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1. Introduction2 E3 F) t/ a3 T% ?; V$ Y' T
Wind Energy Resources9 g& t+ ~9 E! M
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?# @ u. i% M( r" m! o9 D0 T$ D$ B
2. The Coriolis Force
# F, d/ d: r, y3 h- R+ p3. Global Winds
3 N( a* n/ e. i; P0 Z) ? v4 Q4. Geostrophic Wind$ W5 e- W1 ]5 ?# e9 S' B
5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes0 v& u$ I( N0 g [) c/ w
6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds
2 I5 k$ a) \" K: y2 b7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area2 j6 g8 b& }3 d
8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind0 H5 b0 W6 |9 F' Z& n% y7 A7 b
9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed
/ J3 _; v9 L+ _ `6 K" e10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
) |- Q6 j, @. \# s5 u) }# o1 D8 d11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice
" x3 Q) s9 ]1 V: w) ?7 R1 e12. The Wind Rose
# O# `" G9 h6 L0 ]/ D13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)
' t% r/ s& N# p% ?1 w6 P14. Roughness and Wind Shear: \4 G0 z- B+ {1 @0 A7 Q: i
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
9 S1 \# D/ D! y6 }4 |; ]16. Wind Shear and Escarpments
/ S$ W; _4 }5 g# P3 A17. The Roughness Rose# e. f" @# D$ @! N) q2 n, |* f
18. Wind Speed Variability
$ n K! a! x G4 \! B19. Turbulence
# p- z6 h6 J q20. Wind Obstacles
( H0 N* O8 T* Z/ L21. Wind Shade
( s+ R, Y! V6 E22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator
9 n0 x3 Q, u: P0 o) _* ]23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
3 I$ R% B% t/ b& H2 n) c- R24. Wake Effect- }9 \1 n% I4 i7 Z/ h' f9 K% `( ~# o
25. Park Effect; m) a+ ~" B; p! Q
26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect1 u J4 o( b. m" r# p$ {* l: O, b
27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect& F: h' s4 E8 I M# h
28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site
! ]( M: x1 c7 V6 i+ n6 ~29. Offshore Wind Conditions" l8 s3 c/ ^+ N0 R- f! Z
30. Wind Map of Western Europe9 h2 k; u2 Q, z( v
31. Wind Map of Denmark
; A6 t- z/ [3 |# z& L2 h2.
" y8 n$ A5 c: IComputing Wind Turbine Energy Output1 u1 _% L0 g9 L5 H, K" J) l; I
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution
% [5 S& t; g8 Z2 P, o' m0 S2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape
# d6 W( f- F' L$ {+ E3.
L* z1 V3 m) O2 ?! Y- M5 \3, 4, or IE 4)
& e k2 g) M$ h" b. o5 g$ S! [0 s3. The Average Bottle Fallacy# R# l4 b0 T8 [9 L; D4 ?
4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind; a: `/ w* |: q
5. Betz' Law
$ f/ ^& Y. Q3 J6. Power Density Function
2 ^8 Z9 C8 i" P9 V: o5 F0 c$ Y7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine$ b0 t- Z0 ~7 l: L
8. The Power Coefficient+ \% c0 u# Z# n
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator
9 l: \ r% `3 Q1 W5 e$ Y( |# [Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
7 ?, p' x6 x, M& ^7 l+ Z) E6 tIE 4)' I9 D) B6 N. O4 n: A M
10.
$ w* F$ V2 |6 _( r4 a' F11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine
! N4 q- L# z2 t) G$ Y5 U' E& RHow Does a Wind Turbine Work?
, {/ C4 a$ B5 B' b1. Wind Turbine Components n0 l4 h: y! O% F( F7 f
2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
& {( \# M" O1 m' q, I# y3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag
6 o. J+ L: j, w7 p, G: c4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions, q5 R- F G& Q8 R
5. Rotor Aerodynamics' T3 L5 B' U+ @# M, w! X1 e
6. Rotor Blades8 f4 w0 G4 d1 V% i J1 _3 [
7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
* k4 q4 q2 `( h/ V8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
. c8 @5 t# G& Y+ b9. Wind Turbine Towers; L" }' J5 r: r0 K* b
10. Wind Turbine Generators
|- L& h, m( a3 f; S( o P0 O11. Synchronous Generators- w6 P. w* x0 L3 E! Q1 P3 a
12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed
* ~- l9 q6 k: z/ A/ v6 v13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
+ T% N1 F. F4 h$ L, f7 n) V14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles/ D. F$ w8 E1 z; }/ J7 }
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines
% d' G% A6 ^9 N4 r: P6 m- ^16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines2 [ y# Y$ L4 J7 }+ R/ S' Q) A
17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines0 p( m; \! L! f0 |) h' L
18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
' J/ Z5 x8 T0 r8 W: U1 d- b19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
; X- `2 m( C* u20. Size of Wind Turbines
# m3 g9 Y3 d5 y21. Wind Turbine Safety `8 T/ q' J* k E# C% r9 N
22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety
2 ^1 y! V$ D) K- m4.
! ?3 j4 T0 P3 r% NDesigning Wind Turbines
# m- J: A5 j6 R% c1. Basic Load Considerations
+ h. f, b2 l" x; J/ R! W2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines? r( m! r& k+ n3 H6 t( w7 a
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?- i$ s$ o; _( f! x0 Q. T
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?
/ J' |( }$ |4 }" T5. Optimising Wind Turbines4 B1 P# W3 E6 t5 W* M; Z
6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines
5 T: d+ |' Q: D0 A# e. ?8 v7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines- y/ b, G$ q/ k% b
5.% i6 C5 \" a" d) v X. u f0 ~
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines
6 p% S# i( Y5 k/ g: zManufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama' |# I( i3 Z8 S: a7 ^
requires QuickTime plugin)/ {, }5 m, K, f( D2 M
1.* `( U" t) ?; h, ~, x7 m5 N% A
2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW
. b! k0 m0 N4 g7 b- c. Q0 e$ W3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers A; ?3 s1 h E
4. Welding Turbine Towers
& ^* W, Q" S6 U# t* w8 m: t5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers
/ P- q* ?2 ]1 \3 Q7 L4 a6.. z# J& Y0 q) E' _6 T: t4 |' |
Research and Development in Wind Energy
/ O/ D% P* V) S& H; W0 q8 g1. Research and Development in Wind Energy
5 G8 b ^& }; A2 B2. Offshore Wind Power Research
3 t! T; P2 f9 ?" h" L1 Q3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
, z, M D: N+ F+ W& @% e8 l4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
5 f& c0 Z) p9 P( z5 }5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
1 |9 S3 l# ]( c% E& S" D6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile
# _$ K9 p2 y# k7 J. \* e" Y7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
. r" L3 B0 b: c2 F% C, ~" g8 c7.
" D; t/ _5 A+ \Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
& H# K% _7 p( s/ \1. Wind Energy Variations3 z9 i3 w2 h# A0 ?! N- {; W
2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy/ g" k: H% j9 r
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues+ `0 _5 ` o& `( G: k& B
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks" x2 c2 |! Y7 ]7 F
8.$ e3 H( i. b& ^6 k
Wind Energy and the Environment
: ?! H+ M$ w) O. b+ y1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape# }6 Q% P9 u6 }4 {7 I
2. Sound from Wind Turbines5 O) V- D* p' z% \( E) g. B2 E3 G' J
3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels A8 d/ J3 [' t" S! N% \; j
4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)* f6 m+ J, V. i$ }. }: X N
Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or4 U6 x* \& V& L% j
IE 4)8 n7 R" R4 }5 u" ~
5.+ j& F9 Z0 b6 o8 ~
6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines
" `: b m* C$ K( m: N/ U7. Birds and Wind Turbines
4 [# s4 \. y; s) W, b8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
3 e, c; W9 Q* z1 [9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines1 n6 O( W9 [% R' d+ B0 v
10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines3 y; Y. K0 F4 [5 |3 I' P# Q4 o8 h' o
11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines
3 h" g3 n- Q: f+ m12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines. B& z$ g; u: W. X* \: f/ r0 P
13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator
0 z9 ^7 F1 i: X! |! ^% O" fWind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
. X% _# T9 q& F2 G- k$ o2 vIE 4)
* g, g8 R; p a0 z0 j8 F$ J7 a14.
4 m% J6 ]1 g0 M9.
+ d8 t r5 V9 C2 u u# A. FWind Energy Economics8 V/ S4 ^% V# L; [5 o9 W7 w
1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
6 r1 \/ t: `, l, X' c2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines$ f, `. X8 [6 B$ r5 B9 Z
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs
/ ?9 ?" F6 O! t8 ?& a4. Income from Wind Turbines# P! n# o1 a: Y" _, Y
5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs
+ W0 j7 Y8 n: B9 ]& I4 \/ N6. Basic Economics of Investment
4 }, z& `7 b: j2 h+ R# G5 l; g7. Wind Energy Economics1 j1 `/ k. H v2 F* ?
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator
' H6 y6 w, i% O# I- }2 qWind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,4 c2 i5 S4 s6 o3 a/ f+ O! V% j5 A
or IE 4)9 N* V- C% i: y& W
9.1 e! l8 M& f' P) x0 V6 I$ y* }5 ]3 M
10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy; [0 S' N ~9 F1 b4 v
11. Wind Energy and Employment9 P/ e2 z- ] h* T/ O
10.1 j0 [+ O1 \7 n2 [ `
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)6 Z2 B% Z) N" x, }
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour' x) K+ P G& f- ^6 Q& U0 a/ e) { [
2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950: h# N& x5 o# f9 g
3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine
" R8 r- }( g7 K8 ]' l6 S4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s" ^# n) | q- ]' C2 v( a! a& ]" o2 i
5. The California Wind Rush
. W2 D2 x& `( q: l11.: l. k: `' h# a# n6 B8 y5 {& f
6. Modern Wind Turbines0 C: z. ~) K2 q7 K
7. Offshore Wind Turbines3 r; T* B: x- ]
8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines+ m# H6 y! [& K
9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines
5 B7 P) y# b$ l5 V& U# E6 K4 I+ g. X3 |6 N
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
(1.67 MB, 下载次数: 25)
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09