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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
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2 S" [" S! ^7 x2 A7 f据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。+ f, D. _9 x' A1 d$ G
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* Z) p" N; K' y% X: w  N. x& ?此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。/ b( E0 o7 g: p0 d

+ L  n6 o7 M5 u4 n$ r! w6 F) z9 d[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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) M' k6 t+ m& X* D5 |5 o9 f工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
2 [6 ]4 l1 @2 y5 L( e' I* Z. n国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
2 o5 |0 e8 x7 S1 t, s5 {! v我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。' |8 c7 R2 l1 N3 b* g
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:1 p5 l5 N/ f' z" b
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。5 o  i0 x. [! Q$ H. ~9 g
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
5 C: f; n$ z3 N经常见到的文件有以下几种:7 ~& D! h# X& Y' t/ M. I
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
" p6 @# ]1 k7 o9 E% q2 D那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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5 _8 I5 ~( \& f下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX2 n( q: q& o' v, P
1.0 SCOPE. * b5 v* \4 g  q1 N
1.1 General. 0 G/ a# m+ L/ G7 ]
1.2 Definitions.   F. P* A; B/ a
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
& a* [0 ~1 q5 X7 d+ f+ B2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. 9 I" n& S. ?# a9 d
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 2 {! g! _! v! e% v* C
4.0 BASIC DATA..
2 r! n6 g% H6 }: V, U9 v4.1 Design Life. , m* B& ~" _% G5 Y
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. ! e6 P: U" |% A+ u2 |/ h
4.3 Protection Current Density.. , E' k9 P3 G+ @- o8 d5 N* L
4.4 Energy..
0 K% r* ~' M: \6 B4 y4.5 Test Posts.
" Q. X5 r) h/ I& N/ ]4.6 Insulating Joint.. 2 }9 J, K' @' C/ N( E9 d
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
  T  P" Y- N* E# G4 B( v5 N4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
- e% Y; g2 b6 I8 h/ U/ m4 D  B( }5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
7 Q) J, n3 M8 g5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. + F5 Z# M' m. F
5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. ( s, E) g* V; e
5.3 Anodes. 6 X$ {+ s# _' W' D5 c/ s, m7 o
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
( P( Z% `, x/ X/ u5.5 Anode Junction Box..
* a! f8 J* I' W3 z6 k5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
. `- f$ B! Y2 c( ~) a5.7 Cables.
5 J- ?/ Y( Z7 P6 g; z; `6 f7 `5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. , d- W5 e+ w5 O' L7 e/ L
5.9 Groundbed..
! Z8 ^6 O1 p0 X! `9 C5 a) l5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
7 }( a8 P$ j; G5 a5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
  i7 A3 S, F9 T1 ~) q2 T& T6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
8 H# G( D" [- K- Q+ i7.0 INSTALLATION..
: @6 d8 R! z3 m8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
) f9 O# a, f* }+ J& F, c7 E3 j9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. # w" I5 c: a( S* A, A3 n% b  }
10.0 SPARE PARTS. 3 F7 k9 U3 h1 g# o
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[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD3 a$ C: j" T7 @
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1- w0 B/ e0 Y, o- b
SECTION 08710
' E  t& x) g& A! j$ X" Z; RFINISH HARDWARE
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' F: W9 y' L' K; A! E$ ENTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier: z9 l5 D1 c3 U6 y9 S
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.) L- }9 r2 v/ ~8 q8 d( K1 q+ l
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
& J4 W7 O/ m, r9 s  L# m  w& lNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.3 `0 o8 b) Y2 `+ E
#$8 }. z. `9 h8 w
PART 1 -- GENERAL# |& s9 l4 b" D7 j' `* `4 T

3 z3 z. s; Z9 ?. f6 j  d6 ?1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
1 Z# ]! [1 z  X; o  \+ nA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,  A. _! [: h( I) w% A6 W; [/ @' |" K
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
6 o3 O7 r* S6 fon the Drawings and specified herein.
, ]) O9 P6 w0 W( z. A' }( ~7 ~1 v3 f. C/ q$ v
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE% ]8 u9 C% D3 S8 J4 Z  T2 Q
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
! r' d! ~" s! w* wB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.& w+ H; [, P/ ~, D  j
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.+ Q2 s0 V# u8 x
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.; a$ g6 Z8 F1 i: A& ]# _. g
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
. U% v, c' E: z# u6 c3 h' ]. `, FF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.  o7 S! B( q8 w' p
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.0 S7 z7 Z8 V, A& h! n- d4 A( ]
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
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7 P- d  c/ C' y4 L8 l: o& ]. ~1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
9 w5 q$ K3 ~: J0 C/ gA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
) |& F3 E6 E3 M: |0 ?- PB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.: T6 I; B7 M: W- q1 P: \2 n
1. Commercial Standards:
2 K" q6 ^$ x3 a0 t1 gUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
& |  y2 d6 m3 N# n! F- O2 uHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
% R) e9 E7 \- z) c% ^+ xSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
  X+ X! f5 v% N1 kScheduling and Format.( u* b/ w5 N$ }( |
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
# g# ^: w  V" Q" Y$ O2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware0 F9 A. G* y( y
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
- z) m" t8 K+ Z9 b5 Mrecommendations and specifications.- A! U0 t+ |* T' \
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
  s9 s  {: K1 E+ X8 ^! HA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
% z) a7 X" J+ W( _. @B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
( U. i  p( ]5 t  Q9 C" F) B1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
2 n3 Z; ^  k! I0 N5 @9 Fhardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
6 W3 T+ x8 Z' @2 D$ ?8 H2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
# j4 M' K; C2 W" Nhardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.8 u+ s' j' I! T
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the) C( j& V; S9 B/ E
ENGINEER.* t; p" W! M7 |( e
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
5 h5 Y+ d2 [2 X9 N) u  Pnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
. r$ u7 {8 K- `9 y, _$ A& Wand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
8 R4 u9 t5 k" t$ N4 ~: xall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.1 }$ b) e  k! h5 [0 y; j
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,# u8 k& M0 \, P
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
. G+ u7 V, o1 D- [7 d- ]Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".) {- @) D- {- S0 {; T8 U
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and( H- k- S! d6 w0 L- m+ i7 @
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.8 ^# u9 i( d. u! `3 [$ E* g
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
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+ a! ^( s; E) S7 ?6 [* i: F$ y- F4 A1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE7 }- @! Z; p) X7 A( h
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of/ D- Z; [$ K, v+ n$ g5 X2 R/ @4 y
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
0 R( H0 |8 C6 k( M- l9 \9 i. fspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.# C0 v& @+ G: H% ~+ Z7 k8 y1 ]
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be8 |, Q% [4 J1 e& [6 S. G+ n. A
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
) A. A2 K. c2 o5 pto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
4 k1 h1 w& x. @9 E4 u% |* |9 Levaluation of all proposed substitute items.+ l& g" v2 o& k' L$ E1 J# n
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING  Y; Z2 {1 ?: R! ~% @
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
+ B/ e$ @/ E, e( e& }B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings2 n3 @! v1 v  G3 S
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its7 Z* J0 W8 G$ `' ?/ G
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
! U; ^1 z+ `2 \, o7 ythe reviewed hardware list.
- |1 ?7 D, ?- n, c' mC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER- v9 T7 g: A+ p. B+ _
to prevent loss or damage until installation.& P6 s- @- q& N5 b6 i: p
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS* `, t& z2 q  [9 R

- `' L" E5 D& \' B. @1 \2.1 GENERAL4 _  m. C% y3 w0 p
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of3 u5 ^4 u' j5 e) d% @5 V
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and% ^5 F( q/ t+ Q, w$ [& K- g
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
6 T! \' W/ R* z. ^' }8 F0 C; }fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
1 n: \% D, ^) Z1 P2 |4 ~B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
  @$ Q5 f/ _2 ?0 j% {appearance, maintenance, and replacement.- g2 H7 _; S1 c' Y! G# Y
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
* ^7 w. g& S0 j- Psubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
) a3 P( [4 e5 g6 N6 q7 xreturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in' N( W3 S% @' a, K1 w! N
conformance with specified requirements.4 ?9 s! b- U, k' Z: x6 A  W
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
! S2 w5 v' ?5 M* B2 H+ I3 n" ^completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
: s- h  d% a/ e$ I" Z& g4 e% O+ _8 ~, z+ X$ Q, U# C
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES% y5 y$ X. I8 b6 f
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
& l7 }  J5 f/ F5 K5 lmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
7 k. l5 `4 E3 K. [- E8 bB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
2 Y# V/ b6 ~. M& |+ Gcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.( L: H$ B" L. R+ G% T' e8 ~6 c! \/ u6 A1 J
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.4 e3 B: i6 m# O% W
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
4 C0 G( \7 Z+ `D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers," K/ k/ p$ f  i8 u
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.8 n% X5 E4 N6 c5 J3 r9 }3 j# N. t; g
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,& l8 F6 @9 K$ A9 h5 p
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
6 i( }6 a& G1 U. Hwith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.! v+ F. M& [7 G
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a) Y& X& t* D4 ~  M* T: l* `
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
& E+ g! Q/ T! _* m7 Z* j. thardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.! k6 C4 o: P. B4 V  }  |- K/ w4 H! ^
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
8 l4 I8 @8 r- t0 P! a% z. qdoors.  m! _- p1 ^1 A2 g: J3 W+ J6 E, |* |7 z
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to0 O2 v0 h& P- }2 H  h; B' |
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
6 F( M0 z; E  W1 d# O' E+ J1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.5 @$ F& s) o# a6 u# Y
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.4 k) M' C' D* G/ h1 b
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.6 k6 |# e8 e. n% ^4 @
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
! Z$ e7 I% _" Jconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.
+ I% y/ x1 _0 nJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-" D& j8 `! A8 M  V* ?
inches high x door width less 1-inch." ?% x! }' }! i/ m* i
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-# w! Y# L3 j# F1 J" L
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.! ?3 c  n' i+ g1 T) r
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
# i4 l; B4 R1 b5 \# N* b; S' }knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)/ h0 w# T% m3 h: Y; ]
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
* a: `/ W$ |9 L; \doors.( N" f1 {* }; |9 S! ?

. ^5 `* H# l" ^+ \- k: Q2.3 FINISHES# N1 U0 H7 y; y5 t6 q: q+ g+ [0 H6 h
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware: \+ e  b- R1 S( S8 B
Manufacturer's Association".
( C- T5 d( M: j& K: q# {1. 600 - Prime Coat
9 k/ \2 h! W1 e6 F. D/ H4 }2. 626 - Dull Chromium
3 ]8 f2 ^  b7 a- ~# v8 u- ]" G3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel! N! z, A9 u9 S8 \- g% [( F: |2 f
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
" m5 W2 B7 k- z* ~; QB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
* [+ W/ _8 `2 T  uC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.$ M5 @  |0 z& P- V* ~
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
! K& c, V( e4 h% k! HE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.! H% M- T4 t+ p% X8 @" ~9 W
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
  l# c- k2 Z" D" ?; a& s( YG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.; A* j* g' n( g+ Z; \7 C
& z/ I) s* C' H5 `* @4 ~
2.4 KEYING
' F5 B5 y  i) AA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
8 S  S1 z" [! N' F  Mdetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the5 m1 R5 {- D0 C1 x
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
" W2 @4 _6 }4 Ldoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
) E. S# J5 E+ U/ N/ W, n9 }3 Whands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
( S& ?1 Q. m2 m1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
7 i) t" x5 R+ C% _; o+ n7 X. t3 `with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
5 ]: r+ z8 E* c3 Y; JB. Keys:
0 t% S/ l8 n& X; P% d2 h1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side4 K2 l4 r7 d) N( t; Q* q
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
; L: L. I+ j. |2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
' v/ L0 ~% p, ^2 v6 x7 tdifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.! I. `9 l$ I4 v4 a" X2 }
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
# E1 ~& j& G/ {, _Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
2 y9 E+ E" x$ O6 K0 ~identified by door locations.; |# ?6 w1 m$ b
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
1 w# R! D" ]0 [! ^$ I9 B2 Othe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock1 R9 o9 u7 _1 _* Z2 M; \
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
* g+ f% f$ y& u. C4 S' G! z- q
8 M! T5 o6 L9 ?7 q2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
( {; o% u7 D7 t, u; z7 m9 LA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
% `' y& u# t6 q1 Ufollowing hardware or their equal:
% t/ @) `+ N1 e! E0 K$#, Y  D8 d4 R5 P, r
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware3 |; P' M6 P, X4 Z" R7 l7 N) d
applicable to this project.
, O1 I$ m/ Z1 [! @/ E8 r  ?9 h! v5 e#$5 }1 K, m( s2 z
) X( ?' `, N- W8 g* l
2.6 TEMPLATES. A* T; ^/ ^9 K1 X8 J6 E1 H6 G# C1 c
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or) p( W2 \9 X% [4 R1 ~
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.7 `9 V6 Y$ J, @7 {6 b3 t# Y* i3 d( i

' E* P3 v  `3 J& APART 3 -- EXECUTION& s. u8 u8 s' _( l

1 u% R* Y8 n7 }3 Q2 W1 u- `3.1 GENERAL) o; }/ G; w* o. z  V+ U8 z
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
/ s  ]" i9 r7 n. ncylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
8 N/ N8 ]5 |! ~# Q& SB. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR- B' K& v# q3 H) Z, ^  [
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that9 e6 M! `5 G: Y1 c* O
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.2 X. m. j0 v4 F( Z& a: \
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
0 q2 F7 [3 W8 p# }; j! |$ qreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
- S( ^3 ^7 M& C3 QD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
% d; L# K+ Q& |8 s" }soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
7 q7 \' L: n% C2 Yother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
4 \$ Z  q8 z2 @- u5 Y  macceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
8 E! q  Z" u8 }; [0 b9 P" \9 u2 f6 O+ l% E, b7 @' t
3.2 INSTALLATION
, a0 k: Q; ~- ^$ Z6 p0 O6 GA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.& o1 A5 b; g: R1 ^: D' t$ g
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
9 X7 a) b' z" c/ M# hproper operation.- H; a/ }- {. M' q3 E+ U. }
C. Make work neat and secure.: F5 [9 H) g6 O
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware' h, s9 z+ W1 ?3 R
installation.$ V  U8 T  y  m+ C
E. Latchbolts:: f: s; F6 b) F! @% p; a
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
( [0 _5 F8 M0 @* H, A3 Y( ?3 @6 p2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
9 A: n- [3 Y& d$ HF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.  g9 z5 I5 ^. C) Q
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls." W& |8 G! W6 S( n
H. Thresholds:
6 }" Z' D2 A, ~, v0 Z: x) D1 x$ v" p5 M6 I1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
; P& ?& }! S! J) [  Q7 n2 o2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.* E" Q3 G: Y8 `) g! G1 w5 F2 q
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.8 B. c6 K5 W) S' }0 T% N
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
3 u5 D0 }0 V8 n6 M! a# ~! }. q# r8 W8 ]( N: }
3.3 PROTECTION
: `* g0 R6 U3 S$ d! CA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial7 B; d) r' l* n: b& }
completion.1 H% A. g. J- X# e
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.3 I' `* d- s2 U, N. I5 [
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's9 L! @5 n( \) r# I8 X4 y- l
recommendations.+ ]: x* Q3 @0 A" G9 t( X
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.9 m7 q0 }0 v: J: c* ]
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
- ^" I% @9 H2 E- h' q4 O主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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