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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?1 l7 c0 u9 s/ @% f  _
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。0 d; g6 H3 }4 P$ n, `
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- T( o- ~& |; {; G此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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$ F. C* D0 n/ e8 X0 I4 V[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。3 s& D& N6 x9 i: G; i9 p3 v, i

2 Q9 G+ M& T0 n! q/ l4 [工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
" [5 k8 I' Z5 D9 x+ w& M国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
' d; P& m8 Z; `我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。' K  Y- i; {5 N2 u; l2 D9 w- P

) `0 v: t( r- G7 U0 D* d具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
6 i! O9 d# m' f- B2 W8 A9 r( i. mhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。# Y% N9 j+ ]" ]$ `

; `' N# E: B" ]/ F1 Y$ A1 l工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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# x8 ^5 c8 W: `8 p8 V$ N8 u[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!& r/ T- y+ c9 y- q6 S
经常见到的文件有以下几种:
7 C, r# w8 T2 _3 H$ q6 ^1 bspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......2 k+ |- D; a# W, G% J5 r
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!, W5 a$ V7 {' o7 {; p' h

4 c* V, z( P: ]0 I. R5 D, lINDEX
# }. I! c0 I- K2 [1.0 SCOPE.
4 _. k, e" E, o$ s3 ]1.1 General.
! O# G& A2 {& r. h& v1.2 Definitions. 4 |4 R: o1 }' z# s5 K" N1 v* x
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS.
6 `! d, a7 T. i0 j. E2 W$ r2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
: \- ^3 A, S( ]* y3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
) \6 v5 o& b! n3 l4.0 BASIC DATA.. ) A* V- p5 }+ o, `" u
4.1 Design Life.
/ p6 r/ [2 a- e- x5 e  N5 h4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
# V4 v$ e5 @: ^! @! b4.3 Protection Current Density..
+ J1 B6 i4 Z+ P4.4 Energy..
( _2 u2 n9 l# \5 D- ]0 M$ _8 S& Q0 G4.5 Test Posts. 3 i/ f9 H5 V/ r6 v2 F
4.6 Insulating Joint.. % t2 c- j4 B5 W) E
4.7 Effect of Electric Line. ' g: E! U5 N1 r$ j: H& ^% P- a! y
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
, }7 j* \6 S. {' ]( H5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..   C1 x1 Q* V$ Y( F: M6 A" z
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
* n0 \9 o7 `# g" f7 N5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
  O5 B' T. j3 [6 _8 E5.3 Anodes.
1 E' n- Y3 p  v7 j1 T; d% A" g% Y5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. ! A; b0 i4 Z8 x5 m" v( j
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
% D$ f( ?: J5 x/ e0 \5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. ) p' ^1 Y* N& B/ x( t+ ^" [
5.7 Cables. 8 n2 j; _; j+ R4 R
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. " n4 G# t) ~. W- N! L1 C
5.9 Groundbed..
" [6 r; X4 o+ b% P9 R; }5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... . w3 s1 e3 F- e: F
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... 8 z; O* _7 u" ]8 C1 U/ D5 N/ J5 s
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... 7 `' s( t7 ^: M& [
7.0 INSTALLATION..
. v( F! x3 p) H+ v. D' Z2 H1 l3 a" I8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
/ u. n3 u4 C# O7 V  h3 w+ C' A9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
8 m# p9 g% G9 `10.0 SPARE PARTS.
5 f$ X( o" o- R( S" C; u: D6 \% J. @0 Z' p) D0 g6 V
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
" N& b- I) y0 b[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
  Z& Y) ~* f5 S' |: D: U3 [SECTION 08710
+ H2 U6 g: R- o& d* {; EFINISH HARDWARE
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NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier$ X0 f( e/ A# K' j1 m) Z/ W
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.- E# E+ n, |6 F* _2 u
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
0 Q, I. G/ g8 J$ u  D* x) eNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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1 `( C- D6 A* e9 Q7 q. K# g: XPART 1 -- GENERAL# I, B& C% b, q2 o

- T* l% }8 l  W+ b1 d; f4 `1.1 THE REQUIREMENT0 h$ l7 b) a+ O! t
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,. l0 V7 r5 h0 z/ t5 u  p
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated/ ~" `/ H# h7 i
on the Drawings and specified herein." ^0 x/ b" O! O3 k+ A( L/ ~: H
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1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE7 g# l+ L0 f. f( l
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
8 r" p# o+ ^- z8 l! o% U- eB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
( V  v: C1 ?  w4 R0 ^7 U' z/ yC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.& w  c. o2 d# h" l7 M# J  ~
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
, X  G( |" I& oE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
) H# G$ P- ^" W1 p: b$ z( qF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
3 C+ g6 g) a+ w. X) Z) P  ~G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
% {7 \& s- _4 e4 D1 E1 vH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
$ C. Y9 j. n- z2 z8 }; k0 ?7 X. g0 X& O9 s2 T* d
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS  D' P9 n7 l+ W/ U
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.- ?$ E  B7 {$ d6 ]0 J; w
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.. L/ D( j* G9 ]% r' a6 m
1. Commercial Standards:0 G0 e. k7 O2 o! l: F3 G
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.( m! G* G9 L0 K  E% k0 O) f
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
1 o1 x" {* c. Z& \2 MSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware( O4 t3 F$ C5 B1 S; c  b3 g
Scheduling and Format.
! Z9 V4 d6 D+ g2 aBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association$ q, N: Z& _$ ?
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware7 r2 a# P* l* {
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published  G+ x, B( v/ I8 f' V7 M
recommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
& S! y2 E  |! E3 A! z# xA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.; E+ F0 b. \% o2 W. T; u. b
B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.# X* a* g1 t  A0 ?' S' q5 E1 T
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
7 [- D6 e4 }" Z$ i3 I  yhardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.. o) L3 ]  b- D2 ?
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
# U' p7 c! n, I5 m. ^. n: A; Chardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
& Y6 |# M4 h# NNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
2 O  O- v* H+ o8 U5 k: |( b' O& oENGINEER.
6 ^- R4 U' q" ~+ H4 e6 L3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series, t0 u* d1 `, U/ J8 f
numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,5 A  o5 \7 T& c
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and) Y' e! p/ r: _3 `0 L4 X
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
2 x! ~" Q5 L" B$ L9 k2 t4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,2 |/ G7 t2 W- {" d# V
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
1 {% A0 h! n6 s; ^( m7 Y7 s0 YHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".9 ^, q; y4 J1 z5 X7 S8 a: Q3 q
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
3 S# x/ Q8 K; A4 ?) Sdata for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
( O0 A& ?0 q# O* ^3 R6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.& ]; U( x. x0 J, I, C
9 @/ L5 }' O1 S# z6 u4 m4 h
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
- j% R, V- d; X( L" fA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
/ G% Q$ q& Q" Z7 m& @indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
/ T$ r9 @! a) |$ `8 E$ R2 Fspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
/ n1 r8 G5 x5 ~/ n  MSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
8 l+ P5 B. K7 Mmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility# m# C: z2 s4 `5 D5 {: {5 |  Z( Y8 y; K
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate! O; |2 B8 X% O' j" x# m' J
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.# l1 O1 w8 \% L3 Q
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING% v. k7 s/ |& D  I
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.+ F" I% r% F! V" x, \
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings* u. |- K9 k8 N) p; A5 d% a' G% D
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
- I! _* V4 @" }* |, S7 _( |contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from* L5 q/ a/ Q8 F$ ^4 f$ Y% N
the reviewed hardware list.' u8 e8 D* h7 r9 G6 B
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER# x3 A+ v0 `! m  f: `  {
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
( p1 B' g9 Y& A0 u! H" B0 q' R. v0 Q# X& D$ n  K2 ]. _
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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2.1 GENERAL. H. w. Y  |9 V+ @! Q) j
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
- `; d) Y. ^' k* ?: qindicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
# i( v! M  n7 H3 {functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is3 ^0 I* o' u# Q0 G8 p
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
2 b3 h: Z* E. |  VB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for, M% j* V  F5 u* w
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.
$ W4 F7 p3 N# Z: HC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require( c2 i5 W/ Q' _' C$ `8 `6 V  {
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
$ E) r) Z4 b7 C9 Z% R5 ^returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
$ E' H% s, n; ~; L: q! Rconformance with specified requirements.+ u" T4 S! o/ |
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
# W! M  U1 r+ W# W0 `8 rcompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.) z4 z* ^3 f3 |7 a
4 \  L6 B/ g1 k9 j9 R; I1 Y( M* B
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
$ `6 e# [# l6 S+ GA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel% g9 L6 h" d4 a
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
( p7 v# \; E  s: V5 _4 [B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and5 |/ t" p9 N/ m# j& c0 ~0 j
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
0 T# f5 m9 P. k: y3 eC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.3 v; \$ {. X; u6 q% a# \5 I
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
- W& x# B" Z9 \3 d/ e, G; X+ @D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
1 |1 I/ f7 l$ @; Gshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
6 a2 m- H+ O( I8 Q% }' hE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,
! s. A' r2 @, c7 K& platching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type* f. V. z  t6 u2 A
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.* P+ u3 H* w/ l/ f/ g2 ^4 l; j
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a+ @- G% B; j" r. j: O1 v( s
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in+ R- s" G+ s2 Z8 A) B
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
; z  ~% q; y5 N! c1 ^! N7 u% pG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
5 ~& w! ~! ~4 \2 `! p; j1 ]doors.
6 {) B: s$ N  h9 G9 G6 ^! M4 N0 ?H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to  J+ Y& i+ C) i1 c
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
' ]' j$ `1 A5 D1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
$ Z( |$ a' W: F8 k$ k2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
, ^0 {& z+ T$ n3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
: R2 E( A! k. q3 Z6 JI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary: Z/ \& v$ m+ {# [' C
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.) X8 k4 v* o- |2 [5 S- Z) v& y
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
+ \1 J) z, O3 _2 j4 n, Kinches high x door width less 1-inch.( T1 F7 C/ Z1 s9 ~5 D
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-) {( `. c9 D+ b2 j
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
& u8 v6 R% d# `5 gL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control) c1 z" U( |( |
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)2 M. h( `7 D0 a# E. c
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
  h5 x6 y- J$ Vdoors.
$ j( r1 u* Q" q. k# C; x" L( c
, x- f1 ]# T: u, u4 H* |- U2.3 FINISHES/ G+ L- f5 a: V7 F+ [: Q
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware% w! m, y! v; P% N
Manufacturer's Association".
9 S" ^- v9 w: L3 D8 H1. 600 - Prime Coat
8 p8 Q% [0 Q2 T* |2. 626 - Dull Chromium1 X  P/ y1 J# i$ Z( ^
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
$ c- E9 L7 H7 d$ Y& z: a8 g! f# W$ `4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel' z5 ?7 o; i0 w3 e- o0 @
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.% d) c. q% @& w9 D
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
$ P7 _; q+ b8 s4 K, [! YD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish0 N; ]+ F$ R2 x+ X* ?
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
4 ]( a1 V% l- g+ }2 P7 a9 PF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.( l9 N6 V% C0 p
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified./ E0 P; R1 {. }# q& N  j2 E: u

1 e, s6 v# \- g' ?! l2.4 KEYING
& C4 L/ c- n) _! h+ a  T% G% qA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be! K0 U4 R7 R: O! R! M/ w+ [
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the: g. L/ p7 z  P  C5 E8 {
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective7 n" [5 Q7 O9 T! v6 H) @
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
: ~+ T7 |! D% L/ Y+ v8 Q  shands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
$ Z3 R$ x9 o: f# d2 u& R8 R. |) J1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
7 b8 H9 d7 I, s0 l8 hwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
: ], e- W4 e, N2 `# r  AB. Keys:1 a1 t$ Q4 ~' @% ^  C" ~' [. R+ @; `
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
& ?& k& X( [! K+ X- q"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".% q$ f" Y& j6 w9 ^2 A2 o4 L6 |
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
2 t0 `: @$ y- c/ a* m& Ddifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
- P6 x* U1 [' J- p3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
- a. U; U( N2 _$ ?) {. v4 RRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
4 S9 k) O6 A! Y6 h: _/ yidentified by door locations.
) g) t3 ~6 v: \, a3 w4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,
5 b  j% @. O  F+ uthe INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock# t8 A# M5 p/ K4 l9 o
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.$ `9 g* E5 j8 f* K# w% y

1 u; U4 d. h' L2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE# j: O2 x( U8 J$ Q8 @' N
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
4 n6 G1 r3 |; k7 W" yfollowing hardware or their equal:
% I7 g. R  ^( ?$#9 f. C* c) A+ x* w$ R9 K0 O/ {
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
3 U' \4 f/ C9 R' @; T/ papplicable to this project.0 U1 a. x$ F: y% p5 T% v4 G
#$
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2.6 TEMPLATES
- [0 a0 _2 B0 }: N, T$ C$ cA. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or, k- e2 q& a3 b1 R- p$ i3 d
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.# s; n6 W# K+ B$ r- }
0 V' I$ h' F3 {2 a7 R3 j' V
PART 3 -- EXECUTION7 W0 b3 g* G. H) e
4 U, W6 d- h0 @
3.1 GENERAL
5 q7 l6 m" \: A9 T8 O- P6 s! ZA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock' ~7 T$ V, e  |& x( u, N  A
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
% ~' v2 w3 A/ w. {9 ]B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR7 w' N" b5 P5 S: L- r  X
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
7 q: i3 P3 L# p% ndoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
3 r; Y. Q. W9 @6 M$ XC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall) P$ Q. K% @& d9 J; i# ^1 U% G+ y# X
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders., l* F4 [5 K, h7 ~
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other- x! s! @7 T, v- l+ q, `
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
3 f% U2 K: M9 v& B4 w2 T3 c2 kother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and7 a% ^+ z* `0 U# O1 ?/ M6 i
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
5 J6 N; x" b# }/ {) N" t  \
6 ?: u& ^9 [: N2 P* o5 \3.2 INSTALLATION
8 y1 o) U9 V1 R, @3 F5 GA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.# ]! O" Y) f, U7 o/ Y5 O  V
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for* z% N+ U+ F+ y5 v
proper operation.
; j* ~+ w& ?' J& F) B, c" e4 KC. Make work neat and secure.
( T: W4 ?  g1 rD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware3 N. A' j6 e, S# @% H1 v7 k& i- D
installation.5 f" b, |( [  m+ f! V" K
E. Latchbolts:2 H# p* P. T5 x* \2 D
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
+ t  z/ l# N( V  ^! c9 m: Y, b2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
, ]  V$ p6 B3 Y- j7 B, a1 `4 LF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.; K# a6 y* C) b" A  C. a! Z, L5 j
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.0 C* W( J3 x! b2 A+ `9 Z! L
H. Thresholds:
' }. N) }7 j: u$ {/ K. q+ C1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
6 R4 m. P4 B# f0 _2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
- Y% t! l) O( x$ J, K6 V7 tI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
3 a+ t+ m) X9 uJ. Replace damaged hardware items.' ^! K. K5 ^; j8 e# \
/ ?4 c* G1 ~5 Z  G+ ~
3.3 PROTECTION
: R. I: ~& ]4 g- gA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
3 l0 w# _9 k3 w1 s; R, V0 acompletion.7 x/ [, _' F/ U, s
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
' n0 s) `# ^1 J# }/ wC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
  V- K# j, V4 Q, t* Wrecommendations.9 {- E/ C# {1 ]) p  |6 {9 v" j8 @* i
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.) s+ H- ^+ c# C* T2 [
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
+ [6 g- d; ]  v, U0 w9 r% N主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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