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1. Introduction# g7 p% q t: ^4 j; Y
Wind Energy Resources* H& N- X# D8 i7 j
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?$ i! Q7 o7 N2 d+ t
2. The Coriolis Force$ i. W/ b3 W5 I" y; W( V- B
3. Global Winds4 g! r1 z1 f$ \3 e
4. Geostrophic Wind
# B/ r2 \0 l; Z% r( t5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
9 z7 d0 r1 }' U( o1 a6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds, L3 \- |# l5 I, ^) ?' y
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
8 K- \- t: q3 L9 D$ T+ o8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind5 D0 x% D7 f" R) {( E
9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed: g* G( z" [4 d
10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
: a* V; m# q6 h: G5 w. j11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice0 m) ^! y3 O5 \0 W2 z/ o+ c0 h
12. The Wind Rose6 d: v2 x1 B$ j3 o2 Z
13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)
/ t' U- @3 r; u. B' Y14. Roughness and Wind Shear" u, g5 ~0 ^# P6 a5 P7 G
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
5 _( m3 M6 F8 Q" x% V16. Wind Shear and Escarpments
6 L* i; [/ T1 y; L% A1 t17. The Roughness Rose
' F6 f- W" \: \4 P# Z" o18. Wind Speed Variability. H4 z N3 v- s8 i( v; M- |7 K( q
19. Turbulence
R$ T' O' g1 x: |: S0 H1 B( f+ ~20. Wind Obstacles# [' U: D: H6 O
21. Wind Shade
7 \) R$ R7 a/ |' q9 d22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator- }5 d. {% ?$ a, k
23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
' K! L! ]$ ]4 Z24. Wake Effect
) [& s/ G9 ? _- b, T4 E1 O25. Park Effect" r; L' G0 D$ T& h! \
26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect" ~& t9 f1 I! F1 d5 a b7 ~
27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect4 m: ~# O. x( B7 y
28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site
7 P0 o7 I# H$ E29. Offshore Wind Conditions1 O# U$ w9 x6 I7 N/ Z8 {
30. Wind Map of Western Europe
9 }5 ~ O6 w. i N+ A$ H- V/ @0 o3 o31. Wind Map of Denmark
( A0 A6 j- Q$ {+ [2." E4 w0 `: H0 `' m8 k# F
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output, \7 N, q V" e. ~9 y! R/ \
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution
( I. k' Q2 ]# t% G2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape) b4 ]1 n, d0 ^7 j2 O; W- I+ _& G6 F
3.% D y4 k# W3 c
3, 4, or IE 4)% [% P, u: A, i: {: W: V9 k
3. The Average Bottle Fallacy& v; p% I$ Z& F k+ B5 Z
4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind& I/ d6 r7 B" h: r
5. Betz' Law3 ^$ j/ e4 i6 m6 S
6. Power Density Function
3 w. @, _& r! v6 M6 K4 v' a9 j7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine2 k D* u1 U$ X- P, @: ~& O: s
8. The Power Coefficient8 V4 _* z1 e7 M+ B! w% A
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
7 V8 S1 g9 L- G2 UWind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
4 X7 @. W0 e5 p: KIE 4)
$ A! T- a. R3 Y10.6 Y9 Z# C+ p! |/ T
11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine1 Y8 u4 J" R) x; \$ |
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?" [& _0 Q" F# e1 v! _7 {+ k1 s
1. Wind Turbine Components
' N& D9 B1 V& ~2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift: v* q1 C- ~' G0 x' D; \% V1 `
3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag6 p5 k' [+ {& N. `% L) A7 ]
4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions ^3 q7 O* l0 t
5. Rotor Aerodynamics! }% r% ]7 q$ y5 t2 e
6. Rotor Blades/ ?* C3 h& R1 w' R2 Q$ v
7. Power Control of Wind Turbines+ ?* S& D- y- T) {" C) `, d r
8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
; ~% e4 p- ?$ E' F9. Wind Turbine Towers* }* t" o, V0 |4 L5 M
10. Wind Turbine Generators
3 a; H$ [3 [! R/ O" z6 K11. Synchronous Generators s$ G" x; L* n& a S
12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed
+ f Z- a4 H$ s! S9 y% L5 I13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
5 O! j7 f! q: m6 k9 v2 n% B$ \14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles
0 V9 {" b* G' z7 h15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines( g- V# o0 P0 D5 B9 W# ?
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
" P, ~/ {9 s. l1 F0 V) ^+ d! l9 Z17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines4 ^4 M- {3 E& I
18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller( z" B! q1 Z8 f6 t# j5 c% b: A
19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
" b3 Y: n8 ]7 d2 x. h5 ?. n% N! B20. Size of Wind Turbines
1 s" I0 A+ \7 c7 U21. Wind Turbine Safety# {8 o2 k8 |8 m/ a- A
22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety2 ^2 Q, {: r) w4 V D: l- H
4.9 x3 N0 a# m! F9 B
Designing Wind Turbines/ S% M8 i8 M \8 p8 A a
1. Basic Load Considerations9 H/ ?" T+ Q, \
2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?. Z5 s% T) M' v; x( z' q- x, g
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?
6 ~* V" S" [8 X0 o4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?- n" t2 i6 ^! q( C4 B- o5 S
5. Optimising Wind Turbines, Y9 d2 U% K0 f; Z
6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines! h5 _. k) u" ^0 d. K" @# N
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines/ H4 Y; p# l! c6 U; y# ?
5.
1 Y+ I# {' L5 b! l& oManufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines5 C# `# H+ k5 H( g
Manufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama+ B7 M, p; X4 R4 P/ r
requires QuickTime plugin)1 C: f7 j3 j' e5 y
1.
# Z5 s! Q! f# K& M3 N+ C2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW
4 R: v2 s- b: n; e5 o; D1 M3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers
3 Z6 o# o1 D+ l; q. @1 H7 ^' V. f4. Welding Turbine Towers' q& T0 l7 K2 |( {( x, q4 Y* b
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers( U# }4 z" _8 Z: L. g: e h8 k. ^
6.- \+ m0 r; m$ `6 Y
Research and Development in Wind Energy
0 G! d4 {" F% u& m$ `: V. T7 Y. v1. Research and Development in Wind Energy3 N F' t* f( m8 s, Z% R: ]' x4 I
2. Offshore Wind Power Research
& F# X$ f v+ b6 A/ e. ~, i3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
3 e8 R6 ^) ?5 H# N5 U4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete& v" ]. F: B2 t9 K; }
5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel5 O% G- J/ f. V
6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile8 V: e6 K$ Y( p# t. Q
7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
% X% d6 ]% k1 ^* F7.
" g( d; R0 ]( t* FWind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
8 l9 W" `8 s8 g/ q/ u) j/ s+ N1. Wind Energy Variations
/ y: ^! \! G6 P* M& I( H2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy" q: |/ C( |* O# i7 y/ r: @
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues9 t+ Z o$ ]/ q1 j, Y( `: @
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks. s; z+ B' w" K- L8 v2 O# i
8.
5 F( ~: p) O5 P& j! J( ^Wind Energy and the Environment: q* h9 K7 ?) V& b) W' d& r: J
1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape
W* `4 X& C, \& Q! i P2. Sound from Wind Turbines
. D2 w9 ~; p, ?( {8 M3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels
4 p K' F, y8 y7 x) l3 a# g* R+ |4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
) W) y. b& D2 C- BWind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or* i4 @# x7 ~2 X' l) c1 u9 I
IE 4)
' q2 e( M5 ~ R7 O3 ]7 U* N5.
/ p' `1 a- n3 w8 W0 `3 @' k5 p6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines
7 y7 d r$ |8 r, n1 H( o+ B7. Birds and Wind Turbines9 c) h% A: b& a7 R! E7 o
8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
; Y, \9 l( D1 n3 H3 t9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines
N# M) a; M7 G! F& f, q1 B( h7 b7 ]10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines. |" }1 X* J1 l5 N" [
11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines( Z* D. o! O: ] h
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines
& d5 o7 }* z T13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator
! R6 W: L6 s! C" u. }; _# i+ |Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or0 v' i/ J4 R# a8 ~& ?$ f, A
IE 4)
9 g! x4 f+ ]! ?$ M- P14.* E1 o1 v. m Y: D
9.
# M/ V$ _0 t- H6 r2 BWind Energy Economics
% i5 R2 _5 {7 K* m. a8 O1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
2 z. E# [* t& u- A2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines' {" z# V6 V" X# f
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs
2 G' O& c9 V0 L4 ~; Z! t4. Income from Wind Turbines2 r# ^. |! u* D1 H$ t
5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs
4 J6 Q$ D+ u* T8 u6. Basic Economics of Investment
5 y. E* d$ R! |* D! D7. Wind Energy Economics6 B2 J E4 |+ v( R
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator
5 b% q/ o8 y' f+ a0 v8 }% eWind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,
& Q3 n/ K# y# U$ @or IE 4)5 U. M1 l) b" \' C
9.
1 o0 M& p' v$ S, S10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
- H( o3 _& T1 Q: R- I4 q8 O6 x11. Wind Energy and Employment
1 h1 Q7 X! C2 w: N' o! o/ O8 A10.
& {. e- G/ d, A: pModern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)/ Y" I! i7 I: }, W# n" L
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour
% U7 Z# P6 v, P: `' h5 ]( D2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950+ v; ~7 O2 W" a1 ]# c5 K
3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine! _1 k6 ^3 Y- I0 K) N4 z, C
4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s% P- x2 ^" {* w% g' F0 G$ H/ a. X
5. The California Wind Rush4 P e: u' T, `" G
11.
+ Y$ V) t7 v. F( g% ~, k6. Modern Wind Turbines
3 h7 d5 S. i1 r8 g7. Offshore Wind Turbines! c* ^# m8 W$ w' T1 |( A8 l/ X
8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
& w& o2 V, n8 G1 E( X4 F# h9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines/ Y$ m" t8 c3 z/ p
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09