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1. Introduction
3 p) A, D+ U$ @4 F# h+ P& g+ bWind Energy Resources
/ n( Z0 N9 _- K) d Q0 i. K# A0 D* L8 P1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?
' f* s. s+ i$ [0 g2 O$ A4 t2. The Coriolis Force
9 j0 M, b4 U" i( }, V- @3. Global Winds8 T6 S' e/ p! n! d. l! R/ j
4. Geostrophic Wind
) q( E/ _7 @' n/ a5 y5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes
, S5 p+ I! Y5 T6 v2 |/ i6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds8 I. c2 \$ i( P% _2 G! R; n8 p
7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
0 C6 l4 l4 \- F9 e) S! v8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind
0 e( |% s# I+ z. P' b0 D& O9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed
7 p B$ Q! C8 G10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
2 q" F2 \' {8 S, X11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice$ a7 E$ p$ ~' G: B% Z$ D
12. The Wind Rose
% }2 K5 a$ f' t4 H7 t+ _: w13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4): O1 ^9 `/ L& A7 v
14. Roughness and Wind Shear
" b7 n8 {0 D& b1 ?/ @; {. M3 j15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)! e% O1 t$ w# T
16. Wind Shear and Escarpments, U: M* I; L/ n! ]$ J
17. The Roughness Rose) B; t! c6 L: R6 D3 E$ S X
18. Wind Speed Variability
# G% I6 H5 ~( l3 l* ?) V# |19. Turbulence% I1 N; `4 ^. Z. Q+ _
20. Wind Obstacles
k J& v+ M1 ]1 V9 w& q" E9 E1 f* r21. Wind Shade+ \: e& c" E; E0 O T/ m. O# D5 C. U
22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator
6 M% `/ V8 }! ?+ M; M" N# l23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)! T8 A( o" Z; j( K# c. k! w
24. Wake Effect
4 a, F- z0 c& Q25. Park Effect
. D: w& [1 Z$ |. E5 h26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
0 Y. C1 S6 G1 g9 B7 q! V9 m27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
- i8 U0 z2 `& ^# x0 q* V3 v28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site" r, l# S& G! a5 t3 v$ q
29. Offshore Wind Conditions3 o. U* o: m' {8 B6 G- }7 u
30. Wind Map of Western Europe1 S/ w, _) _! q$ F t# h8 N* g1 j
31. Wind Map of Denmark
" G: |: h' p& S3 b2.0 R3 t# N' z8 J$ \9 d4 c- ?0 u
Computing Wind Turbine Energy Output9 h( t! X0 d) R n# g& E2 F
1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution4 i5 g% E: x3 M# J) X! }8 s1 m
2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape
u& H( A8 N" v/ \, C# J3.
( _# ]' U8 S: z7 } J3, 4, or IE 4). n+ D2 s: U; m4 S; ?
3. The Average Bottle Fallacy9 I+ n) C' a5 }+ @# d2 S
4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind; X& N, B/ _# i! I& q" j
5. Betz' Law
$ j5 S1 i( Z( K2 p) E# M9 x1 O6. Power Density Function
2 e) M- `2 W3 d& t5 n# H7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine
, S; a% K. j5 O4 L8. The Power Coefficient
" L' K# Z! G8 @8 }4 j' P9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator# o( a) ~& W2 i4 E C
Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
P' I) u* B4 K# \$ \- pIE 4)! G0 [* s+ I/ m1 P. O
10.
# j4 t* O1 g, a) a' G11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine
! b% e# ]) \/ n7 a! z2 kHow Does a Wind Turbine Work?/ @# n. K) l: [, d/ A
1. Wind Turbine Components
7 z& H3 Q' b1 E3 n, ]2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
) ~0 P$ h" W x" r" V' }3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag# K. f, Q3 Q* x/ M% n- u" {& _! ^; \
4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions
) k& `8 y* u4 l+ ]& X% W7 T$ Y& s5. Rotor Aerodynamics
* |: m5 l" J5 ^3 S; f' P! O6. Rotor Blades2 g4 ^* P& v% b* j
7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
* Y$ M! d* V5 A7 @8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism
( r1 c- b& h% v9. Wind Turbine Towers
@! q) |$ ]1 ? h, A! U9 t2 d- J% _10. Wind Turbine Generators5 d( p9 B& j: Q' W8 ~
11. Synchronous Generators
4 m. A; S5 D4 p# R: c1 w, u12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed8 x; u% ?" K$ Z5 T, G/ G' l4 t
13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators/ w& y. J% M6 v+ M8 d
14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles, R( J% ]7 Y! [5 U2 H' u8 `! w
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines; T* \2 }, l5 l* F% G
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
/ t! M4 b& r% d3 E$ v( U17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines
8 B5 e% t1 Y" w0 X18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller7 u9 v' X% h5 x7 T. F. ~3 P
19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
4 W/ h' y5 Z' a* I, J3 I7 o: F# U20. Size of Wind Turbines. Q0 \8 L8 Y: f, u5 d( D% ]2 R
21. Wind Turbine Safety
6 r6 ?' X' a" q! N- U22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety$ D* N2 M3 E4 l2 t1 b
4.
. \/ j X; ~0 R. k; }# qDesigning Wind Turbines& X7 `( H# j* s: b" q/ _% Y
1. Basic Load Considerations) @# b% Z' |: l) n% y4 o
2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines?! ~+ v- U' I1 m2 g# J" ?
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?9 g1 q4 ~- x( H5 s ~. `
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades?' `& y! P9 w+ F: _) q
5. Optimising Wind Turbines
. D; h3 b" j9 l' f4 n6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines0 I7 [: t& k2 C: ?& i6 e2 \! d
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines3 c1 i2 I) f: q- A& ^: k, ~
5.4 d- l# v- K2 ^& B
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines
; t( x- M* `: K" g3 [5 ^. `# |, K1 oManufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama
4 p2 ]" a" E, \8 z5 }requires QuickTime plugin)
' ~% W; h/ b! f' |8 o1.8 i- B8 Z* n( V% \ Y
2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW- ?4 Y4 ?" e7 F. P, \
3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers
' N4 x- i( t( A5 _0 d4. Welding Turbine Towers" o- f }% N7 A, M
5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers0 \5 Z1 K; G& k" \- Q1 e
6.
. z5 g+ J0 }& e1 s, K1 t ~Research and Development in Wind Energy
; w, q9 v& j4 W; E" C, h1. Research and Development in Wind Energy
0 V6 k9 e# w2 H' l' |2. Offshore Wind Power Research' d. u/ F8 j! W- a$ i. @! N( ^
3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations
* Q5 a* `, R) X* D" i1 D4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
6 A; W O$ e: z5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel8 `: U' I7 _ N O
6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile
, ?, W' s. A5 q$ v7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
' Y5 s" T: j w. i2 X g7.9 }$ P3 r j3 z& g# ?' q
Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid
) w# u, Q6 K) o7 o/ B1. Wind Energy Variations
) }: t! c' J4 F8 ^3 H/ M" _2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy
% K* f6 D. k" L3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues) a5 O& \+ M3 D) ^
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks7 r) G& b. k& @( b# s4 a4 }
8.
3 R9 r; x# Z: F! }% M' `Wind Energy and the Environment
2 B* b" b5 G' `! u1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape# M% e( G# }+ s
2. Sound from Wind Turbines
( p! Y) @: i, ?3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels. u6 K) p) a3 E
4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4), u3 w& ^3 v( r" {- c; u
Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
% |6 A, B2 L+ O# ^/ qIE 4)
1 S5 }) ?' E$ T7 y# c5.6 F' D1 Q/ B/ T2 P# B
6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines
% d0 r: V/ d: Y2 \: m" ?6 r" G7. Birds and Wind Turbines+ V9 B6 l0 o5 z7 Y" A; b
8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
* G5 b; ~6 D9 O9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines
! B% s' {1 G# r4 i. y. f$ v( s# Q10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines6 B1 B& M9 o4 f( J
11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines
( M0 u5 V$ }' x, U12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines
& e2 t6 H% t+ n5 `6 r4 P# c13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator. I; a0 \1 y! f* w/ b( X
Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
S% t2 j: B) c9 XIE 4)
4 ?. U7 ~: p+ j& }14. }) n9 T/ v. e( q1 U' r$ Q' J
9.8 c' B- D; Z: E. J. n! j- \
Wind Energy Economics
( ]( b, m( t4 f1 C1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?
. i4 ]% D) Q5 j/ J1 {4 r2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines% z8 O1 \- d1 A+ B* D1 g1 t) o
3. Operation and Maintenance Costs4 K& ]0 p% H' U9 F. C5 }4 r
4. Income from Wind Turbines
. I/ Q* Y, W3 J& @( s* T5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs2 E% j% l# h: K( l
6. Basic Economics of Investment9 C, Y+ s: D3 ^8 j# | D* [ P# \
7. Wind Energy Economics
4 t4 J3 d2 }/ J( m+ ~) @2 f- [8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator: b" N4 z- E+ r' e
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, h; A q" |2 U: I& ]7 |1 R
or IE 4)) Z7 y, A2 b$ |5 W
9.
+ {/ V) H7 {- D0 x$ {10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy
6 \$ C) J! c! G# A# J11. Wind Energy and Employment
/ `) k0 ]. K3 ~# ]10.5 L* R' p I3 _
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)- c0 z+ y I! J2 ^6 t4 W# N, H6 {
1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour; Q6 ], C$ D- l* b- A/ s2 i
2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-19504 f* F& N/ T- b9 v/ l+ E
3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine J9 A+ a: d: }( C) o
4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s
9 N' c0 b( y" h5. The California Wind Rush7 f% A7 F' y" k N8 I
11.0 R& x1 K/ I' L
6. Modern Wind Turbines5 B. [5 @( Y1 [, w
7. Offshore Wind Turbines
( H* u# {3 x& k3 }, h' }# [0 l8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
: h( o, ^% ~2 `+ I; D, H9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines
5 m" Z5 [3 m/ R* d
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09