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目录
/ T) h' A& g4 L) r; b& I( l1力基(标/校)准机 ( )
/ V7 W! H3 ~: A2 P1 }3 F1 }1.1 力 ( Force) ( )0 X4 D* A2 u4 Z: R9 g
1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )
/ `/ ~5 z2 y. o4 R8 X1 |1.3 重力 (gravity) ( )
G8 D% y5 c/ O: P; Z J! S$ d1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( )
0 [, a+ a% j9 {1 k* _" S! R1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )
! U# C5 W7 R9 C& d2 a6 T1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )$ W0 p5 U2 V, Y C8 s1 Q0 _6 l( _
1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
c+ b2 C, W' a) s- T1 T1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( )
/ Y J: r) p% N b, r5 E% v1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
. ~( J) N' {; m; |1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( )) M4 @/ d! K$ K$ ~3 R M8 N
1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( ) H/ k3 ~/ [4 u, H' w# @0 d; t
1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )1 s- u2 m( Z" { @' Q2 j" N2 g$ n- ~" K
1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )
K- Z' q+ ^: @* ^2 ~1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( ), z$ p+ ^6 S* m& i7 R
1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( ); o2 w5 T; k% s& W
1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )& Q3 v* g; r0 F5 Z; _, K0 s1 d$ X
1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )+ C2 n4 P* }. q7 M* E
1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
+ G, ?( Y( [0 R c# _+ S1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )
z E( Y4 j1 c1 C- v1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )
4 ~$ y& |; |1 A+ Q7 \7 K1.21 扭矩校准杠杆(torque-calibration lever) ( )
9 a; g6 x- t, G7 v0 R, }; K8 N' J1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )
2 `1 {% W+ I- A, V/ \; y5 w1 Z5 I1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
0 u2 l) m& ]9 W2 w% A. L1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )
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1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( ); g4 O/ G' } f& e
1.26 力值示偏差(force indication deviation) ( )
$ ?0 W% R: ^6 t3 x; z+ o; e1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( ): f8 ^6 D% }9 r, Z3 }0 D
1.28 力级 (force step) ( )
8 t; \6 u7 P- C% j* L2 k: u3 R1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
. M! P# k, ~! b/ G& J1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( )
p8 F) T0 M L1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( ); K7 O6 f) J0 ]4 F+ {7 s1 ? d
1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( ), U z0 H3 P3 c; q1 q
1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )* z. A; ?6 y. t+ @# Y
1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )
8 M0 ^6 Z! g- w. x; v1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )5 _5 d+ B: C/ o/ A6 n
1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
8 J4 |8 X h1 W) B$ U1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )
( v; f* V6 U2 Z2 q$ O5 N& u1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
C$ _! h7 X5 B! h$ I1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )
V; g) ?5 |6 [1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )
% i. x& O% o" k! i# Z3 m7 P1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )
m1 X q# ?4 G+ ?" D: b% l$ l1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )/ [+ G$ Y0 c8 W1 I4 ~2 L; Y( ~2 V1 w
1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )- y- o) p' ~( o
1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
2 b! M% p3 t N9 }# x1 i( S1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )! O1 c6 T9 K& a% K8 _# B% _
1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( ); ?8 i7 s" G j. @3 |$ `
1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )6 h; j3 R- W: D6 ^
1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )
8 A6 Q2 f! f" J/ V* R1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )5 s; l9 l/ l3 k6 S% J, S- m) ]
1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )
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1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )+ \" q4 U9 D6 @' T: a
1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
: H) s/ r# L) w3 m4 D1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )5 p3 [1 X! Q3 q1 \
1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( )
6 L" `$ c/ W9 `3 T2 x x6 j1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( )
/ A0 p' b& w1 Y: i1 _1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )" y2 [6 M0 [0 I
1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
: W5 q& H5 N& S# d+ B/ ^8 Z1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( ): U8 B$ x/ n! D- A' A2 M2 @ X6 x
1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )1 @4 B6 _; s0 u9 y1 G
1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( ): ^; `" N& `( f0 J' r) H; @
1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( ). P4 i& [% `9 {/ t8 i
1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )# \8 \1 G& w4 q& o2 {
1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )
$ H7 b* w3 K1 n& k1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )0 k# z. z9 ]& N5 _3 t6 v. O+ m5 g
1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( )" r E3 z/ P1 s) F f% V2 c5 _, I
1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )# T. D* O& V: `: n; w2 I" F- Q) T
1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )
6 i) B8 C" C) v6 t# h+ ]1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )
$ k' @& {5 \7 J# {# ]2 v1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
( t4 _6 o6 b7 t' h9 I1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
* b# f4 R& K# {1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )2 g4 u! ~9 f$ S
1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )& x6 t$ r8 ~3 }" H4 `+ z2 W
1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )
( `5 p; ~; r4 q8 \3 ~2 a2 测力仪 ( )
& O; t# W3 V7 y2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( ), ?. @, @) a' X I
2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )! x! C0 W9 z. Y5 D. K; W
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% Y: m2 |2 V$ O* p0 f4 H9 k, p" |2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( ); t0 h& |/ p2 i; E" k/ Y8 V$ o& I
2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )
* K1 P5 A' J! l( _# U) G2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )
" q, L% U9 ^ o* C) }" J/ A2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )5 P) T9 w g8 L8 e; [3 D" q6 ]- E
2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )
& E: G5 D! \, e0 {5 {5 D2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )) x" k1 G x3 Z M7 E4 _" T
2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( )1 \* k9 C6 B& |# ~7 B% l
2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )
) N" l V2 E$ E2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )4 P# R8 C& H3 [: Z0 }0 n7 @% v
2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )
, E) B- |# P S& ?2.13 负荷 (load) ( )8 K1 C4 @0 J5 ?# l" d' T3 i
2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )/ }1 F8 D. ?1 \% h3 ]5 n
2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )3 w9 r3 L: i6 H2 Y; @" l5 ?- s
2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )1 `! T- Y4 [2 S3 n: f7 B5 w
2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
3 z7 s5 Q! \) t+ s2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( ); c& {7 v( H$ W. W+ H6 g
2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( )
3 l4 f0 ?0 `% \/ Y. O# P2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )
# K1 b* w i$ L4 C8 q: a2 Q! j; _- D2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )
5 T( T; X6 ~, o8 G! P3 U2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )+ |+ s" V8 @. {7 c; y. t9 z
2.23 检定 (verification) ( )
9 @+ @- y0 h$ o, y8 M2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )5 [$ B( @- B3 N9 d6 K- M
2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )5 k/ C1 v2 {* E
2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )
4 u+ w7 J* N2 G; ?: p) _) n3 A2.27 分度值 (division) ( )* j3 B# x$ X2 h/ y6 I- n2 S5 {5 m
2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )
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: O) t% b$ \& C# O) q3 S2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )
5 c9 k" r/ W6 a* A( R5 ^0 T% [% ]. ~2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( )
" ?! e x5 y; P2 t2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )7 z& g9 I# j. r8 X1 I% D
2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )0 ]4 ~) v; D9 t5 `0 g A% `
2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )
) q5 Y. y5 {0 C, Q/ K' j2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
( I- T& ?+ B6 o4 R0 ?2 A2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )% f; E* @, m: E. `4 C! e& h; s
2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( ) I. ^: G5 h! ^: v4 o
2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( )3 E" @' k( B2 n( W, D2 S
2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
' ^" N/ i5 Y( ^! i0 t2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )
$ v2 B9 W+ I& B' b1 c) Q' S$ f2.40 测功机(Machine measuring power) ( )
6 O, k# n" ?% n- h& U2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum1 r# C! v% g/ k% B- G" ?# P% k
impact machine)3 I9 s$ u7 V; g8 c" a- S1 f/ a
( )4 `" j/ O; V5 Q3 o7 S3 g+ m; p4 |' W
2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
( e4 A9 v" k, M1 l) h2 t% K3 负荷传感器 ( )" m& ?9 J5 B' s. r9 z, l5 X
3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )
) P* Y6 m0 i/ a O) d- U3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )
5 O8 g7 L( g6 G$ W* r% u6 }' R3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition,operating) ( )4 ~6 n, F! n* @! N% e. C
3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( )2 o7 G) ^/ ?# s3 H
3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( ) a) A' W% \ b0 c4 }7 I6 L
3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )
7 P# C1 v/ b& g* \3.7 测力传感器 (Force transducer) ( )% W- N& g. B8 c7 Y/ G J: N3 E X
3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( ) G' U8 q+ s1 z
3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
. n" `- d; Q: L+ Z1 v3.11 参考传感器(组)(Reference transducer(s)) ( )
, j. R* \$ c" h7 y7 k, n6 o8 y1 c3 N3.12 多分量校准系统(Calibration system for multi-component transducer) ( )3 e2 N; @& q; l2 m9 J }8 D: |0 H
3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )9 R0 \8 [' T0 g
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3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )6 A: k. |. ^! q6 Q4 J% i
3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( )
9 ~# k$ o1 e- V3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )
6 n1 [9 j+ P; Q! J/ m$ C/ E3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )3 s& C( D: V# Y1 e
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )3 r6 `5 y/ M9 q! f
3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )
7 d: a" p5 J; R$ J( b6 z3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )
" c: h4 A2 O2 m4 y+ u. g6 g0 U' L0 a3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
# l% s0 i! H5 n3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )6 ]9 u$ S o, L* ~! {- S
3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )' q* |' a, W i2 z& S, h
3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )
9 N) U# R0 y* W, n# D3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( ). W9 ^" _9 A0 ] i7 k/ |2 D) t" o7 k
3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load,concentric) ( )
E$ p; |3 w* b$ j) @7 g3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load,eccentric) ( )
/ y$ @0 B1 V) u. t( h3.28 输出 (output) ( )
5 g! u7 n9 R& z! p& K) ?3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )
8 c7 @5 i) L+ s' |7 x7 u! {3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )
; b1 s6 a7 o! j2 j5 H2 ^- o8 b3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( ). g6 u3 K Y+ \* `
3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )
) | `' m2 W4 w' e3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )
) N" J: o, m7 D8 C3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )
' L- j/ A, z7 E, H( W3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )
: s5 X& N' O+ L* W6 d a/ L/ X3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( ); W+ @$ C& y& P p! ]/ m2 h
3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line,translation) ( ). ^) O9 L0 O' e( [: ~
3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
7 p, u. @8 O4 W3 e# g# X3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )/ E3 t W/ H" w @
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance,sensitivity) ( ) [; w! r) {& f7 Z/ e7 u- M+ |
3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )
/ [: Q2 A, e/ a$ `& U2 k- t$ r3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )2 s7 h0 T1 j" L! z% U' T
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3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )4 D6 v' o; C4 F* S' h
3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )7 J# B5 K1 P( U
3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )
% d, n0 A# i7 q, o8 T8 S# }- L$ E% \3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )# O" N/ l3 ^7 d2 A: ~! ~; ]9 n/ M
3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( ); A; t5 N* ?) X* D: i, o
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
# B8 O* k& q+ L( M+ O; b3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )7 [. l/ U: ^: W! K' x
3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( )
& P. `& I, ^, t: o/ |3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
& M! D' m; N8 @+ }3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )
2 @: x! X8 A3 N+ p) a( n! a- w3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( ) k0 x: _5 N; C( O( U
3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( )9 v+ r! c( m' j9 S5 M3 [/ q
3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range,compensation) ( )
, y- f8 A2 d2 n, a* M3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )( K- L' x; z! _+ S
3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )
' m( _7 {6 ^ T$ ~4 S& k9 [3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
0 ?0 t6 h" ~3 Z3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )
0 Z1 n' u2 F" u! z& I9 x1 W3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )
8 n5 e j6 x) C7 o; v& L3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )
) E2 S# U. U5 n2 x3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift,permanent) ( )
. |! o& W$ m9 c7 g3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
, c3 l- ?# w/ N; L& e3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
3 n0 r+ _3 a! M8 P( S& B, _3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )
( Y9 x8 x2 z. Q+ q9 m2 x3.66 使用寿命 (Life,operating) ( )
$ _3 f1 I6 ]6 M' ~3.67 循环寿命 (Life,cycling) ( )
" x/ a* E! o4 l; f8 u3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )/ \5 k& o: q- J7 E
3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )! X6 i/ K0 s- W/ x
3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( ) |
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