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1. Introduction$ G+ v! H7 A' Q) F9 R Q
Wind Energy Resources+ ?' _6 i1 z# T
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?+ r( @6 p$ e+ ]8 Y, m6 `1 E
2. The Coriolis Force
! \ \6 u$ k3 t4 o' ?: |) c3. Global Winds. w2 J c1 {0 H) J: }4 Y1 H
4. Geostrophic Wind
+ O" w& V3 J' r+ q5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
; `# N* J- A' v$ }+ M) K g6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds* z2 w9 _& b; B5 q# R. V
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
. b+ s# a$ i( M) C$ M: |3 h* K% e8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind
L: i; B5 x& Z8 g3 V9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed- b2 {: J" R O
10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
, n7 `; k. a3 m+ L, e' f11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice
5 _* c8 n/ U2 C( G; A- \12. The Wind Rose
n; f' i3 \+ f- H13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)
( C, T6 [/ M3 r3 ~5 r2 t. n5 N* f14. Roughness and Wind Shear
$ s- U: y7 d% j: o15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)) d- ~# a. X r* k
16. Wind Shear and Escarpments
$ c7 f. t' F/ D& b' k P9 w k17. The Roughness Rose
: q8 _3 O; @- p5 ^. z) d18. Wind Speed Variability
! `9 h0 Q6 ?# P& H e# _19. Turbulence
$ d; F7 ], _* S& y* R0 \20. Wind Obstacles
# ?- K5 }/ [, K' l2 L% s1 F, |9 f21. Wind Shade Q' A% y% T" K/ ~: B$ F
22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator# k" o% [, J- F
23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)7 D- `' K! l6 R4 z. K
24. Wake Effect) F3 m0 H6 q' C, P
25. Park Effect
. D5 ^, \9 x* \( {& o26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
0 i0 W& B+ p+ E- y I2 C+ M) i27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect. B: }# _. z+ p: Y3 |
28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site
: F7 h; l: ^+ f5 Q29. Offshore Wind Conditions
# P! C5 R5 v5 t; P2 p5 m# f5 u30. Wind Map of Western Europe
1 b8 ~& ?7 ~9 N/ n31. Wind Map of Denmark9 O0 M ~; ]+ u. |( w* m+ n, h
2." _0 a! b% j1 F2 \
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output u- B# ]' X/ E$ ~% ~" U
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution
. |3 T: ]& T2 Q! Y2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape, X4 u2 j$ @" R4 W- D% a
3.! \& G( f% j& L2 `. P+ z6 F
3, 4, or IE 4)
. j2 ^/ C5 F0 n+ Z! c3. The Average Bottle Fallacy3 [* @2 Y/ F0 d
4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind
6 d. ~ v7 Y8 W* Y6 J5. Betz' Law
7 i. |9 {' I5 n5 o* N7 H6 Q" d6. Power Density Function/ L& R6 v+ ~+ Y, p" ^4 w3 w
7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine
. h: \% T3 |% @& l9 D8. The Power Coefficient
* ^: Y+ U& ]6 }( p1 h! `" ]! s0 z9 V3 Y9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator( x$ @+ |" z/ g& l- U
Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
" E% d* x0 Y/ |3 z$ p, TIE 4)' k5 _/ v7 E! k' G
10.6 | H. N! R4 ?0 U: e% [% t, ~
11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine9 a1 M$ W0 Q6 k* b1 g+ L
How Does a Wind Turbine Work?
' s: P1 Q* a% F+ o% a2 p5 o1. Wind Turbine Components
7 A7 c1 x. }: } s# S5 Q3 w8 Q2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
$ A+ m0 l9 [! J. g) [3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag
1 a8 N1 d* I j" c3 J8 Y4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions9 `# N: B% q: X; y. d
5. Rotor Aerodynamics' m) O5 v4 e7 C0 s
6. Rotor Blades
; F3 \) _% I! p' t3 J$ Z, ~) e8 d7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
8 a& H( R% x, W- ^) `8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism- x( u! m0 E1 g6 P' x
9. Wind Turbine Towers9 O, |! a3 ^8 K
10. Wind Turbine Generators
9 R6 ], G$ o) j: W# p$ V11. Synchronous Generators
: f# P% A. u* @$ g8 ~: S12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed3 {. h) _ l- w& F& b
13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators
4 `4 l3 g! F9 _3 j5 P14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles. \; |4 s! F4 T" \, ]: o
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines k8 S, V- s0 v2 x/ V! S
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
( ^2 t2 @( j) ]; j17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines
- j2 R, t/ e1 f18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
! J2 g, T3 L' b4 s- O Y19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines3 U9 W" B* n" W X. x3 ?' I/ L
20. Size of Wind Turbines1 D; ]% ~2 M# y0 i
21. Wind Turbine Safety
& O) O/ ]" m, L: {' ?6 A+ z7 i22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety8 d* o- K5 A" M7 m2 g0 r) U% k8 {. e
4.
9 U3 i$ y9 `/ W$ d& }5 M& {% s1 DDesigning Wind Turbines2 F1 p$ V$ v& A1 F0 U
1. Basic Load Considerations
8 [5 M+ @* E I$ w# z/ |2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?
2 n B8 W; W* U( W" g! P3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?
- b% N# f& {0 X- n( `4 o# B4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?
/ x) B4 \2 M, `9 s- f. ~5. Optimising Wind Turbines
3 N+ l Q. c4 Q: |9 ~+ v6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines, N+ p c3 i) m0 g% l/ C% G' {) _
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines
9 B1 S+ S& N, Y0 \2 O5.
/ H3 P& C2 F9 z7 y L9 IManufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines# n/ N$ y. ]5 E, k- n% g. O7 I
Manufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama
* U3 ^% G, b& m5 D* Mrequires QuickTime plugin)" S8 }; u, n1 z% Q
1.
. ~& g8 F* Q: X0 }; _! v9 B2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW3 e; \. \0 i7 B5 W5 N8 h! f1 _0 y
3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers. `' X ]! Y# B: D% a1 j% N
4. Welding Turbine Towers9 P) o$ _7 }# B) Q
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers
1 }1 w( ^- Y. g+ F) p6.' N" U8 X, f1 e3 Y+ P# G# J1 Y
Research and Development in Wind Energy
1 k, e# c1 W, p( }; E3 @5 s1. Research and Development in Wind Energy
. A. r8 l/ @6 q& t2 N" P2. Offshore Wind Power Research
( ]: |! b4 N+ ]2 M* U* d3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
3 |* J6 X( N2 K4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
a: b( e+ @9 X, e& k4 \5 H5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
2 f3 _9 W; f0 b6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile* V A: ^+ h% y# D
7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod+ _! p/ w& E" w; _- s
7.9 i$ I% l& `; s: ^1 k0 k
Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
5 k1 K' J5 N7 t; b1. Wind Energy Variations8 n% ]. t/ b3 k4 F3 x ]
2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy+ D8 a: C: R" [$ ]9 x
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues( M, e; I! [7 W& K- e* ]% h, L2 D
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks7 ?5 p- ?$ V+ a- z- z9 C5 Q; G: j
8.0 R4 J D, n0 P& t: k6 E6 ^9 Z* S
Wind Energy and the Environment
" ^( q, r- M- ^' A7 `* {1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape2 y7 ?; e8 J N4 v, p3 u" V- N+ p
2. Sound from Wind Turbines
; M& s k8 [- w3 V {3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels" A- F w9 h l' u. f1 E6 F
4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)3 b- b+ u7 p# D2 Q( j
Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
s1 }/ L2 r9 V+ P" Z- d/ h9 M, yIE 4)
- d/ {* u+ ]" ?! j: H6 X5.4 d5 l4 S( _2 y; [0 T4 h8 `
6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines) B6 u. T$ O7 ~5 j7 {& s6 H7 P9 ~
7. Birds and Wind Turbines1 a$ r! ]* s5 `9 d
8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
4 T1 a6 D; y( h& U5 R8 f+ E; l* ?9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines0 U: X/ c1 t+ \0 d* ?
10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines
" R. ]: j2 ]8 f; e* F3 L11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines/ `7 i$ s% U1 e
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines+ P5 f. |: W, p# k6 n l$ f
13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator. h6 h# ~% S7 @- Z' }- k
Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
" K5 J+ _7 r( B+ PIE 4)
2 q! A5 c+ `" N% z14.$ }7 p9 d9 ], p$ y I+ G
9.
* n" a5 L0 _# L. S5 J% L8 M5 r; NWind Energy Economics
- K: S% s, `% P6 U m. W1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
+ J6 n4 G0 o* t s+ n2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines* r$ g/ q$ d. x! o0 l5 Y+ b
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs( v1 w3 t0 R' V+ G9 d0 r
4. Income from Wind Turbines
; ~+ X k5 [) z7 { m5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs
9 V- p- ^5 R; R/ C2 C/ a% s6. Basic Economics of Investment: r# V5 d; P( b s& h$ I
7. Wind Energy Economics
, L0 t# O( `2 |. f, g* z% B! W8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator* Y5 Q9 t o& m0 P4 a/ p. o
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,
$ M3 T4 s. {4 O% I) tor IE 4)
& M( R: N6 a% q" ]% J9.9 z' J" q9 F; l+ W6 O
10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
# R: Y0 _- L% z" o5 {0 h3 p! p11. Wind Energy and Employment
* P) d% _+ Z8 U6 i8 n5 d10.1 ~- G! @3 g5 |
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)8 g( c6 g; _9 Y T8 Y5 h! B
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour
% j+ k, s6 u2 R7 Q2 S2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-19507 D1 Q; b! |* g0 }
3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine* h" U9 k+ h S
4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s$ W, } F5 w: }7 Q |. [; |
5. The California Wind Rush
2 Z* _% ]- Z( D Q6 D o U11.
" m$ u4 g2 ~% a6. Modern Wind Turbines
. I+ Y1 O% Q' y" R7. Offshore Wind Turbines
+ N A3 O. g( O# p/ d' j2 R1 |8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
0 l' T/ d, D6 `1 ~& R: B9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines* e' f# b- f# q
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
(1.67 MB, 下载次数: 26)
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09