QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

登录 | 注册 | 找回密码

三维网

 找回密码
 注册

QQ登录

只需一步,快速开始

展开

通知     

查看: 7121|回复: 18
收起左侧

[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

[复制链接]
发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

马上注册,结识高手,享用更多资源,轻松玩转三维网社区。

您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有帐号?注册

x
有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
  l: x% W0 l3 [5 o2 U$ z1 A8 T, `. S. W2 l( C( D

' U3 _, \2 B2 Y, N2 s" P据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
6 [6 c; A4 \) B( m+ j' k) L1 ]0 u* _; c2 i% q* G6 ]2 _: R  t
1 o- R; O/ `( i% F' @
此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。8 n# M% }. h9 ^: J. b% M

+ ?/ S. K7 q. y2 H  z, i. ^[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 论题有新意

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +3 收起 理由
et998866 + 3 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。; |1 {. G# r$ ^/ I0 Y) j' d5 M
9 P( F# R" j" R" j  p3 T1 Q. T
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

评分

参与人数 1三维币 +5 收起 理由
et998866 + 5 技术讨论

查看全部评分

 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
- |; U! w! c- f国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

8 F" G( x! o0 ^9 H国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。, H, s) C. t/ \
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
) a9 x. U7 u* A% {+ s2 d. b& G  A! k. v
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:
$ Y- {) {* X7 o4 B& uhttp://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
9 K' L4 k( [5 @8 |! T
4 ?/ }  P2 W7 R" q工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。' r2 k9 A5 h# G2 M$ o2 r2 f- u

9 p( a" r" B# e" c) r[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!/ l( ]5 T3 r" g5 X% p
经常见到的文件有以下几种:
) t' A- n( \$ F/ E: Rspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
6 u$ p5 B+ z# Z; F! Q5 G4 r( {5 u! M  E9 w那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!1 K% A" \- d2 `# ]
8 I7 V$ i/ t$ l" `& K$ D; o
下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
- U% m# J9 q) ^: ]; i& C5 ^, A! D+ E; V+ w: H$ i
INDEX5 G9 f" N% B5 |" d) b7 E% ?
1.0 SCOPE. * c8 o6 \* y9 }  {: U" e' w* e& h
1.1 General.
  W( h9 |  u  |3 h# ~2 z1.2 Definitions. 8 W- U3 b3 \! f4 o7 B* H; s
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. " j8 g. N( }- b$ @0 \8 H
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. 8 w; a, }9 V2 S1 W. w5 |
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
$ Y, ^8 @  O. ]( s% A# J, f" \4.0 BASIC DATA..
+ A2 C5 H8 i( D7 Y4 L4.1 Design Life. 1 S  @1 V6 H2 H7 w) [
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. 2 t, D0 D8 v+ l6 ^, v9 ~; Y& k
4.3 Protection Current Density..
$ a% L& a! n# ?/ \4.4 Energy.. ) ~6 I& h" l% b& G* v* l
4.5 Test Posts. ( x0 a8 t. l! W4 l. F; e
4.6 Insulating Joint..
! \$ c# b+ h2 K. U/ _- I3 \+ ^4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
1 j, o  I2 H, h8 D& ]4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 8 W& ]  l9 p: H; H) ~- b4 l
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
+ O# Y3 v& e+ i( [8 P5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
, y+ `- z1 T6 K* T9 E5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. " b" q, e' T' i
5.3 Anodes. 9 ?9 X, @: I7 K1 a) ^0 Q6 j
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. , |1 s- E; h% L# p) Z) m0 B& {4 W, O
5.5 Anode Junction Box.. 8 U- L7 h* q( E8 X' j. y) Q: H
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
: D- x3 g" V, J' n- @5.7 Cables.
( W' t8 ]& |( o2 U" |& r5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. 0 K& v7 [; p  a" M( m0 w
5.9 Groundbed..
* D/ }: h1 j8 r( @! ^5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... # i4 M, J7 `& n7 G. b/ E6 x
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
. p" }9 D3 D- V- j0 g6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ( M* u* R5 }5 }
7.0 INSTALLATION.. 6 D+ z/ ]0 O4 @0 ?% p6 v
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
! _+ ^7 M" U5 o8 P( E: n& o& |9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
/ f6 B9 r3 |; Z* R/ G10.0 SPARE PARTS. . y. {1 s+ n0 q( K
8 p. Z$ g$ ^" X; q1 f0 A) H5 ^
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
( a3 l3 K# Y7 V) E/ ?0 U0 R[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
& ^" Z; k1 P0 d$ }SECTION 08710
: v, x1 m3 A. i  T" H4 iFINISH HARDWARE
, R( ~: O- `! H2 n5 @8 U8 P5 V$#
/ {* w, j2 c) B9 T5 t% F/ X3 X  n$ _NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
" R; j9 c1 t( L1 [1 Gis required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.( H1 ]0 [  I0 W" t. t1 A
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.# k( r( z3 v2 L6 y
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.. _# t, F8 S, O1 i6 E
#$7 [; t: S- a& B: g3 H8 p1 b, t
PART 1 -- GENERAL+ ^4 p( g3 o. c, \0 X6 h

* s+ K; Y6 j. {9 }& s# G: e4 V3 f1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
- Z2 F9 _8 F4 W: u. {; iA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,3 D9 w/ w$ A- U4 }
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated* b( t& N! a1 ]7 y7 E
on the Drawings and specified herein.
8 U( o5 q6 K1 Q
! h( z* u. W; ?1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE. v+ Y7 N/ X( ]% f6 U4 V
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.( J) a6 a" y& _( C5 S
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.4 W& j, e6 Y4 x# z5 ^  F
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
2 e8 `9 d9 m* k  r' x6 t, XD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.. B2 |- A# U2 }6 C+ ^
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.- T! ^3 T# f) q. F6 {9 @6 P3 V) C% m: r
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
  L7 y3 O/ D7 V% t5 FG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
9 q  T3 |3 E! d: |* QH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
) ?  l3 g1 H# c" z( T) [; ^8 w9 H+ Q  G8 D' O& ?. _1 O
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
" D% |, I; ^3 M) DA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
( C' {. x; D7 [5 G, ~; UB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.0 k5 d: h& G5 z1 G) u+ I
1. Commercial Standards:" G& i; t0 J* @
Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.8 j5 \8 A+ A" b0 i% e9 u3 \
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware0 V0 f  g$ F( @7 \# p" Q/ H, D9 j* V
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware& \$ J! N* R4 i$ i2 ^& ~
Scheduling and Format.3 _- P- _( u# r9 \% q; n+ d
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
% c3 z# X: m, J" N- t9 ^2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware( X# s! W8 [4 s& Z
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
! r8 i, d% W/ {9 Q  [2 R0 yrecommendations and specifications.
* M1 n9 H/ `7 D0 N  @0 {
$ U0 ^5 c. _+ e% F/ m  L1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
4 y7 ?* h; g, h; T9 ZA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
" l3 U) V3 N+ I% a1 s* vB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
" ^. J% U, n% j5 B; U! r1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
; i# ]4 {' A/ O& J5 P8 a- j, ahardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
& d7 U5 \* U% P7 W9 L# o2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed" w  \# N% B  T$ S$ s& x, K/ d
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
: |( ?8 }( ], ~" \- }* \! DNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
4 G( p# V( y' w' @( i6 g- |( CENGINEER.3 c* D' z1 M, ?& d5 ?4 a8 `9 H
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
$ {% A# x8 u4 Gnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,3 O% q5 M1 ^) g+ i7 I1 Q5 L  c
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and% g. v, o# ?9 U5 F
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
% T" w+ k* h- m$ e5 [* A( g4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,4 n+ y  h' Q5 N) T% g! J
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
* c6 X, [8 r: e% h" mHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".7 q: O7 f2 }; v0 j7 V
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
' F& n0 w- T, {data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
' y" q1 B4 }7 t3 b6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
$ X* ~, H: S6 J& J; a$ N9 D1 U9 w& L7 S( b
1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE: q1 Y0 Z  |& v  V
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
  ?1 l3 v$ Z" h) w! nindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the1 V( p; B& k7 T3 _
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
8 h8 t' `4 t# m6 F. I$ Y1 GSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be1 o5 Z  b$ S% E7 U
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
; H- @" x$ v: y! u  B0 ^to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
# a  O  G- J8 E: x& {% Vevaluation of all proposed substitute items.6 a& I: Q6 A2 I& ~
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
5 g' B% m! c3 Q% _6 T0 a3 F$ p  XA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
, Q5 z) i) z- B! l* {B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings$ g# S; A6 G: j* l) n
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its* A6 z( J2 o9 t* H4 A& E
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from4 b7 t" w% D8 e; Q) y
the reviewed hardware list.
. c3 L6 I4 N+ l. x3 d1 ZC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER2 B; f5 ^0 o3 e% v
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
0 P* Z9 \$ x& W1 R! R; y; u( r4 y7 B. x
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS- B* k$ z) u3 Q  {; E% I4 b; i
7 p$ o* o1 B8 j8 t3 g
2.1 GENERAL
, H8 p, o+ E+ F+ G8 K; x) ZA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of& h$ U' @; ^7 U8 `* A7 z! Z
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and2 y$ f* F# w3 @8 _. [
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
3 Q1 g6 L6 f; P7 \# k, W8 {9 U% Lfully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.# P8 r+ s' t9 E" _6 ]. m
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
' l' L+ G: g( z6 L- Sappearance, maintenance, and replacement.3 A) u1 Q# `# s, X3 o+ @& e
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
% ?! j  j7 x5 Y1 [$ N% p+ _submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be6 M( z  m) D8 Q; N! _4 ^2 Z& d
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
% O. \3 a! t8 @9 |, f% d% bconformance with specified requirements.4 J& W6 i3 X& P$ B6 E
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
! f- p' s* t5 n0 Ucompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.' N  T8 ^3 O8 @

4 H& Y' T; j# i' S5 q2.2 PRODUCT TYPES4 r' G: J2 Q7 X" j
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
" q6 |0 B' _, h: Y2 e' K, n5 Hmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.7 q1 R2 ^* f6 N7 s; P/ d$ v
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and5 \5 T" i7 Y" ^, K" e
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
. n/ m* e9 V" pC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
8 C; `/ H: a+ `' DLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.1 |/ M+ ^9 n' t. `" h' Q
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
5 N# V: I$ v% d4 W$ x( ?shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
: j6 }0 {4 P% R2 rE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,3 m5 M1 j3 M- c5 S
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
6 Y) Z1 T5 y6 Z' p- S4 W2 }( F8 Cwith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
# Z" S2 o! ?/ t* v8 ?2 q  _F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
0 Z9 s% P* p; Y8 W% I1 ldoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
6 k4 H' f! n  `/ b: _( Qhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.- }# k8 e0 E6 p" K
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
5 j  d) w; R- edoors.
4 O, j. ~1 y) Z) m5 gH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to: w' `9 m6 ~- y1 M
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.' Z" Z3 |2 n8 [( M! K8 s
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.7 U- I# |6 I9 P
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.4 d9 j' X! [8 C* j9 I& b
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
) H3 D  y6 Q, R/ k( d# _: oI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary% q: }9 t( @# Q$ O+ @( j
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
7 ^* [: G0 ^  {# {2 iJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-/ Y, @5 L# U( \0 X, g" U
inches high x door width less 1-inch.. o4 n, s2 [& D
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-9 O2 m9 G3 N, `. i& p5 h
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
1 i1 w( u8 g8 H3 h* ?% q$ gL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
) |" I1 ~+ x* A. w; E( Cknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
# l# ^/ d/ w2 R2 H' G# o& gListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal5 R) G- o: r% }0 j8 v$ X( Y
doors.
0 Z' c" j2 o" a+ t% K' Q4 Y  y0 Y4 M' K, U: y! w: h+ _
2.3 FINISHES8 S# e7 x4 q/ x  H
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware7 F8 S1 y/ z. N, N, J' q
Manufacturer's Association".
! B6 K8 L) l" y  {( ?0 f1. 600 - Prime Coat
/ J# A  S& |! \6 z8 I2. 626 - Dull Chromium  a# h8 F5 V9 r% s! T
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
( d) H. e5 r$ ]0 w4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel# o* G! o' Y- W4 h0 U* b$ q; l. C
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish., w3 v$ |, _( {$ f9 }, L
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
. ~7 B: e) s8 C/ f  iD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
& \  f8 G. U5 M) f$ }! l6 Z) |E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.- z6 @1 M% f, y, Q5 x$ ?
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
# h7 |  l! D! W6 v' ^. KG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
3 Y6 t$ r4 t  N$ {# m/ ]9 {6 ?; ?) b4 _- T  S7 Q& s+ m
2.4 KEYING
! O1 O- `' X" y5 c$ Q( Q8 o* z. G2 ?A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be: v% k# u1 |: L0 y' [- Y5 n& Y& L5 {
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
" p2 t& m( Y& `7 ZCONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
# k8 v8 v' Y7 a7 m) t' d, Ddoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the0 o8 ~0 \  _$ m) D4 `
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.7 W5 H. e( r, z: G) D. x; T  A
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
) _! g/ D; @, s1 y- s# `  mwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
0 h$ X7 a' f3 r' TB. Keys:
( W( p5 r2 J3 k' q1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side; W+ n/ |: [3 L' P5 o: p+ r: a
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".0 Z7 X( \; s& z4 x# [% [
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed& h& P, C3 ^$ W- \) p9 G
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
5 m; H. E$ p$ Q2 r3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
/ d& D' l, [9 {" ?0 d  BRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and1 L2 R; u$ F( i  \+ i- c
identified by door locations.
5 @% s/ E$ C' y+ o, e& W) m4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,7 }- g% E" O- ]3 h+ o
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock/ i( ^* u  a( {
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
1 L! T8 }- Q0 R5 ~$ J' l* v
( W) n4 J5 M( n' K& U' @2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
0 C5 l. D0 C- `5 u2 ^; xA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
0 ~, Z7 `8 o* W, c7 \- B; P6 Nfollowing hardware or their equal:
9 @2 V) n; A* m9 N2 h$#; ^' t, t: g, r
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware. V/ J( s$ \) z  M+ _2 j
applicable to this project.
; N5 m/ Z' K; E6 W#$/ d) O2 S' e# b6 _1 V6 t# P

7 ]( I( V0 b" W$ T2.6 TEMPLATES1 Q1 c# w: D+ o0 \3 h2 k4 P
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or" c: k: W3 C/ G2 C1 u, `
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
4 q* i( K% S- s& j$ e( E/ d. ]2 D# q+ U1 W% _. \
PART 3 -- EXECUTION/ G* n3 B% N4 W7 \& m4 T
2 F6 r0 y8 X3 p, ^1 H( @+ S  y2 T# M
3.1 GENERAL
3 ]& P5 t. [* Y4 n4 RA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
4 I3 D& P& c$ n' h" u$ }cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.- G; U2 J* D6 }& \) s) T7 l% [  x, A
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
3 e! J/ i. z$ K$ [1 {* Hshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
( C) L' ]' F$ vdoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.+ ?8 d8 x$ S. s0 e7 F8 ?: a
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
7 B9 P- L8 A: A* k) F+ Yreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
0 i, g( W/ B/ R) kD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other; W  R5 A9 e) Z; q
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and8 V& p9 H5 e% V" V7 @
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and7 G5 [3 b; a0 K2 R; N
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
0 W" Y" i0 S2 o* j- D9 J7 J: \' N% ]$ a: u& g
3.2 INSTALLATION4 o% h. q0 K9 W0 y1 B8 C* k6 z
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
+ U" b7 Q# E, J6 [% tB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
/ i' L. W  }) u3 `9 ^proper operation.* b8 u3 H3 r9 y4 e, I' J
C. Make work neat and secure., A# X5 ^" |2 X- e8 T9 {
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
) @! j( u3 Z4 j1 w  @0 H: Ginstallation.
0 R1 r/ s/ t5 [* j. o; `/ I  o4 XE. Latchbolts:- {# b' z) \, W7 x( j5 l
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.3 w; w$ y9 Y+ Z; B
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.4 i! k1 I' L- Q( Y/ g
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
1 i  R3 I% l8 |: PG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
& z$ G; y. w4 Z! B$ c' W* O# ?* gH. Thresholds:* B- ~. |! P2 T5 r! V! ^* T
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
% b4 x+ G& u, o% L3 u0 l6 P9 Z4 c2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
' i5 i* L- `0 ~: X; PI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
, _/ R, a) i7 F- x  I+ ~% LJ. Replace damaged hardware items.
* B, a+ ?, O, J& D- h1 _# ?- W
4 i; k8 ?& [2 M* t/ x  `$ R9 W3.3 PROTECTION
* [# P% i' o$ _; y1 q6 j" `& w* @A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
$ X2 x4 s9 g& y. }1 {$ k1 R! icompletion.2 e% E" b% F# d5 f2 I; C7 C
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.6 y, S/ f) d$ ~2 ]) K' v
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's; c8 x7 n3 O0 a7 t( |  u5 a
recommendations.
7 Q  b% ^+ i" L+ j# ]- t2 `# B0 hD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
* H! O+ \2 h. T, N) x* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
8 A1 X( U) m# ^9 t5 J0 E# z& [主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
发表回复
您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 注册

本版积分规则

Licensed Copyright © 2016-2020 http://www.3dportal.cn/ All Rights Reserved 京 ICP备13008828号

小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|三维网 ( 京ICP备2023026364号-1 )

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表