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发表于 2009-4-24 09:33:08
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来自: 中国黑龙江佳木斯
修改后《Crystals and Crystal Structures》[PDF+书签] Tilley
《Crystals and Crystal Structures》[PDF+书签] Tilley0 } C& t& ]; P" `
Contents6 a" Z9 w5 J7 e ]. [2 h
Preface1 C8 D6 i2 q+ o, P7 o# d: ^! N& c
1 Crystals and crystal structures7 ~3 @2 ~# G" _3 F' k
1.1 Crystal families and crystal systems
$ T) K1 I) n. a5 l5 k& A% J2 Q' A- O1.2 Morphology and crystal classes7 s8 ^: B4 o, L. m
1.3 The determination of crystal structures
- M7 I$ v' h6 |9 ~7 G8 Q) g1.4 The description of crystal structures# p% m6 i/ s+ a" Z
1.5 The cubic close-packed (A1) structure of copper2 c7 I' z; z" `$ T/ X
1.6 The body-centred cubic (A2) structure of tungsten5 @& _1 _! N, Z# }& L
1.7 The hexagonal (A3) structure of magnesium- [2 Y& N0 t! U1 F' R! z8 b1 t! j) J1 f
1.8 The halite structure
9 v j: z% ~9 E& n1.9 The rutile structure
. N* s: e* l$ L0 ^ g1.10 The fluorite structure/ }6 n, P% x6 _) c! G+ u
1.11 The structure of urea
: s8 @/ F$ {) O7 Y; F6 a1.12 The density of a crystal
$ X5 L6 O m( B T) tAnswers to introductory questions
1 D: m8 z) [& H" gProblems and exercises+ `3 O/ i+ U6 y1 h) M0 k, ~# N$ z6 ]3 ~; i
2 Lattices, planes and directions
" J1 D0 B% X2 c# ~2.1 Two-dimensional lattices
' R, k% _# c; p0 E" s& |6 ^- ?. ^$ z2.2 Unit cells
# \! X s/ Q+ d1 M2 Q j& `2.3 The reciprocal lattice in two dimensions
+ [5 B/ d3 S# c) z5 d. p* e; u2.4 Three-dimensional lattices
% C2 U/ W. }, K y U& r5 g2.5 Alternative unit cells
8 n+ E$ I/ b$ v$ L( V2.6 The reciprocal lattice in three dimensions: T; m2 v: ^4 `6 [
2.7 Lattice planes and Miller indices
) N l: M( u" l7 g6 P, h2.8 Hexagonal lattices and Miller-Bravais indices3 D, i: ?7 W4 K2 A# q. {
2.9 Miller indices and planes in crystals' G' k- [3 `$ O
2.10 Directions2 B B8 u* h5 _: M: m' z' K
2.11 Lattice geometry M. y. X, t" j, E( ~
Answers to introductory questions
9 t" d/ Q1 s4 y \/ KProblems and exercises
' z" w4 @2 j2 ? h) L: C+ N' L2 R3 Two-dimensional patterns and tiling
. T6 C: e3 S/ y) X! n9 y( D. M3.1 The symmetry of an isolated shape: point symmetry
: l4 r/ L" h4 H+ _8 M* I3.2 Rotation symmetry of a plane lattice
2 C( ?, c6 U. B8 U3.3 The symmetry of the plane lattices( q8 t+ v( Q6 s9 B
3.4 The ten plane crystallographic point symmetry groups, I# ^' T X- V; P% p* t
3.5 The symmetry of patterns: the 17 plane groups
+ z4 A$ F e. o* ~7 M( D/ w( w3.6 Two-dimensional ‘crystal structures’
* t4 N2 M4 ?8 o3.7 General and special positions
( k) K3 h) K' J4 l1 w t3.8 Tesselations/ u# l1 G# `" H* T, M* V/ Q. Z
Answers to introductory questions+ L* M6 \% A' l+ B; ^: }
Problems and exercises' p3 v a0 l! l: L& C, |4 b% ]
4 Symmetry in three dimensions) P& v% }! O# g$ ^) W+ M$ k
4.1 The symmetry of an object: point symmetry9 _% ?5 u" U( U' t/ f1 V
4.2 Axes of inversion: rotoinversion* j; s% W [& E7 c$ }, s0 F: O
4.3 Axes of inversion: rotoreflection! E2 R' G7 {0 G
4.4 The Hermann-Mauguin symbols for point groups9 n* H# Y ^6 p0 o4 _ t% `; g
4.5 The symmetry of the Bravais lattices
0 X& }- J s# z! T4.6 The crystallographic point groups
, U3 |+ h3 R' ?( ] Z4 W6 G! T4.7 Point groups and physical properties9 A- w) [$ [$ a% Z
4.8 Dielectric properties/ C& V# i8 D' [( P7 N' q5 c6 N+ X5 p
4.9 Refractive index
( j7 O' `7 X* l3 X9 q \4.10 Optical activity
8 B: w, s; s7 R9 A& Y% _4.11 Chiral molecules6 p( h; D* T! F: k4 A" T' M% A) f% e
4.12 Second harmonic generation
7 D3 m" _6 o0 z! L2 F! X4.13 Magnetic point groups and colour symmetry2 c, @, |8 N, R" L1 @, p! X
Answers to introductory questions1 l; l F( f# w; I" W
Problems and exercises( _& m1 t: A+ W& S/ I. L y! d
5 Building crystal structures from lattices and space groups& H0 r5 I8 c2 C' M( z, F. S+ y
5.1 Symmetry of three-dimensional patterns: space groups, H- e- L: w8 O0 V6 L
5.2 The crystallographic space groups- }. V1 k+ I- D4 ~# ~( f
5.3 Space group symmetry symbols! R2 f) A8 \4 ]
5.4 The graphical representation of the space groups
* P u4 t; w# B1 r0 \6 w# c7 j8 v5.5 Building a structure from a space group& @! I2 y! `$ R& \" |
5.6 The structure of diopside, CaMgSi2O6
" m6 t* W& q1 @3 ]5.7 The structure of alanine, C3H7NO2& W7 i& }. J& q, M+ [) h4 w
Answers to introductory questions
9 n6 V2 |+ G' ~: S6 G% qProblems and exercises' P9 j; z9 m* R6 G/ b' ~
6
5 }/ q0 N. k% L; j6 QDiffraction and crystal structures
0 _1 H( ~# H6 D6 y! w2 h6.1 The position of diffracted beams: Bragg’s law
$ Q2 P8 G) ^3 r) _7 m0 j: ~6.2 The geometry of the diffraction pattern5 l! o R# f" K8 |+ V1 i7 K4 ~7 _
6.3 Particle size5 W+ L9 f* f- H u; B9 Q% v% m
6.4 The intensities of diffracted beams
( m, { L5 |- B# o/ f) B6.5 The atomic scattering factor( K6 l ]1 r" d( I, }0 k9 [* E
6.6 The structure factor' e& v4 @3 O3 s6 n3 l- I W
6.7 Structure factors and intensities4 Z! H4 a2 q( X1 H5 N
6.8 Numerical evaluation of structure factors) L+ A8 p3 f3 E$ C m1 m; K; f
6.9 Symmetry and reflection intensities
3 b8 f/ q4 y6 v% \6.10 The temperature factor
$ W, U7 U5 E* h# B5 Q6.11 Powder X-ray diffraction
5 A6 P' M) q& I* R6.12 Electron microscopy and structure images! b( Z' J0 a: ] B0 ?% B z& D
6.13 Structure determination using X-ray diffraction
5 M. `% y/ X$ h) S8 H6.14 Neutron diffraction/ ~! K: C; h/ U. S8 q
6.15 Protein crystallography2 Z$ p- N, C% B0 x
6.16 Solving the phase problem B! M% e5 h# R' W9 F" Y
6.17 Photonic crystals. L0 N- |) x5 H/ E+ `5 F7 v
Answers to introductory questions
: k- I7 {7 |" ?Problems and exercises( ^$ h+ Z: a' M1 w/ b E* u
7 The depiction of crystal structures2 x* `9 T& _7 Q/ w
7.1 The size of atoms' ?& f- ^- v6 f6 L6 j
7.2 Sphere packing
& ]+ n" O! a3 T# \7.3 Metallic radii
- L9 m1 Y7 b' P5 e7.4 Ionic radii
; x3 a0 h. F, T3 h4 K7.5 Covalent radii
# g! r$ t2 W0 c4 V" }5 C* \5 W7.6 Van der Waals radii6 F! A' \% s# ~/ G2 o% ]
7.7 Ionic structures and structure building rules
( k5 h% w% s" K- q0 t7.8 The bond valence model2 c+ S: W% @/ ]8 i
7.9 Structures in terms of non-metal (anion) packing. {. t/ Z9 f6 Q( ^" Z
7.10 Structures in terms of metal (cation) packing/ n3 p2 ?7 l& P P. {/ U
7.11 Cation-centred polyhedral representations of crystals
" z! l& _& E, K7 I, q6 U7 t3 r1 t7.12 Anion-centred polyhedral representations of crystals
8 b' p5 V2 D, d+ _/ l2 m7.13 Structures as nets: _0 \* f8 \/ O8 Z L9 E
7.14 The depiction of organic structures
: D' ^4 P0 w( m0 q' P4 p7.15 The representation of protein structures
/ L2 M9 |7 Z3 FAnswers to introductory questions
* O [$ e3 i1 sProblems and exercises; Y1 a* Y; n* I& D( m" n l
8 Defects, modulated structures and quasicrystals
! f, M5 F( t4 a8.1 Defects and occupancy factors
% ^; ~, D" b& g. H8.2 Defects and unit cell parameters' V5 D* |) U# x* w/ p& b6 F1 H. U4 A
8.3 Defects and density0 ]: |( S9 g. |% k
8.4 Modular structures9 l- `$ H# C/ P; o$ S7 e( ]( b/ [
8.5 Polytypes; Z! j7 @* W! l6 H: ~4 u" ~9 K
8.6 Crystallographic shear phases9 N2 ^4 ?7 h. p, T
8.7 Planar intergrowths and polysomes
$ V& l+ T+ n- u) |8.8 Incommensurately modulated structures# g5 u! I w! _: p; l r
8.9 Quasicrystals- k# O% n6 L4 e, M$ p* c; Q
Answers to introductory questions
& S( b( Z( F" M$ {Problems and exercises
$ G2 b$ g$ \# Q3 x; XAppendices
; y! _1 C2 O! U a5 sAppendix 1 Vector addition and subtraction
D+ E: j: `, h F$ Z& OAppendix 2 Data for some inorganic crystal structures j- p) r) k3 L3 F' P! C! u
Appendix 3 Schoenflies symbols1 {0 r9 X' x+ D, k# {. d
Appendix 4 The 230 space groups4 W! r% `$ R% r) w5 E3 w
Appendix 5 Complex numbers
4 i$ i9 O% ^- f/ ]6 ZAppendix 6 Complex amplitudes" [# {9 k! J" b7 D, G
Answers to problems and exercises: S" E+ q0 k$ z: V5 m# a
Bibliography
' @& V- q4 T; A" n) OFormula index% }' h7 ^; V1 e7 D6 _( h9 y
Subject index
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