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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
5 j/ @# g0 j9 P$ ^$ d# b; O6 b* H1 E  E! i* o% `4 `
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。) n$ J! x- r7 ^' \, x5 _5 u' C" D

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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。, `6 z# @. V: P

0 {8 j" j/ S6 [$ {! ~2 N[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
3 Z8 w: e) V' ]. c1 T - g6 ]% Y: _% v6 r* Y9 D" d# e
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif( `  T$ l0 H: f# X( I0 N
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

' f- t  w% x/ W3 d8 h3 S- i国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
4 ?6 t  M% {$ j* M5 h1 L7 |我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
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' l% ^, _2 \3 T% A: [  j具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
; U. d) m4 P+ Whttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。! R6 N0 n8 N; h, @: q

$ b3 h+ m5 U& b/ t) {工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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2 {% R" c. Q2 [7 {  {[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!8 M$ J4 Q( T% r7 f
经常见到的文件有以下几种:" [3 b9 I& p5 [( k8 s- ?% G7 L
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
! t4 |, p9 u# q( E- ?/ N  @那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!; i" \; u1 o6 d' Y7 B" l, _1 o7 ?/ r, _

) V* {  `7 V* R8 H& M; f8 R下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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" L( J7 [+ U7 Q5 WINDEX
; _( g! R7 z. N) V1.0 SCOPE. 5 R; U! M9 m8 P: S* n) X9 s4 x
1.1 General.
  B, r6 p$ v6 U1.2 Definitions. % x; K8 @7 S% f! L( O  l
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. ) m; j2 |5 {7 @' Y1 d0 G+ Y
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
: U6 l3 G+ A3 z7 G5 v3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
1 J. e: P4 `! f1 v" g$ `4.0 BASIC DATA..
3 s1 \$ I+ }8 P: W1 R4.1 Design Life. 6 Q, P  \- O) J% z7 `& U
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. - A5 t! W0 T; V+ R
4.3 Protection Current Density.. ( x( U) P( b- o3 }
4.4 Energy..
6 |, S+ {+ A6 S' X: H9 l+ z4.5 Test Posts. ( g" V# @5 B" S  H8 r! J
4.6 Insulating Joint.. ; Y6 R$ h5 U: e/ @, |! u+ z
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
/ R/ [2 V% p0 h6 [. p4 V- y4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
6 Y4 T2 x1 y6 B6 p! I( W7 b5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
; x* h( P0 L( d9 v" k" c5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. . |4 T0 _* o- r
5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. - m. @8 m5 ^; i& x! L2 ?" n3 |
5.3 Anodes.
- M2 W; b2 u- q4 ^# o1 k5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. 2 L9 H$ Y( c9 }1 r/ S) A
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
) j) m- U0 e( B5 c3 y- Q5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. ) b" C1 j& ~# H% X* `
5.7 Cables.
4 F6 x: n; n9 W4 o& z5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. 3 w1 `* @# u& j
5.9 Groundbed..
) D/ m4 h, t' B7 g" w" `3 J% l0 z5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
6 U3 g1 R" ]( S  J5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... ! K) ^$ [. M* N* r
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
. P. u; o1 I# X4 {$ m7 H( X7.0 INSTALLATION.. 2 X1 J0 P) m1 I. X, S: ]1 v
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. 3 v1 i5 F% _" W$ E1 V
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
, L4 h- o) D5 ]) ^: D9 e! x10.0 SPARE PARTS. % i: }2 `% k2 k- @- X" d

; x0 o9 @$ x  }" s' N+ W[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD3 z: o- B  s" B; h( W& O3 M) C
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
" n. P; D5 `! MSECTION 08710! r$ ^# |2 l& z8 I
FINISH HARDWARE+ n+ n) I& l& m9 h
$#  w8 a  M1 m7 ?  x: e9 q
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier' h# \3 B8 ?7 F% k! Q5 s
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
8 n9 q5 W# C0 L( MBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
9 \. a, f6 D( uNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
9 Q* G7 R0 ?  E( ]  v4 O  q+ @, B#$' V+ S! M  _: e: V6 v4 |( e
PART 1 -- GENERAL8 G# v0 y- m( m$ W& ~$ r
2 o" v) x. r3 n' l" _; U. l- i3 z$ L/ ^
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
' M# S8 d/ s/ @A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
# T' `2 c1 z, H8 m" `2 F; Vand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated' }6 O! U3 [! d0 D2 m# z
on the Drawings and specified herein.
( N7 G  r2 l/ ?4 {% W; |. c( Z' v- d. S* q( w" \7 D/ E
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE0 k3 `: J4 a6 ^( S$ P: v
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.& m3 V6 I# q% f" a0 q( T& L
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.% [3 T* a! `$ K3 S
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.+ d2 T) Q. X) ?( ?7 J1 l6 i: T. C
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
- d8 U% Q6 q! T) QE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.) i5 f) I0 n: P7 E( E& W
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.* g7 G2 ?: T$ e" w
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.# O7 ^" w  O! f" r! J
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.2 U8 K# h  B7 r. _( O

8 `' q3 ]7 ~, ?7 B1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS( m) w1 S; _# j5 I
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
) [4 A( D+ ]3 r; F3 ZB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.$ r7 E( ?* ~  D) a+ S
1. Commercial Standards:
- ]9 H5 V) I4 {3 Y6 k' ]Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
6 V5 p$ q8 I7 j. lHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware5 S( F/ c8 u- Y  h7 q: M
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
# c, \0 w* [& f1 s0 XScheduling and Format.
" d& z" [) y% gBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association& G; I4 z& v; p# p# p& s3 ?* t1 F
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware5 d; L6 k( R* [, E+ [- i# ?
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published9 Q( h! u. E1 k, z' ?9 d
recommendations and specifications.( n  z0 @5 `1 C. B. Y+ Z$ P
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
, I( S, w3 x! |7 w% ?/ a/ Y# T+ xA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
6 {) W! L9 |* lB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.1 l# z+ L- t# s9 {
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
( R& ~4 B6 y% ]hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
6 R# o' V1 L% w' J2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed, V2 e, Z) R3 I' c6 y6 A( I( S' C
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.3 g& [! x. p, u/ u
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the3 ]7 O; B+ R. t2 Z
ENGINEER.
1 s! \8 v. e9 {9 v3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
* v' B4 t9 j& _9 u9 mnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
6 e, W+ I. K3 |7 [3 c, Mand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and; I4 L. C" i/ i8 z
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.  {: k/ c7 I* |
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,0 g9 i: V4 U/ S$ h& t- B- B7 L; I
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural/ P$ p7 {6 C5 y* H! `. h& u
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
0 o  e! ?7 }: j5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
# m% H8 F1 e* b3 jdata for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
) y7 E! Z* s5 _# E: V6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
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1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE3 H+ d! B; ?4 [4 Y! f9 ]
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of) L- v1 e3 B# h% Q
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the* q1 k) z- f3 a3 `
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
9 R0 O' k3 w2 F, s  J# `& kSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be9 ]8 l5 ^! U# u$ T$ n+ y
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility; D/ \7 P, x) W1 T! U1 n! p
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate* v7 C- F( O4 \$ |- C1 C$ A
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
+ v* E- N3 u8 H3 T: r; X1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
( r1 `. t4 ~- @. D6 Y$ L( _/ `A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
: k/ ~" J, S1 G$ xB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings' B& R3 J" L# J) Y  i; D" e
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
, I* h9 L2 u" y$ f; ucontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from3 X- y! o0 t% J$ d( X* `/ }9 h
the reviewed hardware list.
3 k  {0 y0 E1 _$ j, S- q5 d1 E4 E1 uC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER; F  n$ k/ x4 V* Q4 [4 i  ^
to prevent loss or damage until installation." S, E4 l6 E5 l  G  |+ m

  @) {2 W) V. C, G[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS/ C( [! B$ ]$ y- ^- o8 p
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2.1 GENERAL- f5 k; P4 P) }1 m+ h$ P! V
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of) K" Z6 N1 X" C, A
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and7 f+ g1 d7 J* r5 G6 |
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is1 k) W! Z/ F+ H0 _5 u1 _5 c4 z& m3 l
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER., g5 X7 ?8 Z9 o
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
9 E  @, `4 g- g) M3 s( }appearance, maintenance, and replacement.' B; ~7 o* x# a8 i
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require0 x3 A$ x3 q% V& j# c) }
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
# ?' a. E9 h1 w  [; W) X- dreturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
# ?8 W; t  _9 l9 |( ?+ O9 Wconformance with specified requirements.
5 r9 s8 q. ~. T4 |  dD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,( @$ ]$ p& I! u# D0 p8 E
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.. M- f$ @( J0 u4 T, m  `7 g

; W4 @8 `1 D; T, |% O( l9 U# G2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
& H. [8 T- t3 }2 l! D0 a( O) r1 }7 nA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel4 o  W2 J2 U3 Y& [# c7 B6 A
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
4 p" h, @/ w7 B) ~( p* KB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and+ C1 U% q  b" x( L
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
+ o" D2 Z! E% H2 @C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.+ ]& y- N6 J5 B1 R
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
2 t$ l9 O" a* s6 A, g3 _. Z9 ^D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
, h1 q7 T, M1 M7 Nshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.  |, M) {) d4 h, B2 o
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
3 Q1 e2 J) M' h- V; _$ Z& ], L) Llatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type& Z' ^% Z( t' d- G. p$ g: q& N1 V
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.+ Y2 s, e* c/ _+ D
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
- r. Y! P) t0 t  }- C" \door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in6 d, z! w8 Z5 u# H. Q2 o% l
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
$ o; t4 n, Z7 k6 r/ ZG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
9 [) X+ g. m; W* N  ndoors.& |. h* D  e4 P' U
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
5 N# j% I( o$ F* F180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.$ S3 n( K5 N5 E& |! W
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.9 `7 S/ |9 ~  R8 E, I# ]7 t3 j
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
( X4 _3 T0 W1 e3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames./ L  z. [# t8 N" P  y" f. ~
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
3 s& i7 R# R4 N& J1 h3 Nconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.& i' Z2 H' Z1 j/ a  @
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
) G9 [& x0 H1 s& L" a* t2 I# L9 pinches high x door width less 1-inch.  \( p* L5 K# S5 o/ R, d4 M7 _
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-  g7 A; H% ^9 s1 K0 @, G% R
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
1 R. L$ L1 t3 Y/ t: {- T) G  A3 G. zL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
  Q: E0 Z% H) H! Hknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)2 H, _! ?, G* s& Y: p3 _2 @) v
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal- e6 i' @9 F6 W: P1 S
doors.2 u4 `/ M# T' H5 C7 A7 M. r

6 a$ ]/ b! n9 p. i$ V( M: G+ y9 ~& u2.3 FINISHES7 \  A  ~) `# L, p3 J1 W+ U/ R
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware1 I9 b$ c! k$ o
Manufacturer's Association".* F+ ]3 c0 U+ J* C; T( I3 |; v
1. 600 - Prime Coat
0 e+ ^! |! y( q& K) f2. 626 - Dull Chromium0 a, K3 P$ Y% }; E0 p$ O
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel6 O. R) Z% f4 s% E
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
4 H( E8 c; @8 f" gB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
3 r! L  M5 v$ i  v0 U* jC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.0 C: u+ ?+ h5 n' o2 x( D7 d
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
. q* @( L! g7 yE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
" ]* {& A7 n; v1 [7 o7 l+ X/ q3 wF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish." r, L/ h7 M5 s# s
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.. ]1 t+ u$ J3 p. \0 S: P
' c* t0 c9 ]0 N
2.4 KEYING
0 X8 s3 o/ u: P- Y& w: EA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be# }& \# b( X% f) \6 M, u) |8 F& j
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the% B0 v7 D, p: J6 E: E/ d
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
1 ?& H' W  n$ O; b$ c# fdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the/ P1 s; r9 w5 v2 z
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.9 x8 {0 O! o, o9 H5 o
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
, w- A! }! r  F* ?& v- w& Lwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.  O* R- w& F+ A% F" v  C
B. Keys:
, c4 D& @$ Q7 B2 `, ?4 w: _9 ^) B" W1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
9 }+ {* L1 t/ C7 \8 b! m* p$ G% S"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".# m' X3 ?# Y5 H$ O& B; Q
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed* i$ h1 z) }4 r. B5 Z6 y; _
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
2 T4 u+ B9 B0 K0 g6 u7 b; ~3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
+ b/ h8 X9 u/ \) @Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
+ y" g% n# ^$ x% @identified by door locations.+ G, n" N1 L! q+ U3 p- B
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
3 h6 p) l9 w2 X# Mthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
, f& V+ S- B* t) I1 ^cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
# L! O: {  k+ z/ r/ q% e, I# b/ d9 r
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
$ X1 w$ c7 r2 r3 ]9 w2 lA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the9 S" O! w3 N8 d# s+ D
following hardware or their equal:
- w' W- p7 `6 f$#9 t0 J/ ^% K& T) e( q
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
9 A5 n. X# {0 P" n: s; L- t8 @applicable to this project.
9 @$ ~% y% c4 H( H7 f; y. m: f0 G#$( s4 ^5 ~# Z% k& L1 x8 C9 @( t; C4 I

8 V2 A$ l5 r2 m- W! W* y# l- w2.6 TEMPLATES
5 B! D4 x7 H& HA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
/ z' A! ~/ k) gphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
% T$ N7 S! v% {& }
/ K( F4 A; V% [PART 3 -- EXECUTION
% `3 R6 z& P! t8 a. G* a7 V
1 Z7 m! l9 B' t$ y) E- }3.1 GENERAL
" M& h+ L2 j) J5 ?& \- a8 M  OA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
: e: z5 y/ W# E) b4 u9 ~cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.8 g5 K- c, @$ \3 T& `
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
; G7 g2 b: \  q8 P8 Tshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that; z# _2 }0 p7 z5 a# z" E
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.4 |) w; y9 ^: G5 L8 h
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
$ Q: e4 r; u# I+ r: F: Lreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
, V+ j5 }* k" P' S* D9 r% pD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other  M, P% V7 J6 R5 \
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and! d5 n2 X- Y6 @; s1 R2 q0 j& H
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
+ \, Z" L' j# Z% C2 g* ~& Racceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
8 V  |; ~* g; C, m' f1 [6 F( T* z; \) @# j
3.2 INSTALLATION7 k( b5 ^7 M: `  q9 C- P& U- L
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.: v% |* d9 a. I- m6 V* ?
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for% N0 z, _& C5 g$ Y
proper operation.
3 o8 s8 C* B3 U# e6 H+ K, gC. Make work neat and secure.
; u9 B+ r# L* dD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware, L5 l6 \4 K( S, G
installation.
7 R8 e: X( K% u6 Y/ p. fE. Latchbolts:
- X8 d+ m  I2 k; v/ P+ L; |8 i1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
. {. E" l$ G3 J& L0 w0 j2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
: z" g/ r3 Y0 o  C( G6 k/ q# i! yF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
$ M2 b6 @0 j- N" |G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.+ w& o# i! c9 [. e0 i. B" j/ |2 H" b
H. Thresholds:
8 N6 B4 q- K% @8 x4 a" A9 R1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb., K& r$ t; o; E; P
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.% Z7 @8 A# `! s0 Y6 t' J' Z) b
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.$ F9 ?1 ?% @( Q# Z; h
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
! i  h2 O( l$ O2 i- a
! k6 j  u  q, ^  `& U0 B( ]+ ^3.3 PROTECTION
4 P' ?$ g5 ^: E8 E: R5 h0 _) gA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
& U# }- n5 ]) X& ycompletion.9 j$ y& \9 s( d- P, r8 U
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
. k2 I( l- f! N* QC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's0 N" i  O. c& H: z' D
recommendations.0 i7 W( d/ ]4 a7 X
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
( S) ?+ n8 q& O7 z/ S* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
; a, y& N3 h- s主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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