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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?4 |3 R2 m" a6 \' X4 j4 `1 Z
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& P5 M3 S& p! U2 ]' ]2 e
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。& {8 F( Q' K2 I$ U, U0 c
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。$ R2 m4 {+ \* Z% |" b& w

5 e3 Q# L4 E0 H1 `) E[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。# I. A! i9 w6 e, Q

' n3 ?& G, y5 n: J" c4 p4 q: g& F工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
, t* H. y, u( \) I/ m5 c  S国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
4 Q4 ^, a1 g0 ?- [# s) ?我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。2 O, b* m; C: a( {: f9 w( K

8 i  V1 |" q$ m1 X' m具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
8 i2 ^; O% j. c# x5 d0 Z# C$ X' a; U! jhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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2 t1 ~0 a+ J# n. D* r[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
8 Q2 n3 D2 [6 ~经常见到的文件有以下几种:
! B$ g& z. c0 a8 T4 nspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......0 z2 F. t: X* e& x
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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, B9 I) B1 j1 z% v( O8 x$ C) k2 J& L下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!1 C( z$ }! @: `0 O* p7 W
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INDEX8 U) \' y& e1 ^# Y
1.0 SCOPE. ! ^0 x+ T6 r  I6 V1 e: U# J  u, D8 B
1.1 General.
8 q9 x9 z6 C$ x. j( g7 T; a3 V1.2 Definitions.
3 `, R9 z9 \( a: Q, p3 F5 o2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 9 e0 }5 f( ]0 ^- i
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. * P4 F( u4 d. F7 B2 @+ O* h: ]
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. ( j4 b  ]: E6 |- A5 ^( W1 i
4.0 BASIC DATA..
/ i1 g1 p3 q8 X. o. f* J2 O$ W9 Z4.1 Design Life. : m. `+ J0 v* t8 J6 q, N7 d4 N( ?
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
/ H/ x, V. D) R( q' K) w4.3 Protection Current Density.. 5 X) e1 X" ]' l
4.4 Energy..
+ V5 u. D: A5 z: y4 G) n4.5 Test Posts.
2 S. g) v# M# |. F# B4 c( i$ l/ ^' E4.6 Insulating Joint.. & ^1 G: M) H2 a6 T# S* E" `  F
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
9 R& O0 [  \) o1 M8 Y: ^4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 8 G- ?, R5 B* _" H( z1 @
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. ' L' ]7 _7 {+ j# \2 X
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
$ ]: X8 l* b1 K' w$ a/ _. a5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. ' r, K$ x+ K0 ]1 W1 `! D8 I2 t
5.3 Anodes.
  J0 h  l) G4 M5 b% o/ P/ C# Y, B5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. ; u* b( q: _2 y. I6 z
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
" c$ |' S' b6 A+ ?' S& e! c5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
8 o: V. J# O: i5.7 Cables. 8 \5 @* ~% S) U& N! s
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. ( H. k4 O& ~1 a. X5 `' q' g. _/ f
5.9 Groundbed..
$ o: t0 S: e  h+ u/ a3 z3 K) c5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... * p# P4 m2 k& W8 D9 n/ y
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
( S6 J0 e/ E' A- V) d: N0 b/ {6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... & Y0 N0 P: F3 |  W% w7 ?
7.0 INSTALLATION..
  K  i$ ]+ {' f: E) R) L' r: f8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. ! I% y- G. ?' C
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 3 n3 q5 k' d& W+ k4 T
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
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8 _* K5 l% }) [. L$ W7 G: x: K[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD5 \' W7 p) p; \- V2 P
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
2 f0 {! z1 ~% g% J: ISECTION 08710; J8 Q8 ~5 U8 ?7 x7 y- u8 z
FINISH HARDWARE
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NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier; D% d3 F" C+ c2 r. |( b
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
! o4 n( V5 I% H7 mBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
, H' \- f: K7 {/ n4 QNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
5 D$ v1 j3 E$ F  x#$+ r! b8 [" k0 r" _! Q
PART 1 -- GENERAL
6 E; s+ h. J. |6 B# n" [" n7 N: A3 Q+ `: l1 P, m
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
; q0 @6 D+ R; A% s$ RA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,% n% G1 ^" b7 S
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated8 {- x3 k: |/ a* o0 G
on the Drawings and specified herein.
2 ~5 {: ?( [( M
3 A: T* c; q+ x5 X! [  K1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
  a9 x5 Z) u7 P- ?- ^, tA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
' O# i7 M" J' @5 J! P. SB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.' y; ^6 z# w6 F1 c& v
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.& m7 T& v2 @; S7 f! E# G  J$ _# F, w* L
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.- z# U+ y& h# y/ c/ I4 n4 [
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.& F" U$ P& j% ?6 i- t  O
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
; w' V5 Q0 ^# F& t* dG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
1 t  V# E8 X6 b+ |6 \# sH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.% ]. g$ k% K  p  p+ l2 Q6 g* A
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS  ]5 o/ S0 ~: o6 F  a
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.. D; D3 y+ x( V1 R* t+ v. I
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.  j& c: n2 Y+ G" ~
1. Commercial Standards:" `5 s- ^( ~  l1 r8 O1 h
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.8 G! x& i6 f- e: n/ |7 }& v- Q0 R1 K- i
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware1 T& I& r6 i* ]- Q/ o4 u
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
# Z' X3 }! h- h" @6 B3 EScheduling and Format.
& S$ d9 @' D" u3 I) kBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
) @1 U* Y+ w, G: F. x  H+ v2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
! F) V; K6 _/ t9 Wand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
! E" x4 U9 n# G5 q/ u: J5 }& Jrecommendations and specifications.1 d4 F" T" V1 c9 c& s

* E4 _- ^6 |) H1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
, L# z) |/ u4 F% n1 EA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.9 g& O: N+ V2 H+ O3 P) O
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.8 ~, d( a4 K$ j
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the" x5 G+ o. w! j  x* K* a
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.3 b3 F: }6 [+ X" H$ V/ }9 e
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed" C, b; W' ]! y. p' d' g3 A
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.3 l" ]! ^1 [" E
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
3 G% [% [' p2 ^, sENGINEER.% G$ |8 R  Z0 V- t: P9 Y
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
& P7 W& I' m  a  w6 u! ?! Enumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
7 X! ^# I  M3 I7 X1 L) b8 ?and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
3 H8 }/ M  J2 M0 P1 v) N2 J$ Tall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
# {/ E6 u1 W/ D6 R$ Y5 g& g# T  D% L4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
6 t# I3 P5 E3 A- Q1 C/ r6 k) rand finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural+ [  W$ q, Z( W0 u
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
8 u+ Q7 F' }4 A+ m4 Q5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and# I# C$ n; z5 ]+ x
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
& v7 p1 C' S5 A* |4 |: L+ R6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
7 i. Z5 e) k" H, |! ?5 G3 _8 x/ h5 d2 S1 f
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE, _0 D% \. V8 f$ [  \+ x. Z
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
. d1 [2 m' o$ z6 O( xindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
( A1 p9 c! S5 p+ e8 w& Jspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.. H# a3 @& R, K0 P/ E7 V
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be8 D; B+ c8 ?3 o7 x+ c5 I0 l$ r% v2 _1 N8 _
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
5 R2 Q5 q: r0 ~2 l$ k1 q- Q9 L; hto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
% j* Q# u1 H( y- D: vevaluation of all proposed substitute items.  t( M( a; w5 L& D# j& W
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
$ @2 S3 U; G% q* TA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.# }6 Q0 h: o! g4 t  V! v
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings- z8 T5 F- M3 u6 K+ v
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
" |7 {1 t1 M  i3 j# J( @+ @contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from( j! F9 v+ M* _9 n# V
the reviewed hardware list.
7 }' S# |. J6 Z2 [2 b$ {C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
" a* d. o! N2 \2 m1 ]: b" r4 \1 `to prevent loss or damage until installation.
9 j) T# }* N4 H: N# s/ E* b
0 _9 c: Y& e4 H( e! @4 D[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
  G8 D5 a1 I4 Z/ K9 P! s- J5 h
& K5 J3 K* r3 @6 E. y; ~- o% F* ?2.1 GENERAL
$ F6 C5 R& b( m1 BA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of& o  H! s+ w+ G0 c
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and( U- e9 ~6 q/ ^
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
8 l$ E5 O; w* ?$ x6 J3 Q8 x+ afully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
& W; i; P/ C1 [B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
* g. C: s# y  F1 u. xappearance, maintenance, and replacement.% N  Z( B! d: E- Q
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
6 D* x" I6 ^7 r! e8 c9 M, ]submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be' v: i/ V6 _' C6 g7 U0 `: L% z' B. R
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
& t1 P$ V  C, Q0 |$ [: uconformance with specified requirements.
, m' [6 W5 ?; K. ND. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
% ^8 T! \. O- C! P! P- D' Q9 y2 z  ]1 Mcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
  `" I* s6 T& [' u/ x3 T! E8 G
; R  \5 O& _9 ^3 ^1 X2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
9 R& e" B% |0 Z5 k8 IA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel6 ]$ p) ?5 H- E: z: O8 H
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
$ G3 s1 |6 i& zB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and8 f0 z( t, P9 j1 T3 h
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
) Z1 S9 U6 J9 E) Y! J- ^/ B0 xC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
* D& K- F! N6 zLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
" k4 k8 U; ~4 _/ T+ FD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
1 T! R/ j% R' m: Mshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.; ]7 F- Q. F6 T) N( |# c4 j4 {
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
6 n) \. p! G, q6 klatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type9 V6 m# j; U; q
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.$ ~$ Z) B& E2 |6 ~" \% O* c/ o
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
# ~/ l# W. n9 c" D% z3 e" kdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
5 J' y% y9 I3 Fhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
0 K$ G+ P) b* W- TG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
5 F, d: U. u8 p& y/ R% {9 Cdoors.
3 i8 ~9 E9 _6 A7 l  N7 c9 F! UH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
! H7 e3 }7 t# X1 @' b9 a180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.* K! C# D% q4 H2 {0 J7 Y! _  A$ \
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
' X" |. O% g( u9 q2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
9 A6 X( w! z; C& [* I3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.( {6 a8 ?" @1 E; _* X2 J. ^
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
; u/ d0 C' e' C5 `. ^0 D2 Econstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.+ c8 M9 O7 K0 `
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-9 c- |2 h6 I& k9 H" d& w$ s0 l% h
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
) E$ }5 \% a# H5 Y' q4 X8 _' ?K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-. @5 f# z7 t" K% T) F
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
: I$ j( U. o6 S, f2 t$ FL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
7 A: \3 i% ~" W- u  Aknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
) x! t' d' R6 w* b; w3 F* W4 C7 ~1 X" {Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal9 g( X" U- M% \5 f( B
doors.) s2 P' ?- J; n4 z2 s# x+ j( R
* T, p/ E3 X) y( ]" V9 }0 G
2.3 FINISHES
8 N, F0 E: V; B% _* K9 [  LA. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware0 }$ X$ j' k2 J2 U% p0 C6 V# ~: [/ B7 f
Manufacturer's Association".6 m$ \& U6 i& X- [
1. 600 - Prime Coat9 S0 H4 Z, x* [' S
2. 626 - Dull Chromium9 I2 g1 p: P$ R- n
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel* x, H: d% d6 o* d( n" h6 q$ R$ r" o
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel0 H1 ~2 C$ R2 j' ]
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
5 R0 X0 e! T$ O" k+ @8 t  O1 nC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.) a' o4 B8 ^) K8 G& p2 f' X9 k
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
  r. c$ J0 G( j& g$ S; l7 c/ TE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish./ u+ y$ D" m% O  ]2 l, F/ q
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.' W1 a  @+ c7 t5 p
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
# ^7 F+ ?, _7 A' B3 j
0 c7 g9 t- a  G% I5 b( Q2.4 KEYING' K* h9 _6 o% h( O7 u5 f
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
& x4 J3 \+ a/ N) w+ f+ [+ P3 H. A" Ndetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
) X$ r8 r0 _( i' J: l/ ^CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
( D! x/ s. a/ k7 {% }0 adoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
3 ~* X* n4 g6 R. A' R( z7 {/ B% Ahands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.  S1 e* ~" I3 L
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond9 W; h& Q2 N/ t" Y
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size./ O6 W0 ?  q: E8 f
B. Keys:. C' O+ o; D9 x/ k
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side9 B% D5 Y1 I4 G; g4 u# f$ p
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
0 G' R/ F% b# |5 l2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed8 I/ a: j( |  b( @' ]- v
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.% Z) i% {& e0 G6 Y- @/ L
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
$ G0 U5 @. F+ k% a0 j, b7 W" W& @Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
5 X0 F  a  g$ K+ aidentified by door locations.! x3 C0 I/ K7 H. m/ W
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,7 E/ o5 i  ?9 i" f
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
) A4 s/ y& g. ^5 mcylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.9 a, S5 I) j! k2 s9 K8 X
) d2 G9 {3 g$ h2 k& ^! m4 g8 c
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
7 f0 y2 |6 {2 H8 HA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
+ ~# l) E5 l4 }+ u( Z& Rfollowing hardware or their equal:
  B' h+ ^; u, z2 g$#
& Z' G1 l4 f( d; Q) fNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
: j* ^9 {% m: u& C" Rapplicable to this project.
7 K9 e" U. t. J" z, C- F, f: n* g#$  H. [6 H' y7 b  z
% h# X/ h$ ?8 @: Q) X
2.6 TEMPLATES
* I5 d8 e( J: N! m+ YA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or1 C0 }: P  Q! t( ^! K
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
' M$ T" R  n+ c' |2 @! {  W3 \0 ], N# B4 G( V$ M' r
PART 3 -- EXECUTION- f5 T; _  B1 r! T. C

4 i' T7 p7 u  P7 s3.1 GENERAL% ~( k% f8 m; S( s2 w. r5 M
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock- x( P2 G( Q3 R1 X) v4 u
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
; W8 R" U8 a  \- j6 h" BB. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
: \: }) H& H9 wshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that2 w% I1 M9 ?3 y6 q5 y
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.6 o6 `& M9 c* c8 z- D
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
( _+ d2 w9 \' Y" ^9 M% yreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
; i1 V6 i3 v" I0 G5 l% \D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
( q6 S3 o6 F! X% ?" P4 o5 qsoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and9 T% q# k' a7 }* o
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and: n! G- }, Q$ P# I5 C$ c6 C9 m
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.& p7 `. H$ E4 a$ }" N9 V8 z
1 l6 E: m; _: Y6 O
3.2 INSTALLATION' C! T! f+ A. o! c$ j( ]. e
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.8 ?8 L" x* o8 S9 U" o8 p: r
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for9 F) |1 r$ n# j9 S
proper operation.9 ]& [; J  R8 N7 p+ x% E
C. Make work neat and secure.
8 R0 X7 f* k8 S+ x4 m7 }2 FD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
0 h9 l  A' u( Einstallation.$ {. i. }, Y# X7 a' _
E. Latchbolts:
* [6 o- M! }0 b0 E# c, Y  Y5 W1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
! c* u# O  a0 U2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.3 _( \/ s5 h4 i/ |5 q: E5 S
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.6 h/ O# w0 U4 n
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
6 g; C& O( @7 _* @# A& @H. Thresholds:- B. @- f. `( f8 \
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
: E5 \3 k  ]% B  `2 A) ^2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
* e# [4 I0 A5 VI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
) Q$ T' M' T' O, f9 EJ. Replace damaged hardware items.! `6 D% m6 U$ m& V
. e9 L% [/ F/ u
3.3 PROTECTION
* N5 B3 W2 Z& }" V, n% vA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial! A/ j' b  O) @, v5 q- L
completion.! c& P4 y. Q( x0 g$ Y0 X: l; n
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.9 W, f! G8 v$ P% R- k# @
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's( d- C* R/ y/ d( {$ ?4 Q6 }
recommendations.
: w! R6 m. J* A& P. z( k6 RD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning./ H7 i, h1 y$ l% Y" n* X* P2 n* g( W$ A
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,& e' \6 n! }. j9 X
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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