Solid–Liquid Two Phase Flow《固液两相流体》08英文PDF新书

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书名：Solid–Liquid Two Phase Flow
作者：Sümer M. Peker
发行：Elsevier
$ x, ^# Q# P( V0 j& r! j2 ERadarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
% m8 y0 Y+ O" K# s- uLinacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK
页数：535
ISBN：978-0-444-52237-5
共3个压缩卷，解压后6.09M
9 _  m% G( F: @$ ?& y8 `主要内容：
Being an ‘underpinning technology’, fluid flow closely reflects and sometimes precedes
the developments of the ‘core technologies’ of the time. Only in the second half of 19th
century that the term ‘two-phase flow’ was pronounced and added as a chapter to fluid
mechanics and unit operations books. At that time, two-phase flow term was used predominantly
( ?- M) _( X. ^7 j& b1 S7 X  ]to denote gas–liquid flow, which is not coincidental, as the leading technologies
were nuclear and thermal, addressing mainly vapor–liquid systems.
6 E3 z5 `& ~  x& N3 J目录
# C, e. h+ O& L8 J* M  APreface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  vii
) t2 n; D8 y2 O' X: s$ v0 A. }List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  xvii
1 The Particulate Phase: A Voyage from the Molecule to the Granule. . . . . . . . . . . . .  1
1.1 Molecular Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  1
1.1.1 Attractive forces among molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
  ~$ w# G8 o! v$ l5 q6 h6 O1.1.2 Repulsive forces among molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
1.2 Interactions of Electrical Origin Between Particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
1.2.1 Attractions between particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
' m+ @5 W4 F/ }9 J8 W1.2.2 Ionic interactions between charged surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
% S  D, }4 h, h1 [  R; v+ t8 T- P* U1.2.3 The DLVO theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
4 @+ u' S! z' G1.3 Interaction of Particles due to Non-DLVO Forces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
1.3.1 Forces of entropic origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
8 p- P+ O: Y+ Y4 C9 q' }1.3.2 Forces of energetic origin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
1.4 Aggregation of Particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
2 Z5 H. v" @. o/ e' G6 K# g1.4.1 Kinetics of aggregation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
1.4.2 Structure of aggregates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.4.3 Role of polymers and polyelectrolytes on the coagulation of suspensions. . 32
, r, f6 O7 c0 A5 B2 z1.5 Aggregation of Ferromagnetic Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
: h3 M  K; S1 ~1.5.1 Effect of the direction of the magnetic field on the aggregate structure . . . .  38
1.5.2 Reversibility of aggregation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  38
2 ^, r: b4 W) E1.5.3 Light-induced aggregation of ferrofluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
1 G* K+ ~: [# y# A4 |1.6 Formation of Glasses and Gels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  39
/ L/ X3 l% [- \, M1.6.1 The glassy state . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
1.6.2 Formation of gels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
1.7 Self-Assemblies of Surfactants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
7 {3 E3 m- R  [5 ~$ N5 t1.7.1 Thermodynamics of self-assembly of surfactants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
1.7.2 Self-assemblies in solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
& d' J4 p# R9 m' H$ p& h$ }( R1.7.3 Self-assemblies on solid surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.8 Stabilization of Suspensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
1.8.1 Stabilization by surfactants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
. S' F  U: [1 s$ K) L+ @$ G1.8.2 Stabilization by polymers and polyelectrolytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  55
' y) L- F( M; f: \: s0 g1.8.3 Stabilization by nanoparticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  58
1.9 Aggregation in Biological Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
  e, A) D# G1 Z1 z- A8 T* j, H! t1.9.1 Aggregation behavior of blood cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  59
1.9.2 Aggregation of microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  65
2 Non-Newtonian Behavior of Solid–Liquid Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  71
2.1 Viscoelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.1.1 Effect of viscoelasticity on flow behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  72
+ y: l* Y3 y: B; v7 c0 a% X2.1.2 Assessment of viscoelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  75
2 {0 F  e, h$ I7 A+ b% J/ M$ K2.1.3 Dynamic methods in the assessment of viscoelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  76
3 Y3 L: ^: r& L1 }  V% X2.2 Rheological Models of Time-Independent Non-Newtonian Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . .  86
2.2.1 Models which describe the rheological behavior with a
, I6 ?$ x) x; x* |: b8 r# `1 Pviscosity function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  87
1 L$ _7 l8 t+ \; l: ?4 [% R2.2.2 Models for fluids with a yield stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  90
% H; G( }/ n$ n* G. b2.2.3 Models for specific end-use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  92
* @  j# ^$ e  [3 _+ p2.2.4 Significance of the terms used in the constitutive equations . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
0 D; f! ~" l4 P& J& c2.3 Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids through Cylindrical Pipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  95
2.3.1 Laminar flow of non-Newtonian fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  97
% c- S9 N) g7 X8 z+ g$ A9 H2.3.2 Turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  121
2.3.3 Flow through sudden expansions and fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
# |2 b0 G% r2 J5 l2.4 Flow through Noncylindrical Channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  141
2.4.1 Flow through annular channels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
2.4.2 Flow through rectangular channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
+ B; J2 `7 y5 p% |$ ^' Z  p# Q; U7 z1 _2.4.3 Flow in microchannels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
2.4.4 Flow in open channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
. . . . . . . . . .  
8 Classification and Separation of Solid–Liquid Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  439
8.1 Classification and Separation in a Gravitational Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  439
8.1.1 Sedimentation as a separation process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
5 Q- w5 _  }# q" y4 I8.1.2 Fluidization as a separation process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
8.1.3 Classification in hydrocyclones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
6 _8 }) T0 p" f7 t8.2 Separation in a Magnetic Field. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  457
% S5 }5 a. t# X8.2.1 Separation of magnetic particle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
8.2.2 Separation of nonmagnetic particles in a magnetic medium . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
8.3 Separations in the Microscale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  459
8.3.1 Field flow fractionation techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460
% S# c# q4 F" f1 _8.3.2 Separations in flow through microfluidic bifurcations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  460
; q8 k, {3 n- A8 b+ @+ b4 s' k  ^8.3.3 Ultrasonic separations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
8.3.4 Separations based on magnetic properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
8.3.5 Separations based on electrical properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
. f5 m4 t, D, WAppendix A Mathematical Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  471
Appendix B Population Balances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  493
, J+ Z# Z1 b* ?0 aAppendix C Tables for Use in Plug Flow in an Annulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  503
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  509
" Q* ^3 S9 ~% }9 A