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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
+ a1 R2 z$ R3 n. `8 O6 ]/ _1 ?. n1 {% E& ?
3 n: n6 }6 r; }" s* \$ v
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
. V; c$ Y) f1 j0 z1 B0 O1 i8 }4 g% `/ P* W- s4 S% ]3 n

5 c: A" ~. D# {$ J* X此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
! S, i4 A$ |+ @: q. f) B4 K9 o5 l! |+ W0 i  `
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。) E- _5 D1 B. h5 n( B
8 I$ X2 h# O! [" d  U
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
4 f# P; ]% Y+ B2 e国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

* X- i, S( |( M7 w1 o国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
* P3 W0 i5 z% V: \) h0 I3 |我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。! D% y" M. R  |
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
; Z- X3 n# P& l! m$ lhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。' _, X8 J0 `8 E2 r' s0 t" y8 |) D

' H4 V! y6 f& x& q; Y- z! V( S$ z工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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8 |9 o* f+ A0 [! C8 U[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!( M$ B& v% w7 F6 b' J; U
经常见到的文件有以下几种:0 x) q; \3 J, d
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
) d& f5 k  ^; H2 _$ @那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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. o& S6 ^4 z. i: Q4 NINDEX
1 w$ a- _2 d% n' n2 ?; o9 a1.0 SCOPE. 4 r5 W* g, L1 S( A8 r. q5 {( j* q0 z
1.1 General. 6 x$ f! o" j) g4 b: b6 O9 q) g5 ^- _
1.2 Definitions. & y9 c5 I# ?- a' W" q  p% p
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
+ ~% `' }% m6 v* W5 [2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
+ l+ F- w3 D: }  T+ l1 e! o) n! m3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 8 |$ g( z8 m6 H. J( O  l) S% U
4.0 BASIC DATA..
4 D; i/ E& I. c% V; ?! W9 W4.1 Design Life.
4 j7 A7 k1 O0 V- I. s1 V' z# a+ r4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. & @% k/ N% I% g/ E( z+ o
4.3 Protection Current Density..
7 U+ }6 Q& g% S+ `6 Y, `1 Z4.4 Energy..
/ I  i! J) X; @7 |3 t( B4.5 Test Posts. - v3 J0 m1 d6 d3 B  b
4.6 Insulating Joint..
: s; i' u3 F* T4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 2 @( q) @  T( }6 I
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. * U" p4 U5 z$ q
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. ( E* K# I7 S! r: I- Q
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. . T' [1 ^- y- d- |
5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
  `: z& I% l. ~3 t: b4 A5.3 Anodes.
/ X" s; t" K( p0 U0 ^) h& m, [5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. ' |% G8 r% {& N- n4 O5 J+ E3 Y" H
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
. d+ j* X/ |; v1 k" I0 _& ]5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. 4 A, _8 t2 d1 t2 ^  J
5.7 Cables.
% t6 j" D; B# f2 |1 z7 L* R5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
$ ^& U& H2 {8 X4 q2 T7 J5.9 Groundbed.. 1 k1 @2 h% a  ^' m; Q5 @* w! X
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
. p0 P6 t; `$ K) c0 a5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... ! v6 O( _3 t5 t! H; Q3 _
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... 6 B  ^1 ]% j) v( \4 k
7.0 INSTALLATION..
, K3 A! _. u: n1 B) ~8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
# D8 e$ `# R/ R) a$ h' t" y9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
8 U- S( u$ }; |/ ]% y10.0 SPARE PARTS. 9 C' f; {8 w2 ^
6 D$ \. M+ }) p9 a& p5 [
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
3 D7 K/ c. ?! O/ D9 J2 {" o+ o[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1' P  q: N4 I0 ?4 G
SECTION 08710
; Y6 Y4 }2 ?5 u: t2 V8 E- \4 R- C; OFINISH HARDWARE6 @7 `9 f& w& P4 W4 X% D1 B
$#, {8 v; t3 k' ?1 P/ |: n& [
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
9 C; H; k7 t5 v/ G2 O) j# Bis required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project./ t7 A# G: R  v! |
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
3 W; d0 \. n$ M( U. HNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
+ u  i; S. k& u. g4 f+ J* C5 e#$
+ ~, d: v' m7 h' L- q/ }PART 1 -- GENERAL
+ Q0 w9 a2 }. L8 i9 {! m7 z, }0 l- y+ [
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT9 s5 y% o" p8 `+ I9 ?' ]
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,% L, E' `! j: o  p. h0 D- L! z
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
0 w9 n( L3 l' son the Drawings and specified herein.* _" I& a7 L( |9 r2 @# P% ~
$ D2 F% k5 K" ~! b, r( Q, [
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE0 b; ]: T) `( K- W! b8 o! p
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.% h& q; {- ~2 C, w5 L
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.5 e' a/ {% d( y; \7 X; c
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.9 I1 G8 |4 C1 Q
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.+ u- Q9 ^: w$ w6 m8 m
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
0 d+ b2 l# ?' G2 v$ E1 J; a0 JF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.9 K  }/ W9 @  n
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
+ a2 {- p& y! o& M8 _& W$ _H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
" l4 A9 w  w) k( P; z. x& u( L+ d
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
' {, {4 o( i, ~A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.3 i! N- A0 w: v6 N2 E( ^3 w5 [5 K! n
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
( i" [7 m2 ^4 F: T7 L6 d1. Commercial Standards:
# I: c9 \1 ?# l2 [Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.5 ^% B- |8 M. h# W. ]7 }
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware0 ~; S" \( w; i$ u6 v0 u
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
) {, e9 N$ E% {( @. w0 TScheduling and Format.: n/ V! h$ \+ k6 U- J
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association, i  `! I& _) l5 {
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
( h6 ^0 q1 w. v! S* |6 _and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
0 n: O6 ?! V" }- V' }" b  Zrecommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
) z. T9 j* C/ [! GA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
! i3 Y$ ]+ q; U0 V& yB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
' u# d! u/ s1 ]1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the0 P' h1 w. T# Q; M3 l
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
& e9 o% r+ H/ W8 I& }+ s( o2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed% e9 o" L, b( F) \) g9 u; n8 S3 R
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
4 _8 n, l$ v( p3 G/ cNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
' i/ J% Z3 W  r1 p3 B8 JENGINEER." Z( S  U2 c' J7 H$ s; ^9 f
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
: f; D, O+ [+ R; V% V# H( N6 vnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,# e" s6 n! h" {$ S& x( p
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
. c) ~, u" n5 kall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
# ^4 d. h5 h1 d4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
2 i( u. O# X) V: x! L7 \# E' Sand finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural2 p7 a' `4 N5 _' @+ ?7 F
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
4 z4 o. G1 K& M2 \$ s! K5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
$ l9 u7 F1 a% z3 ?data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
2 T' [" X4 P# T  s3 I6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
/ G- D( q$ [' C  l
0 e4 y3 E6 V* r1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE" B* c4 |) p% p1 `
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
' R6 Q( M5 n: ~indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the8 d2 F8 i" V9 X' i. \0 t
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
7 v8 M, S! i7 A" D0 Y" X. [' @5 iSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be/ l- b+ B6 p, a2 a
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility7 `; I* T! L  {  C) f8 ^( k
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate: ^9 g$ B6 t% Q& H" ?) |
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.: F8 }: n4 H7 m
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING% ^* I- Q; |0 W& y+ f/ l
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
' x; L6 I7 X: q1 xB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
, |: u3 ~& F# N  uand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
  R! Z6 ~& D& jcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from( F$ f$ P: J) I* X1 B9 Z2 M7 T
the reviewed hardware list.+ S$ D1 A! o; ^
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER, v, e6 C2 E4 _+ z5 j: T) i
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
, F  M& [5 y2 c# z2 G( y" O4 _, A& V! \
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS& |0 J! G4 q( m  I% D2 p0 g
  W( E: ~0 X7 i: N$ j; q# |$ _% N5 g
2.1 GENERAL$ _7 n( @7 ?' [3 E9 a' k; g
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of. d# i  r2 r4 n3 @+ s. N' E
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and# w" G6 |, E6 D0 v3 h# J. D
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is1 |9 ^7 ~8 e( F% f, s
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
" H* u! P# n$ ~- Y4 T5 LB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for) k1 a1 R( m. M& u4 H7 w
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.! l  V9 C) _! l4 @
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require+ ^  o5 L/ V6 ]  P" ]  Y- W6 W# O  @& b
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
8 j3 f7 S! X+ a0 _' Zreturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
0 @' j; R! v: B4 [conformance with specified requirements.
6 u* i+ N: \+ G6 s) a( dD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
5 ~- R# }, R$ Z! v2 H2 h! ~completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.9 M. a  u! f: H5 V* @
' L$ c* Q9 O4 I) ]& ~
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES7 \2 D# s" b) k: z
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
" X8 }( n: C* q4 N. W; ?% hmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
& \: X/ ]; H  ?* j8 F! U/ `B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and5 \, x& t. I5 K/ o9 Z! M6 x4 {
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
4 a* f0 X% y- o# O4 V: W5 HC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
- h4 }0 H9 d8 M/ OLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets./ E, c9 }7 E$ u8 U1 \1 e$ Y
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,1 ?% Y$ H1 v& v* |) H7 I
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
$ o  N. O4 o, B0 ~& B. h- eE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
" L% K+ `! x" G( d0 u" [latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type  A3 f% n3 h  ?/ M3 W- L9 a3 W" d
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
# g8 m9 ^/ C. {4 ]! [F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
$ W" _# T9 f1 T2 e( Bdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
5 t& w% {+ }$ Ehardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.* a# m( Q/ |+ h* H' q
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of$ O' o/ N' I4 Y8 O$ B' n
doors.9 G: X4 Q# i: g/ `# C0 q/ D
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
) |2 m- g7 R" }180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.+ X9 j! G* T2 f, n5 a
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
: z3 S/ t5 x  N; J# p/ ^' P2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.! a$ D' g7 Y4 H8 d7 i8 x, Y
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
% {8 V; D( u/ _2 j) fI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary" P, q/ A; a- N7 x
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.; ?$ C8 ~8 C& t* L+ {
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
, [% d9 Z& W+ _+ vinches high x door width less 1-inch.8 M5 h8 l8 l- c2 b: M8 H- |' ]- \
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
. r+ P1 J! T- E) d1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.: N0 W+ b0 R2 Q- y/ _$ m
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
2 C# v3 T% Y4 Z! P, Gknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)& l# i- C  Q5 l7 f8 N4 x, U' S
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal. D, s* p! K1 x5 \% U2 V4 ?
doors.: j" b+ Q& N2 L9 ]) z

1 K/ n5 Z5 ^" @$ x8 Z1 @9 l: f2.3 FINISHES
$ Z' V3 B# k; c6 c* j+ b/ [A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
" f- Z. H. d! P' h2 eManufacturer's Association".
1 m6 i" p& o: d6 n1. 600 - Prime Coat- I5 ~2 G, }# n" g* L3 {. \- ^
2. 626 - Dull Chromium. q5 H8 a+ M, }3 Z4 a
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
' |5 q0 U3 ]1 L  b1 X6 L" v; w4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
: b% F, `: v  U# V/ Q8 O- e7 FB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.6 C0 i- k7 f& _5 A( k9 p
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.; H  N7 [  p& ?
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish# n5 Z' }# `9 ^( h" F7 s
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
+ V: H2 M  x/ H1 ]- h- LF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
( W+ e4 p, `' iG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.6 l, h7 q5 n  v0 W6 g
) P- s1 y& L1 H5 Z/ y+ j! |
2.4 KEYING
1 c: M+ T( E+ e; S  A' iA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
% M9 h! P6 C; P( Y2 ~6 K$ m, G6 Idetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the1 I  P6 L& A% l9 ~
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective$ i% K9 I' V& N  `$ Y
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
* f! G; C8 K& b* qhands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
, r7 l# t% q9 Y* I7 ~& m4 O" o1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond2 S& \2 x& H2 L+ L" j
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
; i5 J# o, Y4 M3 u+ UB. Keys:
2 |1 B' r: n# ?1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
1 a' U- J# n  S* N) p& r* r"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".' Z; p9 P/ `3 a% @# m/ \
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed6 n+ B% j/ p0 D8 b5 Y$ O
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.- [; p, n( R3 w- h1 y$ a
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
1 D5 W* R/ H# E5 e+ n- [# tRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and$ Q, X$ h' L- y3 P, E& R
identified by door locations.
* a& M" R4 O( x# \% B& C" H7 \( C4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,  s$ s0 R) n! b' u, M, f- s" W
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock+ h% W7 G& S# A( I
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.. h/ l+ ^! K% i. d& }! L. D; U0 D

! {5 h2 E+ z  ^+ [5 G& b2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE' X3 H( U% S2 h7 G5 w; N& B* ]$ R6 [
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
# h4 i/ l8 p6 K( n" L$ \$ @+ f5 Q8 p" {following hardware or their equal:
3 s5 f( O  }% T- S5 _. d0 ^- O$#9 G( n  y  s' n+ s8 g' f" r. |
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
/ n0 h7 y( ?7 Z& g; [) h9 o2 L- wapplicable to this project.$ d/ M, t. T0 z3 N0 o
#$' p4 G9 K, o/ w* U! [$ L1 Z; R' }" ^
% N/ ]0 j' h% A2 F* q% G
2.6 TEMPLATES- i3 l4 {! \' P- J# e+ v
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or" G5 `$ l9 }+ I. B- J9 B4 y
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
1 l# X0 f: u. v$ d0 T( h8 l  K$ D
* R5 R7 m3 T8 G& R& ?1 `7 `PART 3 -- EXECUTION4 l% E$ g  e1 a  l

; w" y: [6 w% W7 h. ^2 B3.1 GENERAL
7 d0 z, E0 H+ y& X, |( WA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
" a9 J8 X7 v3 [# Dcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.5 m% X" T$ U* x8 g& m
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR+ `% y; [6 E$ X( F/ c$ z
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
( o4 i: ?, L' j0 t7 T) Mdoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
# m* @8 [! H2 M: E6 V6 M0 |( gC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall. ^8 M+ w8 ~, z6 M" o% m
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
' l1 d8 Z" Y2 C$ |3 tD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other5 b* d$ m6 v# o# D
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and! q, S! [. M3 ^9 C2 W# y
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
7 J- N; l" m6 s) t8 V2 V* Bacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.! W: h! |, r6 x6 p( g
( q8 m$ B7 ]$ |6 @  ?
3.2 INSTALLATION
- o+ w& t! Y8 |6 b$ jA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.0 W3 q' H3 n& a' ?6 J
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for6 C4 w9 [1 K# G) k+ i
proper operation.; [9 o5 z1 y( v1 I! I' u9 N
C. Make work neat and secure.
6 L# m" |- [7 H$ a: h  @% d7 f0 rD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
. k- j- _. v7 W* @installation.9 _  P2 K# b7 O: }. t
E. Latchbolts:
6 a( N7 Q1 V5 ~/ P- e1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.5 l3 q) A$ x, [# I
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.  K, r; `7 ^+ I5 F) F; }$ p: m# s
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
3 J. @" F4 m8 N* `5 p3 M( b/ P& kG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls." F# D: t" O0 I* V
H. Thresholds:
0 s3 i8 r3 s4 z# s0 A" e" |1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.  o' Y, H7 N  D( H. v
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
# x& F2 H: {+ j/ g' `I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.8 @: }- i9 b4 |4 f$ H" S
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
3 N  q# B& l! a6 P. a% O, e0 \3 G( r6 K8 d% D( b
3.3 PROTECTION
9 n  j1 t6 x. b3 O# X1 T( ^A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial; l0 o) G: M! i+ U2 m6 N, b: Y
completion.
! y6 `3 c& a* u! d: I9 L% |B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
0 T. [9 p+ w3 s% ?* ^8 j" N' u: ]  bC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
. r( [4 y; |+ x; V" L( ^4 orecommendations.
2 ~, k2 `) L4 L4 h. f/ R# j$ CD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.9 ]/ I7 R; Z8 v
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,# U# ]- ~' A, S6 D0 i: o
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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