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1. Introduction- h3 i% L' F! Y* e. m, b; R: a
Wind Energy Resources# b5 y; {4 }) k* C
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?' H, _+ j+ w( b$ O/ |5 E+ y
2. The Coriolis Force
3 c' }! L T& G9 v$ q+ X3. Global Winds
9 S8 ]& _, F8 @: ?( l( J! t4. Geostrophic Wind
' I$ w) y% r; W7 M( }5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
5 g: V6 R9 z! [+ q7 }6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds' L% q7 A$ A- i+ \' h
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area; ]! a( R* B" K' @* V
8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind
/ F8 r% K1 Y. i, k9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed
1 e; P+ j* Q- g0 q1 P10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
# r5 Y8 `; i+ [7 [11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice
$ r: N6 x4 {( ?8 k12. The Wind Rose
0 \0 _: {. X# {" v9 y! d13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4). M' N+ D! a( w1 A ^2 f
14. Roughness and Wind Shear/ ]' M7 c/ ]0 ?
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
- b" }0 P: y, s! `3 c" G" _16. Wind Shear and Escarpments* q+ J2 y ~2 q4 U% B0 z1 Q
17. The Roughness Rose
0 g7 I# v2 m$ ~& Y) v+ M3 _18. Wind Speed Variability
% U) A; n E8 W' N2 T% l19. Turbulence
$ k" ~5 F. x/ z4 U1 d5 M$ T, j20. Wind Obstacles
6 S" W, F1 i5 \8 T$ K; B( F21. Wind Shade( B( ?6 A& w# b7 @$ Z4 Y5 t
22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator
4 ^6 ?! C u8 y23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)1 Z$ ?$ M/ B7 _
24. Wake Effect
, I2 Y* A! }' P/ H25. Park Effect1 p( ^) [8 [6 N3 m+ q
26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
1 N2 u8 {* j. R6 h27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
4 U3 e. v) A; J28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site* l# j: @5 ]+ Y1 e* i$ k, T
29. Offshore Wind Conditions
7 ]4 {6 Z# c7 I- W3 k7 b30. Wind Map of Western Europe( Y' ] W' M Q5 N7 p. j9 {0 Q
31. Wind Map of Denmark3 Y9 L% _5 L) _+ z( W0 ~/ _9 {' s
2.* k1 s. S4 j3 V/ l" e; W$ u
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output
V! Z/ x: v0 ~1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution
8 N' i1 S) z; z3 [2 P( Q2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape
# T" B, u+ [+ G& v* F3 K" _3.
2 D2 a' K" m4 z* k1 @( N b3, 4, or IE 4)
& q; }. h& J- f+ [% x) V3. The Average Bottle Fallacy
, [$ a3 ]) c( ~0 I* F: G& V8 w4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind
( W0 A9 X+ r- u; |' `/ X: ~5. Betz' Law
* a( Q' c" \, \: l! ?# k( ~6. Power Density Function
# B+ d% {$ \7 c! }* w9 R7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine
3 z/ E2 ?# L9 ], K4 _6 @8. The Power Coefficient5 ]& }& E& w4 O9 W/ K. U7 S4 @
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator! o4 }0 o9 i4 b0 d' U6 }
Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or8 l; y i# S! F2 c
IE 4)& D+ M1 L5 U' ^$ ~
10.
9 T' [+ E! |/ }" I1 Y% H11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine
8 P! z' K* S+ J' i; THow Does a Wind Turbine Work?% C2 _$ ]8 k v/ n8 R: ]+ y# A
1. Wind Turbine Components3 X9 i( ]% }+ k, e1 o" I* B3 E
2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
" q t, w3 |4 Q4 F/ v# F1 ]; P3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag1 \* @& n' c+ I1 E5 g( v9 R
4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions
7 E. |- n7 i* K, l5. Rotor Aerodynamics
! Q m7 Q6 b) ]7 ^6. Rotor Blades7 v' E2 }" \3 @# C
7. Power Control of Wind Turbines/ F. E( R) C9 c* P/ o( T
8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
% v5 y4 h+ V# a/ G6 g- g; o9. Wind Turbine Towers5 J( H3 Z4 Q. `$ Q+ a
10. Wind Turbine Generators
6 t+ Y! [8 u; b1 G11. Synchronous Generators
7 O8 y. Y `" }( L: C' Q7 h12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed
- V$ t% R: H& Q9 k5 R, n8 _13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
. d" u% ]; U2 T# l14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles
4 a$ b/ t5 l1 b: y; n+ P, F7 T3 A15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines
% t4 b& x/ i n' c2 A3 y. H16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
; j6 w( C1 O: ?/ }/ K. x7 I E0 \17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines( H4 z" m+ ^7 L
18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
' ]+ d9 L o5 ]9 k j4 z8 p19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
# A. g7 W. n1 L/ s+ w( G6 K20. Size of Wind Turbines; }) r; u0 V2 H1 J) q9 J0 w! q* l3 ~
21. Wind Turbine Safety$ x2 [' b; J) }8 C
22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety
# e+ z. e" l! B8 T0 j# a4.; k7 r1 J* Q$ G/ N7 {/ C
Designing Wind Turbines% n% T- e6 j. m1 M
1. Basic Load Considerations
# p: z: n+ ~8 H( x# P. Z; B2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?0 T. P% [6 ?' U* A4 V. z' ~) l
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?
& }3 \* P1 y [; n3 r3 }% d+ E4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?
8 q1 N) D3 z5 C4 D6 _5. Optimising Wind Turbines1 V; p1 w- e) s8 \ t# t$ m
6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines
4 X: [4 X* p. r& o2 V8 x5 Z7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines, O/ m% ]8 w7 Y! h9 F6 u7 K
5.6 L) G4 A0 N' M$ X( l# i
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines
) j( f+ Q& Z0 A; qManufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama% v! m1 M% _. d, ~% w
requires QuickTime plugin); J6 V+ q" \9 L
1.$ n' B' j3 n, F) U
2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW
Q* J! [) ]* Y3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers1 E( U$ d( _# T5 @
4. Welding Turbine Towers2 v$ ?. A! d; N
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers: P0 j0 o4 [: w+ t2 k+ B3 o* q
6.. c' R( s" w3 q0 `
Research and Development in Wind Energy
, g8 F2 c' S2 C! d' [( I! `. K1. Research and Development in Wind Energy
& R/ y# n# a' l1 A2. Offshore Wind Power Research
0 G, O' a* H0 t* v |5 _+ t3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
( D8 o( }+ Z* l+ k/ U4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
3 b( ] b" p2 K: _4 F6 I1 V5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
+ S9 B" ?! p6 z7 w4 L3 e$ Q y6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile+ D3 z" ~( r) `- {! E
7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
* b# G9 ?1 m4 f/ V7.1 z0 y# R3 d d9 s% l
Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid! F( y9 m2 [5 ]3 r8 u! i
1. Wind Energy Variations
, b$ y* ^! [1 Q! O# l2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy; w7 U) r: N8 d/ q# W
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues
8 V. z7 Z7 B ~& v2 s4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks8 b# U0 M$ Q, H+ Z
8.) Z- o3 R( w |9 i3 N5 d! n
Wind Energy and the Environment$ Y7 {- ^8 M# L0 J f% D8 X2 t$ B: {
1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape
2 H, _, p S b4 l- W3 R# l5 r2. Sound from Wind Turbines, G2 E( Y& k5 {' e \* G
3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels3 t V& J* g2 ~' P0 E C0 s
4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
" @1 |0 Q. f3 Z6 y7 }3 j! C; ]: LWind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
. ~' a& J0 t1 P# V3 u9 fIE 4)/ l" ^: u0 i" K- O7 i8 R+ K8 i
5.
5 T# m; t5 t0 X9 |6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines: S4 \$ B0 x: R1 x
7. Birds and Wind Turbines& P+ ~6 Q- `( y6 j
8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines. U5 A0 {) J$ U, }+ D9 Y
9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines4 B. L- W& f$ b, J
10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines
|% M2 ?: X. k; K7 o2 {! L11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines2 B) P' O( y2 c* P
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines
' l: l+ r* d x% O2 \$ A+ x13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator. p* p2 K# t' g
Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
* D% h/ ^1 \! |3 h% IIE 4), f" b$ u* z7 W# N; f% |. x3 q
14./ K- f2 W9 `; D: S6 X7 v/ h5 N# N
9.7 J$ v+ T! J, T. J: @$ m
Wind Energy Economics+ c( ~2 h( |2 N% O H
1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?4 k5 e1 U' ?) B4 E
2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines
) T" w$ c T' n- I3. Operation and Maintenance Costs: e) P/ ~5 I8 q: I
4. Income from Wind Turbines' i: x$ u& |( ~
5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs
& @% X Z: G1 P; [8 G1 b1 n# p$ m1 @. D6. Basic Economics of Investment6 M, x5 H. k8 l) t! u6 Q1 v
7. Wind Energy Economics6 p) H$ X. Z1 [7 N9 L$ N* j
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator0 D7 d3 {% k# I! I, P% a
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,
7 Y) v) X5 B& cor IE 4), U" L+ s5 U/ p w8 x6 m7 @6 U$ `
9.
9 g. _- X- b0 y& ?; X1 B10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
@% j' @8 p+ ]6 o8 n* X4 V6 n11. Wind Energy and Employment
$ H- d; {; h8 L5 G7 r- l! A( R10., j. o5 L8 Z- ~0 t% t
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)
$ Y2 A4 f; b' i8 j1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour
7 N8 [5 x, `+ s( _; q& Q% i) `+ |2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950
% |. M3 ~ z2 Y. O7 y3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine
8 p4 d2 d0 H3 y% f4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s
/ V5 E% A# t4 H3 }# ~9 p5. The California Wind Rush4 G6 G+ X# a1 k1 ]1 O# o+ P* q
11.3 n* e: `; g. `+ e) ~1 ~
6. Modern Wind Turbines
# w0 p1 I* D8 K3 O2 X( x' M+ ?7. Offshore Wind Turbines
2 q# i' X) c H$ H* i( h: ~8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
% s* e+ x' x1 r% {9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines
3 ^5 N- X: F. G+ F6 q$ o
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
(1.67 MB, 下载次数: 25)
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09