^3 Y3 A2 R! A) _* q
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE" P. c5 X/ h5 w3 K: t
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
9 |4 D) X+ [3 u+ U" W; Z2 W. [% U& BB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
  j% L/ Y" ^# v# D# v/ ~C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.: h: O0 k; M, T% f
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.( B- [# }) G1 \% k
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
, C) V) W+ X( a4 T) z6 y% E4 {" ^F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.( E$ a2 I7 _9 Z5 o9 \0 I5 u6 A
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
, b% w, {9 p4 _6 k* E5 Y- PH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.5 w" g/ Q) ^0 g3 T+ G% N

1 a$ s" C1 Q" N' G( [+ {1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
. Y. J+ F: B' [; d8 IA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
2 g1 d3 b* U9 O4 }( NB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards." V9 K$ M8 |: j; q6 J3 K2 e. q
1. Commercial Standards:: \) t1 k0 j+ b' M+ l! H
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
7 B$ a: z$ H! E! i6 P8 I7 nHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware; M( Y8 A  ~. n6 H: g( j; m
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
7 l) X! y" r* O# [& s2 E2 ?) UScheduling and Format.
$ t0 E( l7 V; Q+ p3 sBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
* v  q" z4 A8 w2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware' K$ k0 H8 Z! D' |+ m; m6 h' R
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
& i6 M- S' k# L. N& E- c( lrecommendations and specifications.# p5 u7 ^0 G' o$ ]% Z* b  a

8 p" m- s( g/ u8 m; _1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
1 K- ?  _- m( G& M8 f* b" }A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.6 O4 l& r/ A- r7 E
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
  o; |. A+ P& C' G0 B6 x1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
4 L9 [' q% O1 s, Qhardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
! _: q5 F+ C6 X' a2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed0 a' [$ L/ J; A- Q- d3 L
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
% W! q! e3 m0 g  sNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
: t# Y/ D. D2 l& d# C* B* V/ e! v0 XENGINEER.) X( m' l, p" {! g0 Z. a5 R6 Z
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series7 k2 H5 ^; o0 r& V
numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,& C3 I+ r) ~4 V) f6 ], z
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
& c5 t* S, s9 t7 t4 M$ K+ `" [9 lall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.* C/ J' w" O) b  |; W8 m* p( x
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,4 T* a5 V$ k7 ]" q8 `4 u% v
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
3 ]3 Y- G% w2 XHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format"./ T3 U: l6 P" V% g+ l
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and) Y. P3 J4 D& L) H3 o2 N8 y* N
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.0 f. @* L" |. H7 M' E7 j
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.9 Q' O8 `) ]0 O5 \% k
7 F# g6 d3 [& D1 M0 _( S
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE& ^# m* T2 U7 k. {
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of! q/ C4 V% {0 ]0 @* i* l
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
2 @, y' |) {) {  Y$ u7 z6 t( H& Gspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.; C; E7 P! o* q- Q
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
! E+ j& K1 s/ g- |0 {2 f# Y2 tmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
7 @3 U2 A" B+ @! D8 E6 V) k! W5 c3 ]to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate/ f3 L- [& c) Z# B
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.5 b. J5 T' g8 i4 B& n
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING6 D3 m7 h1 r; t" I1 B
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite., z' }" g# X7 T. C# m8 H+ m
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings6 d- ~+ I6 g1 _$ Q7 |& V
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
; e- r3 f1 K+ Y" |contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from: y9 D" g7 w: \% ]4 c4 v. @
the reviewed hardware list.
2 O) K* x& n5 \. FC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER+ u. K5 r5 p. x- j8 q8 P6 C' j
to prevent loss or damage until installation., I/ ^( v8 [8 X; @
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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2.1 GENERAL% n) ?+ L! [# x4 Q& U) F
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
: R0 M, a* v$ \: f" Cindicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and- A! O+ A+ J6 \' E0 F
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
. d8 H5 N8 u2 U- wfully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
- h* {  }; J' L& x  |7 R( I1 VB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for' t* t& a* ]& s% @5 V
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.
* V% D0 ^' l  }, ~2 `+ \5 CC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
2 m  B) W# c( t( `submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be# u& T" W2 f4 w* I
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in9 t1 U, I( Y: F. b0 z  I# Z
conformance with specified requirements.2 D0 S2 |' n, x/ L8 A! |% p, G9 [
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
0 t+ E! C* z9 M4 Vcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
, T3 C! |, W4 I" C1 V3 d
# d- R' \4 p4 j. {2.2 PRODUCT TYPES2 q2 ]+ u- ~- a" U6 O
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
9 C% z# n% D% @4 z+ w; o, S& \mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.! [- K7 w" T9 t
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and0 P% m0 }+ Q6 L+ P) M# ^6 _
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.  h$ M* Q3 B9 y; P
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.- m( L0 t; G6 c$ D
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
4 |) y) y* x* ~& ]6 JD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,- N5 D# W; ]  z- ~2 g
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.  g4 D. |7 V6 W
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,' ?( e4 e' |5 \, ]: p; I8 `
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
4 j5 N1 u  \1 S# ?5 ]2 Z; J7 S* Y7 twith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.5 x2 t7 A6 t6 a' c8 y
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a" y/ }5 W4 h: q9 p- x- L4 }
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
6 b* y& w: |+ v& X5 M" mhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.! u  F4 v' H8 @  b) |( {
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of. L- W0 |% l! o' c8 u/ @0 E
doors.
7 d8 O* s. O% [% F* ]3 F4 v3 m6 ^H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
1 S. |, x4 J- Y( l) p# ~7 n180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
( B7 K) a) ?: A2 l" d6 l, U1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
. I& ^& l7 m8 f2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.9 R% [- A5 R2 A0 {3 `8 `3 H9 ^
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.6 j$ o: q7 x6 `; Q4 Z+ e
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary  j% n$ L) Z) N3 b/ [4 T/ e# t
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
8 S' l  B+ \& u& TJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-: M7 o! |8 R! q
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
' r2 z' y+ z$ p1 Q6 fK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-+ U! A0 e$ T# r, M* h6 Q
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.2 I. r2 x& f8 L( n6 ]
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
+ Z" S7 y. V5 t1 cknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
) i* f( S: {, q7 MListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal! p" C$ R- e8 |  l- |$ Q
doors.
0 X/ }. J4 i6 Q' R& c5 z8 t6 M% B  r
- E: y7 N' c- ]% F# b, x2.3 FINISHES% w- D( [6 a3 ^3 m
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware1 h+ O  _) d6 ^, h/ T) v: E  _
Manufacturer's Association".
% T# R; f7 e$ i5 X+ Y1. 600 - Prime Coat
& [4 B2 T# H( L; |2. 626 - Dull Chromium
5 w. }# @. d1 m3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel+ h) ?) J# A! D5 _
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel1 F3 b0 h7 Q6 i4 ~3 K- v+ B7 A- d$ x
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.& U' q& e* Q/ p/ Q
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.+ ?- L- {$ N) t$ a6 K
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish5 I; u" f; l8 Z: |# Z( C8 o  |
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.( w+ E2 W& c2 M0 H/ q# |+ t
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.5 }6 ?, S- ?$ a0 S8 X2 k5 y
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.1 D3 ^6 J2 O5 P% Y5 X
& U% K1 o4 B, N/ \. G' i* I, l
2.4 KEYING( l6 G, w9 \* h8 u0 v( n  K
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
& w0 W& r2 T& a- {# n. Q3 }8 Q- ?determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the, W+ H9 N* x5 X4 Q& K6 B3 O& R% c4 {# s
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
- C' n0 z/ ]' `6 w# d6 Xdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
1 r6 H& @6 R8 ^: M% J7 Chands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
8 l; F9 x9 f* t1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
* l2 S0 [0 V6 _' n: v) t8 [with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.! f3 D4 j+ P& h+ ^! |( u) c
B. Keys:5 e* j  X5 G' e2 P  L
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
) o2 s& g/ _( w3 d, S"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
; i5 H! b/ e  {, a' h2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
  g6 L' W( |* a# X6 \2 Z8 r7 y  f, \different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.: e) M& a- [$ }
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via7 z* N" A, {5 q; o3 y* X& e
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
7 B* }2 S. q, t- t. |9 y( C. {identified by door locations., B! }# o5 j( M3 \3 D$ Y& E& I% v
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
7 _6 C1 ?6 E# |2 T1 @9 D& ]the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
+ n. d1 B% K7 z( ]( Mcylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.- Y2 I% k6 F% E# |  o2 Z
% c: i; T' ?. a, u0 c" L
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
% n* c# \' h2 pA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the- Z. f0 d1 t6 a+ w5 x0 W! x$ k) [+ m
following hardware or their equal:
" J5 B, B7 |! @( w3 n( V5 Z9 Q6 J) W$#
" E3 |" ^: a+ f+ P4 uNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware; N6 q4 y2 k, Y! t' a( u: g. Q
applicable to this project.
0 _' h3 ~- V2 m6 j- T/ z#$/ j7 ^% l7 ]5 C) L
% A; \, ~+ T0 a3 C
2.6 TEMPLATES& Y1 N6 }, }0 Z1 Q
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
0 s2 Q$ P' v! ?7 Vphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
/ Y! s. m! n9 Q* C! N1 |6 \" X' o" ~% O. f) A4 z3 a" t( H1 y) [
PART 3 -- EXECUTION) ?; A* o% W0 A& U; ?8 s/ h

9 H8 P& O" [& O+ c1 G4 d' h3.1 GENERAL% w! f" x( O. x* j5 t& B; I9 T
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock  S4 p) n; `' h  ?) I6 \( J
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project./ {+ r5 S" g0 `0 j
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
+ N, X+ L- `8 D) @% B: [, Gshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that, O' [; m/ a" w" v4 y
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
+ h$ g( F% d2 s' _9 C, o  a* G  P; KC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall: L2 i$ L8 @9 ~- F8 e1 g1 @
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
7 ~: S$ `5 l  j" k' [D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
" a# H. y# g, @, `  Lsoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
' H  O) u$ E/ Q. Q) i4 P' eother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and5 ]0 b9 [* ^: k/ @
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
  w, o! U8 @# k  d4 ^8 }% b( }* ^7 f8 R# H2 h- M
3.2 INSTALLATION3 c* D0 [3 j7 G3 b
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.. j9 l8 \  ?' j6 z7 v' l4 F
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
1 L9 O3 l- o! m2 sproper operation.
: K3 K5 }/ p) P; ]) M( iC. Make work neat and secure.4 k+ ]7 s5 Q9 _. D
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
+ S" h! O* K; c% D) Y5 Y) Tinstallation.8 N4 Z# b, m3 R* L. M* g# u
E. Latchbolts:
" d2 t+ K% O8 Q% H8 v1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.# R# q' h( U9 Y# \: o7 S
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.% Q+ [2 ?; B$ Y9 {* i
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
  `2 E/ Y1 K& p0 D# N- q1 IG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.- W- `8 @9 ?) _" k# _% U7 |: P
H. Thresholds:
4 _! S8 S# E8 ~) c  F2 E, e2 q1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
6 r( {$ O! g  j, K& `2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
/ m" F$ E1 I- f% o; G3 \' k: tI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.0 @; v$ \3 K7 f3 @' |8 {7 Y4 Z
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
5 X+ M$ u( k& a: o8 K& K, o
/ \8 E7 s* B7 K4 x; d% M3.3 PROTECTION2 e* a" o* `3 o$ H* g7 `5 m
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial( H) f& K- P- j/ @5 t6 q
completion.
; H. l# F+ t# t4 B- R2 J9 _. UB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
. i/ \8 i( G$ \  S: u: {5 ]C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's! D+ s: c$ h* ~& `" u! x
recommendations.
8 U9 f, C* L* D& [: vD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
* M1 _8 q3 H1 c/ t/ T# ^" I* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
4 s( k6 U7 P8 a2 ^; Q  \) c主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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