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1. Introduction
0 Z/ P6 V3 y$ x% \4 vWind Energy Resources5 ^; [/ }* F$ J' K1 w
1. Where does Wind Energy Come From?
, a) Z2 O& z& |" s0 P7 r, Q* q2. The Coriolis Force s* u) l" w3 {
3. Global Winds
; x5 P4 l W! U: s" M! N4. Geostrophic Wind$ X i1 X8 Y4 A9 Y5 Z+ ^. O& B4 l
5. Local Winds: Sea Breezes2 I0 ~$ N( R( Z; T$ t0 ]8 p
6. Local Winds: Mountain Winds
0 Q0 B4 T; X1 P9 F7 d) D7. The Energy in the Wind: Air Density and Rotor Area
! @2 B. L3 U4 o' [1 p8. Wind Turbines Deflect the Wind
! l3 q3 W) X2 K, i8 q9. The Power of the Wind: Cube of Wind Speed' @* t% I" J) o7 @9 u; b6 s
10. Wind Speed Measurement: Anemometers
/ f4 N0 X" {8 W7 M; t' S11. Wind Speed Measurement in Practice2 p6 l' u- j, l4 A/ C0 M9 d
12. The Wind Rose
( e6 Y- K- @7 ~13. Wind Rose Plotter Programme (requires Netscape 4, or IE 4)4 N, y3 E- k+ l& }# F
14. Roughness and Wind Shear6 o% O1 U( U0 `0 {8 g6 S8 V; h' Q
15. Wind Speed Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)! C" Z/ K: |- k! _/ i; {
16. Wind Shear and Escarpments( a- M9 t7 N) }5 W2 Q1 N
17. The Roughness Rose9 K3 G6 q9 w; B; H8 B. Q8 J$ Y& B1 S
18. Wind Speed Variability$ r) ?# V8 p- X8 _3 [# f/ a' [3 E
19. Turbulence
1 e1 g) k4 O3 S* m20. Wind Obstacles8 v6 ^6 L( _6 M: i
21. Wind Shade
1 t: V+ l3 H0 `$ W22. Guide to the Wind Shade Calculator
! `+ Z% n' w3 d! n23. Wind Shade Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
C" O, P7 s! Z24. Wake Effect
5 j# T/ w( A& [ N4 C- w6 [8 _& [25. Park Effect
! y! H1 [# k- s: s26. Speed Up Effects: Tunnel Effect
0 O9 u, D' h' I' \" C& q27. Speed Up Effects: Hill Effect
; U8 B( i+ K' `; R28. Selecting a Wind Turbine Site9 C' N- E; ^1 }9 S( o
29. Offshore Wind Conditions
0 j1 F# D) W6 M0 J" d# v8 ^. W30. Wind Map of Western Europe- K" ^3 F0 \5 N0 C6 ^& {2 F
31. Wind Map of Denmark
& w" w0 n" N- O5 Y/ g) ]" H. Z2.
/ S% [- _! f# uComputing Wind Turbine Energy Output
3 V4 [) V4 |/ I* s1. Describing Wind Variations: Weibull Distribution. H3 |* Z) u8 C, ^
2. Weibull Distribution Plotter Programme (requires Netscape+ Z1 K$ i' t% I
3.) Q) k% E8 T5 D$ p% f
3, 4, or IE 4)' D4 S+ M* S- n2 P' e' r7 i
3. The Average Bottle Fallacy
: z5 G: I2 D- Q/ \ T7 r4. Mean (Average) Power of the Wind- K, K# O5 u$ V6 f: q
5. Betz' Law
) t( q; N' u9 C: i6. Power Density Function6 K# Y6 v5 Y9 W0 P; P
7. Power Curve of a Wind Turbine. N! r* ~8 {7 g) V& C
8. The Power Coefficient$ |! ]% j2 O' y0 S
9. Guide to the Wind Turbine Power Calculator( ]* z A+ A/ r
Wind Turbine Power Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
5 \3 K1 b: i: DIE 4)
S' }# p, a+ y4 \; |* c10.
4 h( C% a" N! y( Z y8 A3 c11. Annual Energy Output from a Wind Turbine+ p2 b& ?- a+ w7 L& D& e( b
How Does a Wind Turbine Work? N, a6 q. H$ O& v# t8 T6 I+ e. v% U
1. Wind Turbine Components1 g9 O) x. T; v
2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Lift
1 i" z' Z: ] U9 t. B0 Y4 |8 ~3. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines - Stall and Drag/ P4 E3 L p! J# g8 c
4. Adding Wind Speeds and Directions Z/ m0 s5 J9 @, _9 a
5. Rotor Aerodynamics
1 ?+ N0 Q4 r: D9 e$ M6 Z4 {- p6. Rotor Blades
/ S4 J. U$ l4 M' x B) ]7. Power Control of Wind Turbines
# A9 v& a( u+ P4 L0 N/ i8. The Wind Turbine Yaw Mechanism( {: z* ~) y+ q
9. Wind Turbine Towers
7 ^2 x, U" N L1 V9 c10. Wind Turbine Generators
% p+ m, V& E, ]0 n# x% F3 M11. Synchronous Generators; k' c8 c& J+ [9 I3 Q8 X- Y
12. Changing Generator Rotational Speed: P: q& i5 b# l$ i5 }
13. Asynchronous (Induction) Generators [) @4 ]; g3 l
14. Changing the Number of Generator Poles/ ~8 w: f! c; e% {' E
15. Variable Slip Generators for Wind Turbines8 F- ?- p! S- d" i; i
16. Indirect Grid Connection of Wind Turbines
' Q& Q1 l1 y; Z9 w17. Gearboxes for Wind Turbines
& C z R. t& M9 n. B18. The Electronic Wind Turbine Controller
$ c8 C' p, c! a. x5 l19. Controlling Power Quality from Wind Turbines
5 d" B* k. L7 y20. Size of Wind Turbines
$ U2 [! j& n, b! D6 ]8 C2 e21. Wind Turbine Safety
P* f1 Z# B' J6 r9 {* [: b' B22. Wind Turbine Occupational Safety
/ ? H; g2 S( h3 B) N4.+ p9 |5 z5 y& Y
Designing Wind Turbines
# Q: z5 O/ S- U" d7 G2 z% Z1. Basic Load Considerations
A8 L( ]2 Y! Q) ?, \+ s; r" b0 l2. Wind Turbines: Horizontal or Vertical Axis Machines? |: a% C+ B8 w$ X* X/ {1 I
3. Wind Turbines: Upwind or Downwind?# x3 A! V3 d; h) E% k+ b
4. Wind Turbines: How Many Blades? l- u3 x0 U# p2 i6 B C% s* E
5. Optimising Wind Turbines
0 }3 N+ c t+ J+ _- R6. Designing for Low Mechanical Noise from Wind Turbines" {9 `( W2 s4 g
7. Designing for Low Aerodynamic Noise from Wind Turbines
+ Q4 j- C+ C$ F4 q: d2 V3 p5.3 N [8 K1 U. }1 J) O4 I
Manufacturing and Installing Wind Turbines V, e$ X N% _+ R2 j; q; s
Manufacturing Wind Turbine Nacelles (QTVR panorama1 m J- y0 ]: F1 ^. k# q
requires QuickTime plugin)
1 a) d& m1 v3 q6 B. Y2 t1.
0 L: t: L$ M% i E9 h8 Z7 g& f2. Testing Wind Turbine Rotor Blades NEW
P. d/ u1 m/ W; f0 F; f3. Manufacturing Wind Turbine Towers
& l4 G- ?& q5 l2 g( |( j2 O1 u4. Welding Turbine Towers
2 R. c, d9 R \- X( Z5. Installing and Assembling Wind Turbine Towers
/ X4 k3 v6 x2 Q3 J6.
. d% R) A8 b# {( {5 cResearch and Development in Wind Energy% J2 ]* a% K, I- j' k
1. Research and Development in Wind Energy
2 c I2 C. C y- g5 Y; G% c( f2. Offshore Wind Power Research' X( F( b9 a4 h1 C! T( t
3. Offshore Wind Turbine Foundations J) i, d* m0 f# U! b# {4 t4 J% o
4. Offshore Foundations: Traditional Concrete
( z7 m; A, L8 [0 B; n/ I# C% T5. Offshore Foundations: Gravitation + Steel
; x% {" `- H$ x5 v w( `6. Offshore Foundations: Mono Pile
: E0 Z$ S+ l) N9 e7. Offshore Foundations: Tripod
3 u& O* w0 n3 r8 b& |8 E7.3 Y- d- ~6 m, j4 }3 b
Wind Turbines in the Electrical Grid* c( U% n- O% S8 z5 `2 r7 o$ P
1. Wind Energy Variations8 m" ?) w8 f; W* F- N
2. Seasonal Variation in Wind Energy6 j: N I9 n7 E
3. Wind Turbines and Power Quality Issues3 ], Q2 _$ |; Q' {7 V( B
4. Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Parks
# b d9 l4 Y: u2 Y) k7 R8.
9 \$ U' X6 P3 W! h: ]" E+ `0 bWind Energy and the Environment( J5 u$ p; F1 h/ G
1. Wind Turbines in the Landscape5 F- V' ^( n6 o2 I- C: P
2. Sound from Wind Turbines
. J- V# j, S; k% ]$ }- k3. Measuring and Calculating Sound Levels
+ d1 [( J- a$ S( P) E; a: \4. Sound Map Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or IE 4)
4 ?( _9 O( W9 k/ d4 ]Wind Turbine Sound Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or
S" ]7 h, D7 hIE 4)" @1 l {! Y/ [. m. @0 E1 r
5.
( t) P' ^% f& T( b6. Energy Payback Period for Wind Turbines- f) ~8 r9 }! K) z
7. Birds and Wind Turbines
" M5 m( t1 E9 k5 L0 a( P9 g8. Birds and Offshore Wind Turbines
2 N6 M: J( x5 a" Z1 p9. Shadow Casting from Wind Turbines7 a9 O% D) A- M/ K
10. Calculating Shadows from Wind Turbines7 ~9 ~2 h# N% C! d
11. Refining Shadow Calculations for Wind Turbines# i' p( B/ O' P/ X* H
12. Shadow Variations from Wind Turbines
) {) I7 J6 P7 m) Q3 ^. N13. Guide to the Wind Turbine Shadow Calculator
' F+ e7 v5 W( d0 q" G/ o1 Z7 c' qWind Turbine Shadow Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4, or; k7 o3 H! B* t9 ]- O# W& g2 g
IE 4)* Q: V. L! A. @ B
14.# _1 Q- m' `% J% z; `
9.; c) w' A8 m9 B: T
Wind Energy Economics( }8 H+ F9 J! X2 Z& f3 c
1. What does a Wind Turbine Cost?- ~4 ^; g# {4 Y* V
2. Installation Costs for Wind Turbines
3 c/ \& D* c) x: C; C( c4 r8 z3. Operation and Maintenance Costs
- Q, v1 n" o# y4. Income from Wind Turbines
. u/ u# o: i, h$ \8 ~5. Wind Energy and Electrical Tariffs
9 n$ @6 `0 y5 J3 f% `5 [. n6. Basic Economics of Investment2 a# [4 q, H3 @0 C9 E' b! {
7. Wind Energy Economics* p6 \% r* U( {" C2 r5 @- I X
8. Guide to the Wind Energy Economics Calculator9 _1 _2 j& S9 v( d
Wind Energy Economics Calculator (requires Netscape 3, 4,; @6 C0 r7 `+ ?1 y+ c
or IE 4)5 ]& _3 V5 B& m( t; |
9.
/ C) m' l& s3 i10. The Economics of Offshore Wind Energy9 W, K% I6 }; N% U( }0 e
11. Wind Energy and Employment) s* B' M3 G" B! Z
10.' i' b$ @* Q+ w
Modern Wind Turbine History (Pictures)
, d0 s' j5 b' _# S+ ]% S+ Q1. The Wind Energy Pioneer: Poul la Cour
2 ^- _0 |+ c: b5 a- s$ O( \2. The Wind Energy Pioneers - 1940-1950
1 E/ q D1 y& m, ]( S" I3. The Wind Energy Pioneers - The Gedser Wind Turbine
+ K' r0 a) e8 X5 V! e2 I; K2 }4. Wind Turbines From the 1980s/ B8 g& W; K2 j$ f' w& P5 ~
5. The California Wind Rush7 W; P) x* A# f3 T3 w% x3 D1 u
11./ ~" c7 n' g- W- B" |( K
6. Modern Wind Turbines
! c$ W3 k2 B# R7 P6 S# K2 }+ Y% o1 H7. Offshore Wind Turbines8 Q. G6 @) O: x
8. Megawatt-Sized Wind Turbines
7 `2 N& o% o, F9. Multi-Megawatt Wind Turbines
. ^, `2 D7 X" J! E" a8 N& X
Wind Turbine Energy.rar
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发表于 2009-2-17 13:24:09