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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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+ e3 l9 v, I+ h' ?$ U8 e# W; e, b9 z" ^[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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1 T# W+ W0 V/ i: U  V; l" ^4 S" v' H工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif2 C' K* k% W4 Z3 U
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
- D3 m% W% `  P5 R8 F我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。% a+ ~0 }! X7 T: I* E2 p
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:* T1 w% J4 U' F% e
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。; F, h8 K4 F+ ~* a, A$ e
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。' J4 L& G* _4 h& t- M
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
  k" W  i% Z/ a  ^# |& u) a经常见到的文件有以下几种:
3 v" Y: t! _, s. hspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
9 s- V& A/ H. v% I& n) {5 S2 D, O那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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7 [3 y8 |& T8 [1 j2 F9 U! _下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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7 d+ U/ D, {! o5 s9 h( I# s7 pINDEX  b7 f. W2 m% a, C9 [  M
1.0 SCOPE. / c" |2 j# [( |) _( X1 X# \1 e
1.1 General. & b' m2 Z3 W/ m' L9 w, U; u6 N
1.2 Definitions.
9 i$ V% L' @# ~  z+ h2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
3 J, ^, A0 K$ ^' F: z4 c' p2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
" N4 r8 Q+ d4 U% o( g9 ]) @3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
; U( d0 u. ]1 w6 S0 e9 V, C4.0 BASIC DATA..
4 A) L0 d/ v* `% \+ b; O; N4.1 Design Life. " p0 e4 Z  @2 W4 G* R" r: O$ W! k3 Y3 A
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. 1 F' P" D* w' q# ]9 x- y3 |) f1 s( J
4.3 Protection Current Density.. 3 K: [% r# C$ C1 c6 i" T( H9 @
4.4 Energy.. " }+ w2 H% V7 \/ Y2 T
4.5 Test Posts.
: h* h0 s9 T* i! T4 \( {: w& v" ?4.6 Insulating Joint.. - v' }1 C8 t! P3 N2 I
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
* J/ }* {7 C( l- s0 `4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. ; q; |% W1 I4 n. w9 S" Y. e
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
9 ]! I$ I* d3 j/ K4 i5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. % x" c+ x- {; x, v1 c; ?
5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
6 x+ E4 K1 \. V" ]( q5.3 Anodes. % L' w2 N* C3 z
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. # j: I8 ^. H; z; }( U$ X
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
* l6 I$ o( x5 w4 B5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. % Z) [( \! O7 M1 J& s( {
5.7 Cables.
: u: ]' V" X8 t5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
- ?! u# ?' [* Q5.9 Groundbed..
) t% Y7 S2 K) ~% C: x" y5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... . z$ V" s6 n6 ?% x7 i
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
% n: {+ D" `" O- d  E1 @: ~) |1 H6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... * R/ B5 v2 _) m' N& T) a
7.0 INSTALLATION..
4 R+ E4 W" ^- z$ j0 E: W& U! V4 o8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. ; t: A' }9 e# y, b  v) q9 O  R
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. * K& O+ b3 |) f! H0 E, R$ T( I' k
10.0 SPARE PARTS. * o# O# R3 ^$ @6 ~5 {6 D" |2 J# R4 [
: P! C( Z# U6 K4 ^3 Z! u! l
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD* _/ z, ], j7 c
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
4 {% _* ^1 A6 N& D' lSECTION 08710& R7 k  `  C- V- i2 O
FINISH HARDWARE
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NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
7 {$ @2 {; G8 M# ^5 I& Q& Gis required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
0 Z3 }4 ]- u; k  \6 `1 e. VBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.2 A  S# U: r- {" x7 h7 k
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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PART 1 -- GENERAL
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
6 ]( h5 d; I+ d2 n6 f0 R4 C' B4 ~8 eA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,, Z, l  D; g" l8 p  f
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated, |5 e9 ^' ~$ F6 `0 f7 ?6 H
on the Drawings and specified herein.
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+ T% a) X! ~: a, m  O1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE9 _/ N% n8 H# R& v3 f- I2 P
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.+ S3 N9 S  q1 v+ J% n3 S
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
+ i6 @/ F8 {; u! J7 CC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
4 @' m% N* r# }8 eD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
( H, z7 E$ w2 y/ sE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.8 J8 N7 m. Z9 `, |* V: b
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
/ f( E2 q8 ?9 Q* {& oG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
: G- B: ^  Z" E3 @H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.- [$ V9 |4 A* g: e5 y2 o

0 r. I1 s$ }4 |& J" [( D& X1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS  n) }% B/ v$ D2 q! f% T1 v
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
- T- P4 ?" Y; D/ j% m# D! }/ ~, g, VB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
: h+ t  M$ G3 H% F2 C4 _1. Commercial Standards:$ Q; S6 f$ ^  |: s* Y
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
8 w6 Z8 k7 n; q# C4 kHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware" x: n8 L" ~$ R3 E9 a
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware' Q4 M% {# A6 G& G" S0 S( A8 E
Scheduling and Format.
: k' o$ w6 N1 M. b# z4 g5 E1 cBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
; m3 ^; ?" t3 `6 C2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
7 J' ~* f  ^  p% Z  Land its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published& K/ u; T3 v: N
recommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
( y0 F0 @" _. @A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.% T9 ]1 a( U: H* v2 d0 t
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
) u: ]# ^: V( {6 g: h6 o0 w. y& a! o* E1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the2 c7 ?5 X  m8 j- g. |. o
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.9 S/ w; H- F+ O7 s0 k& S- N
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
/ N1 T1 S# Y8 ^: s0 Ihardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.: _' @7 g! a! D% [5 ?
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
: ^, C4 Y2 l; YENGINEER.& Z2 N$ J/ F  x3 O% Y
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
2 ?$ c( @# P2 M8 O/ a* s+ Snumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
) g/ w- U2 c( w, dand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and; m' ]6 k& v, W
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.: u! Y) S6 T( Y7 ]
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
& C1 {" ?% @2 l. ]/ T  M/ Iand finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
. i# b% L: m! A2 v8 T# L" LHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".! p6 J6 b2 w; y
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and0 @9 t  S5 f* y# y, ^% C5 Q$ [
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
6 a" t3 }) B; }* s' i3 r4 l6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.  |; |- I, o' A9 e( y/ A. [4 O

5 D3 b& q2 o  T, C1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
5 I, x' o) @1 G( @4 fA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
& R: L5 J0 f0 S6 ^" ?) ]indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the( e* L& _: V2 t) P- z
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.; U$ B* X2 j* f0 g+ T8 x8 F/ B
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
- t8 U, C+ I% jmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
9 c% j: S( ^( O  ?. g! ^to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
& C; z+ ?8 K5 n4 Devaluation of all proposed substitute items.6 ]6 R' M4 I0 A0 H0 I. [
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING3 B) b6 b/ R5 n4 H7 b' m
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
: n+ Q& [' g9 dB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
7 J5 x! c  |* @1 {, L: B! ^, F9 N' hand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
6 q1 Y. {8 T( b/ ^. l) ncontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from5 ^3 l# h9 L  p. I
the reviewed hardware list.
2 n9 K" M. e" G. B3 U/ Y% L3 jC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER4 F0 f3 C3 I/ J' y2 R7 N  k) v2 j
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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: J+ z+ k/ G7 E9 i" w& S9 J( g! e2.1 GENERAL
9 S$ ~% }% J/ |+ R" T) FA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of+ j: _9 e7 }0 ~: B( A# c2 y1 O9 ]
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and9 I6 `9 Y1 r% g/ O) M
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
9 n9 N- n7 _0 xfully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.! [( n; i/ h1 i; M0 k
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for: `2 c3 J3 d$ ?5 P/ X: F
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.( p) A# ^0 j; O. F: ]4 D* D
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require: \0 c0 [. x6 X' g0 h: a
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be& q. D3 j9 N$ c( m
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in! P3 v# X7 w! ~1 |- s
conformance with specified requirements.6 F! ?& H# Z6 o6 E3 b  n5 c7 Z# X
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,+ C0 g3 U4 f) Q, R6 ?7 d
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
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2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
* w: s7 E% S$ BA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel) q' K  n0 K) p8 a5 U- \$ ?
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
; b, k2 ]: u: v2 [2 R2 m  D8 @( a2 @B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and0 [5 B) {( t( e7 s: ~; f2 n
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.* J# w# u5 ?% u8 w& V2 ?0 w+ g8 _
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.$ @) L9 k' C2 ~  ^
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
) K: f+ X5 L$ W( `' ^9 C% xD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
  h8 l3 m: X6 v* Fshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.6 F8 n+ l3 |3 ^/ k" z. P
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
4 {# P4 ?, e& F! hlatching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type5 K: C3 A, I! A
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.: _) Z4 f# ]) r8 ]; v
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
' e, I  M: Y/ Adoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
8 Y$ p  ^, y! |# Hhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.  ?( U/ E! g9 C
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of$ @; K, i6 P. O) q. i- [  E( ]5 L) y3 z& S
doors.  Y' P& ~2 _& d( j6 o' ?
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
, C. J9 D( M7 u4 f7 j9 d180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
9 ^$ s7 d( `% b# h0 g5 B6 Z1 ]3 g1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.: G- M. g3 x( E# I$ W
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
$ Q, D  d0 D7 J3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.: K) s$ x5 B( Z- I8 G! y
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary$ `3 w9 e4 x- K. p
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.: a9 b3 R' T0 s+ S* B/ }$ U
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
& V: H) @+ T' Rinches high x door width less 1-inch.0 h; U# l. r* O0 ^
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
% u2 X& a  O- U8 ?' W1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
: A: U" u: I  D8 v8 W5 G  F& e! ]! |2 CL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
3 N8 X/ a4 W4 T2 Pknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
  _! @" N# y+ }3 KListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal0 b1 F' n- E# r
doors.
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2.3 FINISHES2 {7 Q# e6 ~, g  [/ l2 q6 J
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware- F: y# a- L) q, M- @
Manufacturer's Association"./ \$ P1 |8 t7 F$ N4 W/ X( r9 c
1. 600 - Prime Coat; M$ c3 K- P; F( P4 b
2. 626 - Dull Chromium
7 H+ k* N) S, F7 E+ K3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel1 ?. o9 ?) u9 d% n* j+ h* Q# X( B
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
, i6 s: D9 i4 bB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
! Y3 ~+ Y  x5 T) s1 e( g! N% i! \C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
* @' N% Q# U! h8 q( yD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
: i0 |+ d: Q! Y  `/ O( l1 vE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
* L2 q: v) R8 o) `F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
: F$ C. W  G9 `. \7 SG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
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+ A; O2 U9 M& L4 G6 ~2.4 KEYING% Z' n$ f4 Y- i- I
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be, s0 B; t/ k2 H# h
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the/ z3 k# P+ `* o4 N; c! c" Q
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
: r9 l+ H" a6 L/ F1 |8 \; g" S! qdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the& _) _0 ^& b: u( ?3 R. z
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
: I. ]2 Q+ r4 r4 X1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond# P& p! l1 h. E8 L
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.8 w5 G! G% H! A' J  e# h1 F
B. Keys:: d) P0 |1 c$ v. r  n( n- W
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side4 @6 [  o! r9 a8 T
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".; f, A8 X4 `! a# f3 u$ M" U
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed- J2 D& N; v" G# S
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.  J8 E9 `9 b& }; R
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via4 |( [6 n6 r  O: \
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and: F8 _$ ~: A# E7 @3 v  k% ^
identified by door locations.! P! I& v. }: G4 U( V9 X
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,; u, ]% }3 d5 u9 x2 ]
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
8 y8 i/ m* _3 S6 ~- j3 T4 I2 ecylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
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2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
; h2 l2 E7 P: @& ]A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the. O9 @* g% X! V5 U
following hardware or their equal:
$ Z) [( ?5 X+ B3 P$ C0 ~. y$#
8 V% w4 W* s4 F* E. ZNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
- K0 i$ n6 U0 I8 n: ^applicable to this project.2 J) g9 f5 l  D+ _2 m" M
#$
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2.6 TEMPLATES; o7 I. T5 }. N
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
4 ^/ [1 ~8 U, Z( \! l2 lphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
1 \8 S5 x; C9 T, {& {
; c; G/ ]3 h* d8 t2 u' |PART 3 -- EXECUTION
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3.1 GENERAL
7 q# i8 x; L" q3 @) x5 r5 A; R# u4 AA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
* l& v0 C. z( q8 _cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
/ J4 r" x3 h. q1 C3 w0 \B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR- Q4 S9 D% S# r- [0 ^
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that0 Y" O  W$ A8 E, A) ]/ u( e1 O
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
$ N5 M6 s0 K4 J  f4 RC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
  X- X, z2 o4 {, Sreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.( r+ H" j9 ?) i& ^
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other: E/ H8 Y* r7 V$ F
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and' ]  H9 z3 T1 l- v
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
! Z4 |) ~6 E, t2 `+ v; D0 Uacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.% Y& X* l& M# f) Q

" W5 C! a" N  R! z3.2 INSTALLATION
3 \: n6 [3 K4 C8 M  YA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.6 L  r% F/ W, g  ]8 f  c
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for3 s' @$ H, [0 t7 B; M
proper operation.8 T) e9 n4 |. s+ C9 s% C
C. Make work neat and secure.  T9 B* }& y' m
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware3 }$ t/ \) h4 I9 ^: p$ V2 Y8 x2 `
installation.
! t- F& V& Q0 t% k, _& iE. Latchbolts:
$ l4 D$ s5 Q5 P, J  i6 z% B1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
; C8 [+ k* }9 J4 h, d2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.5 \- B: a2 \4 J/ N6 V
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.' V9 Q* c4 Z7 X( R  L4 z; J9 P& a
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
1 b' L8 ?, F5 Y7 sH. Thresholds:
8 P- r! U' }6 r$ _7 a1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.5 J; e  e. Y6 N) h
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
- {, b* G  n' K& B. E% ]1 c; gI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.& P6 p. j& H& ?
J. Replace damaged hardware items.
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' _. C. f7 P$ G) f3.3 PROTECTION1 T- C3 n& p9 S& ]; t7 b6 E( ?
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
" v' t+ t8 x- V  B0 V" Lcompletion.' q4 O* _( R9 ^' G
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
+ J/ ^: |; Q1 {0 j! ~C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's1 J' ^9 z, b0 b" P
recommendations.1 |' U9 f! Y/ F/ @- ~& }
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
5 ]8 H1 M8 n9 w/ @3 h& }* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
2 P) |' L: Z: I主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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