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本帖最后由 weiqiqi 于 2010-1-27 18:14 编辑
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. q' s% v" N8 Y# ~; H6 iPower System Relaying, Third Edition (Third Edition)2 @6 G/ Q. F$ B$ D: i
Published Online: 21 Apr 2008
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Author(s): Stanley H. Horowitz, Arun G. Phadke
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3 Q6 `! I& K- J/ w% V: `7 }" a; \Print ISBN: 9780470057124 Online ISBN: 9780470758786- c7 b- b" Z) h# H& }2 h% R7 P
3 \9 _5 J/ m: Q, f. BDOI: 10.1002/97804707587860 ~! o5 n1 g+ w+ c2 Q
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http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/attachments/month_1001/1001271124d5287cb8e0725f97.jpg
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Description: Power System Relaying, 3rd edition covers fundamental relaying concepts, description of specific relaying concepts and circuits as well as major system devices such as current and potential transformers, transmission lines, transformers, motors and generators, generating plant auxiliary systems, buses and station configuration and equipment. Numerical examples, which clarify the text and demonstrate the philosophy underlying relay selection and settings are included, and problems representing actual power system situations are presented. Utility practices and problems worldwide are discussed, and contrasts are made between the different technologies and preferences of USA, Europe and Asia.
4 A& s7 Y$ t3 o-Provides the student with an understanding of power protection principles and an insight into the phenomena involved.
" |& A; a- m4 L5 L, J; w2 h K-Features problems to be worked through at the end of each chapter
' A: m% h- W" ^1 v( Q-Includes new material on power system phenomena such as stability, system protection concepts as opposed to equipment protection and a description of historic outages.- ^/ h. s( ~" m! S3 l7 V: X
-Discusses in detail the emerging technologies of adaptive relaying, hidden failures, wide area measurement, global positioning satellites and the specific application of digital devices2 z$ ]7 f+ G4 o+ y6 A% d
Contents:7 k) u) g+ c( ~) e
Preface
+ q$ ]7 f2 S h; x0 m7 N5 SPreface to the second edition
+ z; i! N! h4 hPreface to the first edition
" |2 q# S, r, F2 s' s1 Introduction to protective relaying
; g" }) K) K! f* d! P7 b% `1.1 What is relaying?& U4 b* E5 O; z: X, A
1.2 Power system structural considerations
: {8 u }3 W) X9 S) G1.3 Power system bus configurations2 B3 {6 J# Z/ Y8 L8 y
1.4 The nature of relaying
8 L, ^& ~& ?1 s1.5 Elements of a protection system' Q2 R2 n: n1 ^- [6 w) a* O
1.6 International practices
" R; j) v0 R# P6 [% |1.7 Summary
4 z8 U/ l K; \& G. yProblems3 e4 a n- o+ I) C d0 b/ Z; t
References
& }, y$ z! k* N1 u2 Relay operating principles- A& Z* a( I# ?0 a+ K4 Q, e4 J
2.1 Introduction
# c" u9 f8 F" j, H/ q; T2.2 Detection of faults
' X$ u0 d0 h9 X- p1 d2 z7 ^2.3 Relay designs* |3 v [) M, j( D' y5 j
2.4 Electromechanical relays
' o3 M5 b# A# S# Q9 g2.5 Solid-state relays- M: W+ y5 E1 f7 O, K9 G
2.6 Computer relays5 O5 |# K& J: G# p) B0 `# R: T
2.7 Other relay design considerations
0 m+ T, u) _+ b& e& B% _2.8 Control circuits, a beginning2 n+ Q5 C' ~$ ~! V5 L# x# \/ h
2.9 Summary: b9 l+ z* B- C" D; I
Problems6 S+ v+ s1 w# n3 n
References3 Q: M& `: ~# _0 a7 p* l
3 Current and voltage transformers' _3 A5 |! W8 R
3.1 Introduction
3 P' w0 u& i2 M5 }2 i `5 u7 p3.2 Steady-state performance of current transformers
6 ]/ d& A) ^8 \3.3 Transient performance of current transformers
$ B, y1 b& t% x4 a) L3.4 Special connections of current transformers
# {: J1 g( [5 f# T2 @0 n, G3.5 Linear couplers and electronic current transformers
. t5 r: U. ~: W( C, H& ?3.6 Voltage transformers( \1 A5 t, }4 [2 f" h
3.7 Coupling capacitor voltage transformers
$ T" S- ]8 _ Z5 i: X- u `3.8 Transient performance of CCVTs
& Z$ X5 g+ J0 k( _) A/ N7 E3.9 Electronic voltage transformers
) H0 W- @. i3 B# ^% N9 b2 q. O3.10 Summary
$ v4 h" ]- l: O: dProblems
& z7 i) j% r" K) u% c" ~$ P. Q, dReferences
' Q* b9 U- T. C: }5 h4 Nonpilot overcurrent protection of transmission lines
* ^9 A; k7 s9 @$ U! o4.1 Introduction
2 X' `7 b. ?- G0 X3 A c5 s8 a4.2 Fuses, sectionalizers, reclosers3 X7 l( A4 W' O
4.3 Inverse, time-delay overcurrent relays( T+ X' r( ^& m5 H* T
4.4 Instantaneous overcurrent relays6 B1 X F+ ^* f0 Y a. s1 N
4.5 Directional overcurrent relays
% ^: U1 }' A8 V; Y' _* Z7 a4 X4.6 Polarizing' U0 O0 x) J; K& R$ D
4.7 Summary
! {6 G2 o& E3 JProblems8 ?0 `8 [8 U" f/ [
References5 W2 x2 @; w* y& a |
5 Nonpilot distance protection of transmission lines7 N3 }/ M1 D* I0 D |3 C: j
5.1 Introduction$ q# Q9 c4 \6 m1 ] F% W
5.2 Stepped distance protection' {( ^ n% v. ]$ ]: ~; L+ v
5.3 R–X diagram( Q* C& E( U3 T% P d. h" u
5.4 Three-phase distance relays/ x3 R/ b" G' `, b
5.5 Distance relay types# o& s v$ f% P- b1 e- t$ b
5.6 Relay operation with zero voltage
# K( j7 T& |/ F7 m6 H0 v, s. n5.7 Polyphase relays
A/ k4 u( k# D! K5.8 Relays for multi-terminal lines
, Z u* z/ }# K1 _0 h) V5.9 Protection of parallel lines4 {' n' L, Q0 ~9 V
5.10 Effect of transmission line compensation devices/ v+ ^5 ~1 [- N6 u9 n
5.11 Loadability of relays
7 `: Z! O' A5 b6 z% G5.12 Summary
9 L% ]- f3 G f! i8 ]" l3 zProblems2 m" Y# i5 x/ _% e+ z( B' B" @: l
References
. s' m. R0 J6 [* T1 S+ |" t6 Pilot protection of transmission lines# [2 U1 a' A# @9 z
6.1 Introduction
9 L3 H1 y3 m" g2 W6.2 Communication channels: e# O( ?% h6 h0 O" ^1 O ?* u( m% L
6.3 Tripping versus blocking& u! R- H, c4 B& C" p, H) p# X
6.4 Directional comparison blocking$ K5 B. P: [2 f( C
6.5 Directional comparison unblocking; M& s7 a* Q3 R4 s- L5 k; a$ I- m
6.6 Underreaching transfer trip
" f0 A8 Q1 {7 c' _' D" q, |3 W. W3 c6.7 Permissive overreaching transfer trip
8 n1 Z) d; t" T+ R6.8 Permissive underreaching transfer trip
?8 k7 a v) L9 R0 ]3 J6.9 Phase comparison relaying/ \' ]- c& j0 i1 z5 X( c( i' A
6.10 Current differential
. _' @6 m1 l' ?: O0 \% N* M3 L. c7 r! O6.11 Pilot wire relaying. K1 J' h3 i9 f5 r# t0 y
6.12 Multi-terminal lines
# m- d# E0 Z* E% X6.13 Summary# p* a. `: z) T3 m
Problems% ^* e: `4 v' i. k
References: a4 k6 J! x1 |, N& t" i) o4 Y8 {3 y1 z3 `
7 Rotating machinery protection0 e/ _% `) e8 a4 D
7.1 Introduction' L8 R8 G z7 Q0 O; s
7.2 Stator faults& `' L6 `* A0 q: v' S4 T& @
7.3 Rotor faults
. o: h0 j6 f( ^: ~5 s' C% l3 u7.4 Unbalanced currents- `, g* I1 P& e: o' e7 ^9 t8 `$ D- A
7.5 Overload
4 `, ^+ F/ ~+ [4 p5 \7.6 Overspeed
% [6 v& f# O; _0 o- v5 F" S7.7 Abnormal voltages and frequencies
) |9 S9 x1 g# R9 ^# M' x8 C7.8 Loss of excitation
3 M6 B7 L0 D3 A* K( _* f4 j7.9 Loss of synchronism
9 `' {4 }8 |" A+ P- ^6 h7.10 Power plant auxiliary system8 E4 P0 C, N, m/ s. r) ?
7.11 Winding connections
3 z9 j$ q# U$ E7.12 Startup and motoring
T2 ?% p1 `3 J! ?; w1 a4 k1 U# H5 z7.13 Inadvertent energization
; W. t5 m- | d- n% o+ e7.14 Torsional vibration# R+ \% H, ]! @ v) ?1 ~
7.15 Sequential tripping% @! s: r+ q$ H2 }' \ c5 q
7.16 Summary+ U' R8 a9 z! X) t- C9 c: ]
Problems
/ Z9 N4 P. g7 R8 h. h' [: I0 oReferences
1 y7 P1 t) U) X, f# I, i8 Transformer protection
6 r& R! Z) `" i6 f3 r( t3 ?( X/ {8.1 Introduction
9 [( `# I+ Z3 }3 Y0 f i; o8.2 Overcurrent protection
4 [, F3 }' e% K9 H6 }* S2 z- V8.3 Percentage differential protection
0 k6 s* K: D: q+ {6 T" {8.4 Causes of false differential currents
, H" K, Z8 Y& v t8 q% T' J& e0 F8.5 Supervised differential relays; i9 c& k |# I
8.6 Three-phase transformer protection3 F( j9 F" {" t
8.7 Volts-per-hertz protection
* ~! ^ E3 E {8.8 Nonelectrical protection
) y# s3 c3 }: O7 J8.9 Protection systems for transformers1 N' {7 ~ r. S6 Y8 a
8.10 Summary, E7 v; _! `- |/ E3 n. _, A
Problems' X9 b9 \! N B& I7 c9 B8 s
References6 q5 \' r. }0 b8 Q# n
9 Bus, reactor and capacitor protection
. Q' n0 z* }8 P; j- E9.1 Introduction to bus protection+ _. W" I. o! [, L/ M$ t" z. ^
9.2 Overcurrent relays
+ U) |& K, W7 N# T' Q7 x# h9.3 Percentage differential relays8 \5 h( O1 H1 K! c' W. }% d9 i
9.4 High-impedance voltage relays2 v$ m" r6 B3 Y' R9 D& x9 Z
9.5 Moderately high impedance relay- K3 E% m7 R1 \* X
9.6 Linear couplers1 z+ ?# Z8 f6 J7 _! A5 G: D
9.7 Directional comparison
4 \$ R6 K# y3 u# G# [8 |9.8 Partial differential protection
% z' ~4 k/ S0 {. z7 O3 o4 B! K8 _4 d9.9 Introduction to shunt reactor protection
; j1 m# J: p0 j! s7 ^9.10 Dry-type reactors d8 G- G& q o
9.11 Oil-immersed reactors
) F/ `6 X( O% k5 w l" r9.12 Introduction to shunt capacitor bank protection; z; J2 M+ Z* p1 r- Q
9.13 Static var compensator protection
# ?4 P1 M. y! A. D0 C6 _: w0 |# L9.14 Static compensator( E( |9 q( T* O [6 u+ B% \7 A8 p2 A. T
9.15 Summary: h) M% G. a0 l! s" I* T' N
Problems
1 z' a6 l9 }/ _0 {References' O3 P! _3 I# o0 [
10 Power system phenomena and relaying considerations
7 u% ^% m" m: ~' q, y8 V10.1 Introduction
! m6 ~8 L0 v1 x- n10.2 Power system stability
* E) s: D' Q* `' H# @) S! E10.3 Steady-state stability
5 y( E b2 R/ N( c9 x10.4 Transient stability1 s% y& ^4 {9 d# c+ c
10.5 Voltage stability- V! O9 S% Z& {% L/ u
10.6 Dynamics of system frequency
( C, d4 D1 K u; }10.7 Series capacitors and reactors
. U6 i2 z& P4 p2 M2 z, X% Q10.8 Independent power producers2 o: w( ^/ [& ?) H0 f5 k3 U$ Q% L0 W
10.9 Islanding- `8 k, e, ^& j! w& _
10.10 Blackouts and restoration$ O0 N; Q/ [: P5 L+ \% ^
10.11 Summary
) }) V! h, q& Q3 w- |7 \) R; A0 c ZProblems
/ i$ u5 K& Y6 W" j v5 J/ K5 oReferences) a8 ` [& i; l o! I m4 _
11 Relaying for system performance }0 W M0 t9 _4 D7 P
11.1 Introduction
1 ]/ j1 v* C% M5 c11.2 System integrity protection schemes
9 x. b( C6 N! ~' v2 _& K11.3 Underfrequency load shedding2 [9 W$ G. o- p. s8 e9 i
11.4 Undervoltage load shedding
9 @6 H( ^; v* Q/ {11.5 Out-of-step relaying2 _( D+ {8 L( [& c( b9 |9 ]% q
11.6 Loss-of-field relaying( ^, B8 \4 T9 ~. _6 r* A9 |+ O4 n
11.7 Adaptive relaying
' x. A3 _' ~8 v6 ]# h; G' f11.8 Hidden failures, g* D) @; \8 [9 i
11.9 Distance relay polarizing
2 F2 W" N9 \6 L S9 G11.10 Summary+ w, I6 |; L* c) N9 c
Problems, W. c3 {+ T& J7 i
References
- ?( N4 p& M' ]4 }" V% U12 Switching schemes and procedures
% k+ e" Q2 R/ L* Z# O7 w12.1 Introduction& V' {6 x4 L9 J" V, y5 p
12.2 Relay testing
6 u& P; Q4 M' K. s12.3 Computer programs for relay setting0 ^2 |& D" ~! {1 m
12.4 Breaker failure relaying
! g8 n- ~; J! L- \$ ~12.5 Reclosing
4 j+ v9 U& f K" o9 D12.6 Single-phase operation
: B1 Z! i; j% N. z12.7 Summary
M, E, i; j' F9 N% ]References% H% E8 ^) x! C( o
13 Monitoring performance of power systems
2 _$ l3 c$ e. m1 s& ]5 G0 p% ~( _13.1 Introduction& U3 K, M4 {2 q# G) x/ `
13.2 Oscillograph analysis; `* g2 p/ W2 g- s5 M
13.3 Synchronized sampling1 O6 c2 P ^$ Y: _! w- O* j
13.4 Fault location7 B5 p( ^" E4 T; ]* D0 |& q
13.5 Alarms" _" T& {6 C- F+ A+ Q& h
13.6 COMTRADE and SYNCHROPHASOR standards- a# ]0 Z, {+ G! _
13.7 Summary$ E7 j6 _3 n3 t9 A( l
Problems
0 V u) i8 R; q* n* PReferences$ P J! U7 R C5 P# ]2 j( F
Appendix A: IEEE device numbers and functions
- f% J/ s* h3 C: c4 H4 H7 S, JAppendix B: Symmetrical components
4 X: K2 B+ P! K0 m& dAppendix C: Power equipment parameters
8 ~1 p0 G( E) p) `( F2 t! x$ ?Appendix D: Inverse time overcurrent relay characteristics
$ f, Y5 e& I. K, S) EIndex
G& ^" U9 }5 N0 ~- F `/ _
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