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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
2 j& q5 I3 x& a" U& |. E. `, \: \; _8 D1 K

$ \% U5 N  q& O" I5 o+ K据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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! }6 I# {8 `& N8 V( T; R  J' n8 Y
此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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/ n' Q8 `0 F1 N. o工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
3 i% m; _1 K0 A  h8 v( c3 X国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
: _" X" `% Z/ e. ~$ W2 J我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。' @8 Z1 W( A# S  J& X; _

2 N, }$ R$ X* Q8 U具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
3 m2 |8 o6 O4 u" k, a& z  X7 L0 \# whttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。5 S& B8 D$ K# d
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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- w/ ]/ g9 g7 s9 V; L1 z# [[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!7 e8 d9 D4 _- N9 C3 ^
经常见到的文件有以下几种:' |# [9 E1 v9 q1 `7 R0 L7 j& h
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......, u% X  _( g) o5 d$ e; D  }
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!- D" L8 c" [/ N5 }/ {

7 b& w! k% D+ k  r2 a5 }下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!% ]3 i3 M  [; m7 A
6 k- J3 M/ K4 z0 q
INDEX
! o8 Z- S' ^. @* q! u1.0 SCOPE.
5 P  q7 l3 {, |: U+ R$ d1.1 General. 9 C3 o' y  x1 L
1.2 Definitions.
3 Z9 q3 l2 w# h, T, s9 Y& F  @2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
0 ^4 B1 o: R. J+ l  J8 n: w2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
+ ~9 q6 m! |  i- M( o% k; b3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 4 H5 N! _) m- Y' c
4.0 BASIC DATA..
9 n  M# ^! o: [! q4.1 Design Life. ) D- y! z1 |% o8 P( T- ]! L5 n
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
4 Z5 O% B4 r0 {. {: j& ~% A3 b, \# H4.3 Protection Current Density..
5 j% n! J2 s( O. n* h4.4 Energy..   B6 B7 ~3 v; n3 P
4.5 Test Posts.   q4 g% o2 T) X: y4 t# Z
4.6 Insulating Joint..
! b4 n$ w. n& _: _9 @3 b4.7 Effect of Electric Line. * o* [# M* T0 O- V
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
. x3 b8 ^- _1 Q: p" K1 C% t8 Y5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. 3 w& ]. m+ Z  t2 G
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
/ B3 J1 e3 m3 I" {( o( F' p5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. , T' X& F$ ]! W7 M0 O
5.3 Anodes. / w  `, b5 w" v% e: M
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
& V9 H+ o% a5 C5 H) Z( \0 p8 d5.5 Anode Junction Box..
  j  O7 v. v$ g, h6 j1 P) p- q- F5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
5 C# S- {4 o: ~5 t1 q9 q5.7 Cables. ( w  P  t& c# a
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. & Z! A8 r- O/ V$ _
5.9 Groundbed..
! C# _3 j2 n: c/ ?" x5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... - N3 N4 F$ D6 {3 T
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
1 T' e8 z8 h9 Y' \- @7 I. Y6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
: O; R" w1 q; E9 U4 @+ h# h6 O7.0 INSTALLATION..
' J7 t0 h1 O: @( C4 t. `0 F9 O8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
( D" N. P+ T* }5 p6 M& F; k% x  b9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. 8 ?' H& f# K1 t
10.0 SPARE PARTS. + A5 Q0 k9 d2 m! j* k

4 X) Q- f5 L+ P" v[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
2 Q2 j5 O5 ?  {1 P: c9 v[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
5 f* a$ k8 [! _$ h8 OSECTION 08710
+ ^- P1 t( N$ {$ t3 b/ vFINISH HARDWARE2 v. K& a1 l+ |2 a- o$ n
$#
: G# U/ e  z7 V/ x# ]( M& y, l& vNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier: Y6 u4 b/ h' k' N: }
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.8 H) }. w" M" q0 a& e
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
$ m  X) L: f6 I# Q: T( ZNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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PART 1 -- GENERAL
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT3 l2 O* J" Q% t; K7 P( O; D
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
! e# b' S  R+ G/ Dand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
8 R' m0 g" G6 i: u: N' Lon the Drawings and specified herein.. I# G8 N, V# T, T

6 i0 m: I. c6 X+ R5 x' p, P1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
3 j! q' M! f3 z7 gA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
+ w, v/ g1 z) _! P" v* p+ BB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
' O2 T. l! I; L  T' a! `4 pC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
' k1 h" g- {2 M$ H6 ND. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.$ E4 h8 ^3 @# J+ f
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors." K0 S' s( A8 Z* \' W5 x+ U& d
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.) J5 J/ r/ {9 G2 d- U
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.4 t% ?7 X6 g6 s2 j
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
2 {1 w4 k8 t, @4 h! G, B
0 J" k# k8 }( R% o2 i0 B/ S0 n1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS. R+ U, W2 g5 z/ @& j
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
8 i, Z, m6 Y; E3 E# pB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.. P9 k* }" ]! a0 J" k3 a% s
1. Commercial Standards:+ |5 s1 J) I  N- _  T, I& H  _& z
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.8 p2 S7 t- i; r$ s  i: b
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware! j3 s! T8 h, J; k8 @- \9 i
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware$ I' Y5 l/ [3 n  h% Q  \
Scheduling and Format.0 h% s3 r  R1 a6 c& z$ V4 Z
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association$ o* U5 q, p( ^" s# F% p
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
6 p/ }2 h% B9 P7 Xand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
3 O8 c6 `5 U/ K/ k5 Jrecommendations and specifications.6 h: b6 X  Z# ^4 Y; v3 t: [- `

. i5 }2 i9 W. \( H. c1 k* @1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
! x5 v1 m/ Y# n7 W' x* vA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
1 E  I# Q- X& @% l( n* D2 fB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
' d2 ]; f2 U% e; H$ T1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
( \/ H+ B: j+ u. t. e5 ?& Whardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
& f+ x7 c$ \9 f9 z  z' `2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
& i' e' G& X3 whardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.) O* Y  s" |6 y: M! K/ `
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
! S9 F& U/ f6 J) h, j0 |ENGINEER.
9 |% a2 I0 D: K2 d7 q4 `% X$ n3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
! c( V3 t! i: I  ]numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
1 y' V* P+ H. _1 j0 oand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
# I5 p4 ]0 ]% L4 Y) Kall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
7 B" A5 [! r, Q, Q* p5 R0 T4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,% i  r7 a. S( b0 t1 m% r! b
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural8 c3 B0 g; c/ K. p- ^; T6 v" }
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
" n, x9 S+ O7 h6 k$ X5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
2 l$ l; y+ x& I: y- n: Tdata for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.' B1 E8 P. h( Q: _: d0 u  j. z
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
% _$ t* v0 ~" O( I/ R% B5 S" _) r% H3 K/ b0 \$ l
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE- C. b. I9 Z' c7 i0 O  N
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
0 M; |7 ^* s% _0 Lindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the) u$ z& t8 \# ~% f5 I: y/ Y
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
7 A* e  q8 v5 E7 b7 K; m. R3 f" nSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
& j/ Q% F, C3 X2 ?made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility; g* v& S% W3 _. m1 {8 W" ?
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate' a0 P! P- ]. n9 ^4 _5 m2 M
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.$ t, D' O+ h& ^. e4 ~
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING, A  w" {1 C" R+ B0 |1 K
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.6 O  d. b" \" S4 b0 W' {
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
: C& ?$ h( C2 g3 K* T/ {and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its  r- s, x; `" a1 H. m
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from+ s& C: x% N. R5 k. n6 C, q
the reviewed hardware list.$ n+ V  g- d$ n
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
2 l  L, _: _5 r8 f0 Hto prevent loss or damage until installation.
2 A1 Y) }; y3 Q. y8 C/ d+ s; Z0 s8 q7 \
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS- n) ], z: [$ v; D$ x  V
: [/ q4 |0 Y4 {
2.1 GENERAL" k/ z% e" k( {, ]
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
7 s5 X4 A) l3 P, d4 b: U6 [9 ?indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and5 R) K# n6 m+ {+ D8 |& a/ t& _
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
' L9 t) Y: x- b1 c) ]fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
0 E5 Z8 p6 B4 x( E7 o( _B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
  Z1 f, a" J8 c0 Iappearance, maintenance, and replacement.1 H  m" A1 D) ]1 k: C: T: ~/ T
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require+ [9 \# q, K4 {5 {/ R3 G3 @# F& G& s  q
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
. H4 T+ W" w3 Jreturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in. I! K4 T' F( b4 N" J3 `; N1 T
conformance with specified requirements.
' P  L( f* k; iD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
7 {- B% i: e& \: v0 }: bcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
6 k5 r. L9 i/ g6 ~" Q; Z& s# x: _6 t8 }/ c/ o. v/ H3 [  y
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES1 i+ `  ]1 H  b1 p5 j6 S, N
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel( V+ C" D' [6 e7 H) J! n# `
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
2 l' ~9 V& T. q9 s# D- _B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
: ]& q9 N7 T4 c! Xcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
  ?6 x  v8 f$ V; D, CC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
# u# Y- }$ A  x- Y( G7 s2 NLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
% G9 V7 j5 Y& F# ^+ xD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,+ ?' p. `; n4 I. V8 N/ _- |: z0 U
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.$ L/ l) b6 {0 \2 I9 S" Z4 Q
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
6 f% }/ g7 x7 i3 x9 H( wlatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type( x' }& H( Z% H- i
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.2 L+ k9 N( A7 o6 e/ I9 D9 W) C
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
: o8 N0 X9 T; Rdoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in# a5 C: m7 K, ^5 y% A
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.! C! T$ o% M4 c% U9 p/ k; a. m
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of; u/ d$ r! T- x! G
doors.4 |: D, ~4 \0 ~
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
( o( L4 a; z$ _2 \) E/ p8 f  D180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.- t7 H% c3 z7 \5 j+ ?; P
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
5 J( a4 j' l# }2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
5 T3 P/ V- c# v3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
% W/ E% r+ j* V6 t: Q. c( iI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
! U( r! b  W: H* L; u- C! t2 {construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
9 x" n8 ]" `4 I- G# z' xJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
" c. ?: R  }$ r2 |: v$ M) Winches high x door width less 1-inch.
8 c2 h1 n# h( b9 p& D2 F8 oK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
+ I) `4 C- W: f4 d. Z$ K8 @1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
" a% j0 G+ \# d: L( nL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
/ a  b. ]6 l: A, y7 Hknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
( a7 `' {9 d( C% `' ], F  r7 ^Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal" c9 }& v0 }4 \- x
doors.) I9 b) w! o. Y+ P+ s/ D# G  e6 P

$ M5 w# Q  R+ j4 H1 {  {- W2.3 FINISHES8 a8 Z. Y- u; S% s: A0 @
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware  A6 e5 d3 U6 C7 P( X- p5 k% ?
Manufacturer's Association".& O: t& H8 `1 W4 D
1. 600 - Prime Coat* N+ M1 _, ?& ~* [& Q
2. 626 - Dull Chromium: r* X' P5 S$ b* ~" n- S
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel5 ^( X( C# e: L) t4 V
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
1 W% v: G; e" z1 h+ {, \; R! oB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
8 ?) m' S, a9 J+ T' D* Z- EC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
, W& K7 e3 L' TD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish. ]) @2 ]5 l6 p# j
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
$ r$ d( ?% {+ }- Z. bF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.9 M8 g' X# |- `& v# {5 g5 v( S* ?
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.+ J3 M! M! d6 r& Z
  i* z5 {  o6 }: t( m
2.4 KEYING( R4 G1 V1 J. ^( v0 G0 w
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
! G4 \9 n8 t/ u: E- r' Q/ e1 edetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the/ e' g  G8 e, F$ s2 [/ |
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
) h  m: U4 _$ d* K1 ]doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the. k4 z% s4 e7 J1 C
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.. |# [5 J9 R+ l0 r1 ?
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
( `) x+ L" S4 X& O' ?( b) O% ]with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.; `; Q8 x9 @& y6 j% h. T. A' B
B. Keys:
6 R& I! e1 ~) {+ e" O8 I% {4 l# r1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
8 ~1 T; G' |! n"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".* H& O) C9 l& }; J9 ]7 ?
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
- k  g/ A; [2 s4 S( }different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.4 ~6 \* b# t3 P. a# A
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
8 U! [9 g$ ?! D' I3 t7 j) QRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and$ V% n! e. V, L" d
identified by door locations.6 s& d1 A  U- S6 V) A
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
. L8 D2 x, Z* r1 Vthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
1 ~$ m5 x7 K8 K2 acylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.& v& R! ?  C& i' r" B
6 B5 M7 p9 ?6 v& N, x; G
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE7 p, y7 ?+ r: L7 O6 \7 |
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the; z- p- x) A" \3 a# d
following hardware or their equal:3 p  i8 S. K; ?% D6 }2 ?1 Y& F' s
$#
/ i9 D5 r7 w/ [5 A. y9 cNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
5 r4 z, J/ V, s5 h4 d& g* Dapplicable to this project.( w' W% ?5 h- W, `; [) p3 T) `
#$
( t( U5 w$ a0 C9 P- s3 h# o, c0 {* k6 w3 ~$ ]5 P  |
2.6 TEMPLATES
, U/ q2 \  ]4 o: \A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or- E% o6 p. z. e2 N# W
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.. I( E! ~& }& d" r9 s
" K& y0 D% N- b+ B$ a3 i  k. I: @
PART 3 -- EXECUTION: E( |4 a0 x' v5 j  g

. ~3 `/ {; J3 J9 i0 O! X. V" J) n3.1 GENERAL
/ o  g! s7 ?, ]3 FA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
7 Z: U, m4 T3 p3 ecylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
) I" M' [$ p- O! C- {5 ]B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR* S( _0 m" _' {! E
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
6 P( o5 z5 S/ z- Ndoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
) O" w6 W( |6 ]2 kC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
# `2 d( M( j3 J( ]( R' dreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.7 M7 `6 q5 ?6 [% X" v  m9 Y7 s! ]1 t
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other# q+ T2 F/ ^+ ?1 A! [4 k
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
) Q  ?2 Z4 [3 X( ~  N& h! n1 ^other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
# I8 z6 M8 f) h; c; eacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.# K( _6 f2 z  w0 D- J* O; |
6 v% H# ^& Z- V! |1 k! }& {; O
3.2 INSTALLATION
' r1 ]5 d8 F5 Z/ A: TA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.9 y% {  ~" ~5 Y- a! z. }, a
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
8 I  H$ k, x+ V( b5 M* Pproper operation.
9 Z" d  D0 W  uC. Make work neat and secure.
$ c& P7 X6 |( z2 Q- d" ZD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
8 u0 s2 h5 b: Q2 E# k$ o  Uinstallation.9 B* q) l. \) G4 ^( }% D
E. Latchbolts:: C+ G4 @. C$ S8 g: {) V* P8 U  ]7 A
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.+ g( ?' q; o1 ^  _
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
/ d5 K1 u; O' dF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
$ [* r7 ?6 O" D# {G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
9 J, x( {( {# ZH. Thresholds:
& s6 N  S7 u+ N1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.8 R0 q; t$ S# D" {$ G+ V
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs./ N2 l7 C6 C: u
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.6 R; @4 `  N4 X, W* c% B) a$ K
J. Replace damaged hardware items.# [' y* e! @$ J( |5 ^' x
$ J5 g4 t2 O6 D- O3 O
3.3 PROTECTION
2 \) ~  m) V/ B1 s) V, t. U) NA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
) g1 j0 a- o; w' L' }5 i1 Dcompletion.
) o* v# r2 U. y  LB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work., J* m4 {: m. l
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's; S" ?$ N& X: i' f* r# \
recommendations.  b- l* k9 m% P- ?5 r
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.# p4 T3 t6 u/ j$ W, ]
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
4 y: S4 m9 m& Q! |( {  e1 K4 D' S主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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