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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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1#
发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
# x% A7 O4 I* e, E; H+ h$ |" o
' Z0 b* f6 L2 g. t

( M2 k9 d: n  _. K据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。% C0 f/ s8 @1 e  U3 Z: y- z- Z
% J! v* M' ^$ C6 }

- f0 ?% N. x5 T/ |% }- U1 o7 d5 ^. c此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。, I1 u/ x( Z* ]* y
4 m6 x& ~# ~" b
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

3#
发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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4#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。! ]5 v8 b* `* A" f

5 ]7 g- q( ^4 K工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif3 e0 Z' c" q6 D% l
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

9 T  x" J6 B" Z( T国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
6#
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
8 A, |2 Z% {) k4 u5 p我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
+ H3 x1 j. ^0 i- S5 E. [
2 ~" `+ L/ O: B, M# R具体内容可以参考下面的网页:- a3 k- l4 K) m. v, u+ B
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
8#
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。) |& w; ?( s- r3 C6 Y8 T
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。4 x$ H# f, s5 i( n' `

  r4 `3 `1 c; r/ E[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
10#
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!4 [- P2 q/ ^  \! l. z0 t1 R4 I, n
经常见到的文件有以下几种:8 K* c0 S& m+ N7 i0 j; S! u' M) e
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......* n/ X! N" N# g" }
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!8 {8 {& i6 e: r. R: F8 C0 ?8 k

  l8 r4 i* d# b0 G/ {下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
& R8 l9 [# s2 q) z7 V# V
. j6 ^* b3 ~+ ]INDEX% F  b, `6 R* T7 t3 T  g. X  T
1.0 SCOPE.
+ h. d- I% @& n: E! X; x& Y1.1 General.
/ L  G0 R0 k" g3 H+ L8 b1.2 Definitions.
' e! t8 c( ~, N" a& [% ^+ H2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
. L" y' j; y6 q/ h  }/ n2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
. s* s2 p* j( f, D3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. ! E- q* V& t! z; t* I
4.0 BASIC DATA.. 0 P! Z& b, Y( m' s& s( F9 C
4.1 Design Life.
( B9 I% K; W0 U5 G$ ]6 {4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
. h1 k; Q' x, O3 `6 m; l$ X4.3 Protection Current Density..
# r; P! {3 F6 n+ n% L% h6 e4.4 Energy.. 9 N0 e- U" \+ R; {' f
4.5 Test Posts. ; p# |7 ~, Y  @: q2 t% _
4.6 Insulating Joint.. : o2 ^( F& g% J1 J. _8 z! m  I& Q
4.7 Effect of Electric Line. ! ]) l/ Z9 l; e/ \) f4 l
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. ! K' t: w) Y6 F* |4 @( V
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. ) t3 P& ^: v9 D2 c0 s$ T( x( N
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. 1 J$ s( w7 Z' I
5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. ! n1 L  d" r9 i! j
5.3 Anodes. 2 |2 n6 [% l/ ^1 ]8 s
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. 0 ^  K7 g( J' `
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
4 |' X1 m! Q. ?) c2 {5 |5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
7 h4 T: K$ N2 I' d3 K" y5.7 Cables.
5 o7 H5 P. V$ t% o5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
. z' G3 d7 q; ~5 D& e/ d6 x5.9 Groundbed.. ( F3 f1 S3 h8 d# {) z
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... ) ~7 T8 m; B1 n
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
; m( @) N  \$ b6 c* d% M- N* P6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
$ N& B8 Y* Y  k4 \0 T0 X7.0 INSTALLATION..
, R! ?* U; b, J9 h0 W0 Q7 Z; q8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. & I" i; A$ ?. z: I" e; R* E
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. ! V7 y1 t% U  i2 Y
10.0 SPARE PARTS. / {- |& ?! y! d" z7 `, B7 z- y, i, ?

& z2 @& ]) Q) S9 y. N2 R[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
11#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
3 g" \3 r1 F4 i) S0 ][PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1  D2 D' x* M2 }6 t$ g* \
SECTION 08710
3 h# S' N0 a  b9 Z' [& ~$ V! q$ L# mFINISH HARDWARE3 Q5 p! |' d) F
$#0 ^4 z* n- W. d$ n  w. r
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
. Q3 I' k8 F3 T1 P$ D- ais required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.+ e3 M! k; |0 m( q
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.8 W% S6 o1 x& l; G. ]
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.! s$ ~. _3 t5 Q% f, ^# |
#$* J4 p+ O+ b/ R2 j: }
PART 1 -- GENERAL
* e4 {8 t( s8 ^. G: X
$ Q3 O8 M1 w& g( {1.1 THE REQUIREMENT5 ?  M7 S6 ?! I- P* P4 K5 G: H
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,$ |' i& K% M4 h3 {+ Q
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated/ D2 M. c0 r" d' z7 S
on the Drawings and specified herein.% |! }1 [! d! S1 L

9 ~/ M0 [( o  @1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
. u9 {( ?1 {9 L5 zA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.: N9 F2 b/ C" T5 G/ ]
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.# k& @6 d! `+ t( r- v& h
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.8 ?: ^( _0 u! K! f
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.4 d9 b, M0 l3 Y
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
% i8 g9 @( T' r" v9 ~F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.# p! }4 p4 O% K# G+ K, t
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
  E8 x" b" A  f4 f) r6 ZH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.6 E) C: C$ K4 w/ K/ c- c& S. b% e
! g, O% ?- k3 d7 ~1 R) s
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS  d" n& ^$ L0 b3 M: C" Y
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
/ |; w5 l9 h6 f) a* B! Z6 sB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.2 ?: R) Q7 K/ _) ^3 ^7 h
1. Commercial Standards:
; i2 u+ X  F# S3 qUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.1 d4 l3 l: i/ m9 X* s. }
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
7 D2 `0 G$ E/ E* E# ]/ M( j2 j, l0 jSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware/ ~8 g0 v  n6 V8 J- ?1 U( Z
Scheduling and Format.
/ ^7 X2 N$ p! tBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association9 t8 e6 X/ v: M( U! ?
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware' X% I4 ]3 D% Y
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published) G. b) f( N7 c) z
recommendations and specifications.
, ^. K7 A; M. G( w+ g9 r# B% [+ V8 H5 H+ y+ {! q
1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS6 r2 g7 \5 Q2 a9 M7 o0 w, N
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
) {4 u0 Y$ d; ?0 H2 @B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
0 D) D. U% m; A8 g% v1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
8 S, x3 x5 r' A( y8 p" R% Y5 thardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.4 c3 p1 x6 U1 s4 w2 \$ A7 n7 {
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
: u4 [' u9 F! m& Shardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
4 l- ~3 a: [# h8 k2 T# W5 i$ g8 RNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
2 j! D- M3 T8 t4 w0 uENGINEER.% S3 d: W/ @* M/ X* s4 J4 r
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
! W. z' p* ~' c) W1 P9 c; Onumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,+ y4 o3 X9 k% R& h- \
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
: L4 R6 p: n# U& P4 lall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements." ~1 p1 v9 k/ R# y" K3 W; `$ _
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,5 X( i3 s& b/ o1 `
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural" _9 O) n. W; u9 u3 A
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
3 e5 d) x7 `; a: A5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
5 @. I0 Z* l9 i) G( {data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
1 ^; N. C! S( o+ J$ z5 V& m4 b' `6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.+ g- P$ d& g- F" c  w, k
0 B0 C$ @1 X1 Z& B2 l: I
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE: R! V7 x5 a7 y
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
+ o! H% R% |: p& I" ~' pindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
2 P* K( X1 q. |specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.' R! E  u8 X3 b
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be6 q" |1 K: X+ x; \% U8 K
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility$ Q4 l8 [1 G- B1 u, l) Q$ A( @9 v% K
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate2 @; A4 O. c$ m: |5 u" m* D
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.. Y# L4 F( i" K. {  p' D
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING* Z6 h% s5 ?4 @1 r
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.+ m& t! ~2 q# k2 Z- z0 S" o) g8 F5 w
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
- J. l4 U0 ?5 w5 e, P- Qand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
! \: I0 }: y1 _9 Dcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from- G. m( T' l: X" P' M2 A  x/ ^) }
the reviewed hardware list.7 m# j, G  H6 m5 e: j6 k, H
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER- x- j" o0 j8 R/ U9 R9 Y' x4 M
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
; |7 W+ y' {7 y
/ U: p0 o7 Q5 Y[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
12#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS) y+ `* \5 B& Y) T: F7 j

' V- D: Q, L5 [$ ^' p3 ?  ]2.1 GENERAL
% U7 D* v9 m0 t. [  F  o, z% @A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
0 ^3 R5 O, D/ }" |! nindicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
# N+ p$ e) h* i( p3 J3 [$ Gfunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is9 O2 M+ }/ C3 N( C/ `, e
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.5 T1 X$ X1 A. G9 J' S
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
" d8 T* p3 L# Vappearance, maintenance, and replacement.- V1 U$ c6 k( N5 X
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
' f8 s/ {7 s% ~$ U0 K4 ssubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be) h+ h  L$ e2 b' Y( @( O0 q
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in. a. t  y7 \. s1 u5 P
conformance with specified requirements.' L- C9 V6 p9 n% e$ W; N
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
+ r% G. f3 R! _2 i; vcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
( X, i3 ?- g$ I  |* i* S7 S6 b$ I" `
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES3 r% e) y% N- t
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
! e  t: O' R9 O/ I; Amechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
/ q1 K9 F: R+ m' |, `# cB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and. E* R# t: \6 s1 H) M, `# t* P
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
. h1 @# n, W, Z4 Z2 G; ZC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
+ W1 N0 D$ O) I. w! wLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
( s) `9 V" z/ O+ vD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,, g0 b0 D8 X! ?0 L: r% t3 g% P
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
4 P9 s+ C1 x; h! uE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
% J  C0 A4 l. Q$ ~latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type- ?. l5 w' B% s, P/ h
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
2 z& i! r7 U3 P/ a: s7 mF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a& i- q. P2 v0 Y2 Z% F
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in8 d4 _9 P* s- F6 |  H7 }
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
9 ~: d# n8 z5 WG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of) d( b- B9 A1 a, L. k4 u
doors.9 U0 j7 Y0 c) m
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to) H! n3 z7 }& X# m3 Z& Q- h5 p& ]
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.' L( K. [) d, O: P" ?& e- N
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.( A, R( Y, a: V0 Z
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
/ X8 X/ O' H+ f; o6 |2 [3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
: `( I- z4 G1 V* a9 h' l" J) V, iI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
6 q: \3 Q9 W0 C9 ^0 }- e+ o. sconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.
$ _0 g$ ?, v; W# v/ L2 V) H* WJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-1 \: p2 R* U, k, o3 I( J
inches high x door width less 1-inch.: W% D7 y$ j; _; ?9 w8 D
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-8 u, S" c1 x6 x- w5 j5 ^7 r$ d
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
/ m- m; @8 u& J* v5 h% }2 d( lL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
+ m! G) Z& M7 J9 X" m# [7 S$ iknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
+ _: B7 C2 i3 O$ F+ r$ @Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal9 u6 T8 |6 }! C
doors.
  W' K  |% @& f5 [5 n  `! F2 i) p9 \
* g( U1 h; O/ g1 P# E# }! Y" j: ?2.3 FINISHES5 N% \# F8 d7 ~. e8 T4 K
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
4 a1 N: Q' v# N; r( o! \Manufacturer's Association".# n1 C7 L6 r* j1 u3 q( u
1. 600 - Prime Coat
3 W/ s& `5 E! x( }2. 626 - Dull Chromium
! C# c* b( m! Q1 h( \0 ~* G8 |" O3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
, ^* i5 Q! g4 h0 Z4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel" p% t1 |6 i5 Z
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
& p! B2 i* y" [$ C! I2 p( ?' kC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
% k% w$ R; _) k6 O- X) QD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
- p8 Y% f% o% @% HE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
6 \2 U; M+ t" y7 W* I/ ?F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.! n: T4 ]: z6 q# B# S* N* ^' h$ }
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified." }7 [. A! a& }

+ z1 C+ p$ Z' R3 t" ?! k% r! `2.4 KEYING
! U9 Q8 J& O+ }! k8 M1 ~A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be) m2 C; z( ^# a# t$ b! a; W
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the! v5 X; \- _# _: F
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
" L1 t* S# A. i! c3 A6 a  v) Ndoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the- O" P; Y' T% T
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.% X6 p% K  H! ~# I' g9 C1 s7 o
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond' c7 r! P' U" C4 j
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
: q' K5 R# {0 PB. Keys:
% T# i" W5 A" C; v; O- n1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side7 T& N1 m& e5 _3 S, L7 G
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".& F" A3 z. \: K% @3 f
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed7 ~/ P9 [6 @9 ~0 W7 o
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.$ B5 a8 f3 I( m' f# t3 m
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via. P' n2 j& m; m5 h
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
9 c  g% m  {  Hidentified by door locations.
8 b! \2 B' P6 c" z/ E* }4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,( r, t% w- O+ ~  Y! G
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock7 P1 A6 M- @" r  l9 E: ~' j
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
' k5 ~- L$ o6 S$ ~9 Q9 K, @& T' v; f4 ]) w6 H# U2 u! v
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
% C3 x1 o; Z9 y7 |8 M  n0 ?( uA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
0 Q3 A. P: B5 y' P% a0 |following hardware or their equal:
# o7 u+ G4 ^6 }% V! q1 h7 f9 B' d8 _+ Q$#
5 I1 i0 C' b! z; ^2 i' GNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware9 P. t( P8 w) v+ G
applicable to this project.5 @5 E" C% o1 B
#$1 h/ w- ^9 }3 A7 L8 ~( _

: {! a; N3 ^5 d* F  U, y$ c2.6 TEMPLATES) l) H( J9 P1 J  G$ c- T  b7 R
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or9 J% ?. e/ ]. f7 K" Z* j# d
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
* S3 E5 B; l0 h8 q' t! Y) d
7 \" Z7 V! k% S" O/ P4 k3 sPART 3 -- EXECUTION
6 p3 m% j- c4 {, d
" j" E; y% `; e% j3 H) t4 d3.1 GENERAL
8 n4 z* r$ ]3 r5 c& Q/ EA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
0 q1 Q! ?3 _0 s$ jcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.% m- K( a5 z  L2 X2 ?" Z
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR- ?8 t' }  C! P7 `
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that: `9 ]) U! F0 p4 ^, p
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.1 C4 n! h( s# g7 L: Q2 w
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall* c! p* [* F* N& e
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.+ e9 H6 I. }# |
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
0 }3 y" k/ F: E1 V/ k+ Bsoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and9 N% P( [. ~# i
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
6 ~+ I$ a3 v4 X+ g6 Dacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
. e# D+ ?3 V( f4 v5 x1 u' M
1 J! A  C% z$ _4 c# w3.2 INSTALLATION* C' X, `2 c) [! P- Z2 ?
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.4 z5 P4 G% s6 ?, _- }) ^7 y4 Q
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for2 I# p' a5 y1 X9 f  U4 O) A
proper operation.
9 q3 ], u* ?  Y8 p* C8 w$ K9 kC. Make work neat and secure.
' I/ c2 @$ D% M; A% ^" m! x0 hD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
; R. Q  p2 ~8 C7 v! K1 {$ a6 z$ Ninstallation.
  n4 ^, U# S( |, B+ N# `# b; g" zE. Latchbolts:
+ v- d0 q' O- {9 D1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.( R! I: n$ |" |# ^& R7 X
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
3 j& m! _2 o) F  l- Z1 @. q% L7 @6 E4 X. EF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
! ]$ ~1 {% O0 v4 v# i) J4 t7 ^8 W& eG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.$ d6 E; _* Z0 ]  ^! y% E
H. Thresholds:
3 Q( x$ H$ k: W! I/ ~1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
5 `& `# k- b- H& E1 k) R2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs., {! X5 g4 S3 R3 a/ ~
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
. Z; f* U( g% v+ q  eJ. Replace damaged hardware items.1 |" Z# O- h+ V$ M* W6 ^* Q

/ O: a; M% T% h$ Q0 J3.3 PROTECTION
  N2 z0 l7 j% r0 B$ G3 P/ E7 WA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial4 f# f; W' E  Q3 q$ c. R% t* Y
completion.: y' s; y3 H0 `7 o& P: {8 Y. H
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.2 r: A! o" z  g
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's6 t& y4 P; [5 v1 R
recommendations.. S& i/ X. ^1 m' c& o6 J
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
/ x2 O6 C) z! T& h* * * * * *
13#
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 只看该作者 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
14#
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
15#
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
16#
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
17#
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 只看该作者 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
18#
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
19#
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 只看该作者 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,6 i8 C/ ]% v( y) t
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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