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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
5 d) o9 I* n' J7 K
$ h7 c6 @, M! Q- P; W  N8 v
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。0 W" J2 F- D" d2 h, N
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。$ p, j  W5 L. C& P

. e. T; ^& g! v& `% ]6 _. Y; \3 {[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
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, z% C3 P, X3 d: [9 q$ L) R  Y  G工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif! f  ~9 X  N4 J( c* U3 t" F' a
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

  f* w/ l9 ]" E3 k7 P4 [, |- W3 d国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。/ B- \7 C+ V4 z
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
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' k, C2 s" ?  p$ L0 @/ ^6 B1 g具体内容可以参考下面的网页:8 n* M" A2 A6 O+ E+ t; {" s9 K* |% N# }
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。  c* i' w$ X% ]3 M5 g* L5 n

2 r0 s2 ~. P0 V# h工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。7 w6 ~  U* }5 }
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
, t7 a) Q/ |: W3 }: g6 w经常见到的文件有以下几种:+ Q* e2 d0 K+ H- j, a7 w
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
$ ]% _" C8 l" r8 M* U那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!; L# J" {; H3 R& B' x9 K$ ]' m

1 C- M7 k/ |5 j下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX
. f. R! ]6 c. a/ G, ]1.0 SCOPE. * M9 J! m  J$ t! D4 Y2 Q& e  k, ?) o9 p
1.1 General.
. _: t* I: b1 k7 n, v4 E- J1.2 Definitions.
  H$ _' `1 @- f. o5 o- a( f2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. ) N5 K. F+ m4 l( w% [
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. 9 {( C) F" W" F- Z9 A0 V8 `$ @
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
: e, `! S6 C/ ?& Q. b5 a4.0 BASIC DATA.. & q# U4 J; e/ n. ?' p0 ~. @: F
4.1 Design Life. 8 V5 z$ [8 |! _7 w  a  D( ~
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
3 Y- ?' g2 N' W* q4.3 Protection Current Density.. + D4 K: x% {. |- d, ~  A
4.4 Energy..
3 m7 `1 i4 [( f) a7 y0 |3 I( {) ^4.5 Test Posts. " M" K- \9 z8 p$ T* f
4.6 Insulating Joint..
4 p8 K2 N4 H, j) H* Y: d8 J4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
/ k5 f* T9 d* D6 h4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
: I9 B2 |5 R) u3 t# f5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
" q, I$ k" c  i5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
( g# d6 |4 q" g" z7 O- @: J5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. 3 N1 s- s" W5 B
5.3 Anodes. 2 N6 E! |' j- Q! q
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
' [  s0 C( H4 M: o" ~5.5 Anode Junction Box..
+ l9 M8 X% m4 u# K/ K. M5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. + I9 a) d* n0 r$ x7 U
5.7 Cables.
+ l5 M7 r7 K2 L0 `' z5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. $ r6 Z$ X+ L! _
5.9 Groundbed..
) n6 r0 L5 n3 {5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
+ ~2 C5 m: \2 w$ |, R/ _7 s5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System... # N: d; B, P7 c* J, k% ]
6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
" M- l; e6 ~' X, u. i7 m/ d( R8 e7.0 INSTALLATION.. 1 C, {/ Z% M8 Z% I
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
  g( o, D1 D0 }2 X2 C8 a9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. " m: y1 Z6 S0 P- E" m6 W* ]8 ]
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
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[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
% u3 u$ s1 W( T[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1! N7 L( M9 L3 r; q0 H
SECTION 08710
; ~$ r/ C& W, _5 Y6 HFINISH HARDWARE; a( Q! T' M2 y2 L4 t( o# n! `
$#' J4 _: d* q: d9 i7 y
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier# S1 I# b, Q* c/ D0 `( S$ f
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.% j1 A8 N3 {+ m' }2 z$ P
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
4 C3 K! ^* Q  ?2 V0 ONTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.3 W" e5 p0 K0 G* l% k2 i: k
#$) _) {7 D" [! K. ?! o2 [) O, |$ K
PART 1 -- GENERAL
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
& |5 L4 H' Y. W6 u, RA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,, Q8 y: J) N  E1 g6 C8 K! U
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated) o9 ]) J* @# v
on the Drawings and specified herein.4 R0 u+ h) I0 K3 g

* o3 U) R" h/ T2 u+ e1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
" ~7 W, B: `- h- C/ e8 MA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
; H8 B# ]- ]1 ~% S0 ~B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
1 I+ f: G" A. ?5 K4 |! tC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
- c. c4 E' Z2 L7 e3 tD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
  h6 [( q+ U3 ]4 J  [2 ^$ oE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.6 i, {$ c+ _8 k: x2 E4 ~8 b- c
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.  T2 X, f: l  f" [" z
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.4 {6 j1 }; V# [( w7 {) Z4 P2 |3 j
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
/ o# f5 V0 k- H/ {; _A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS." ~& n, C2 N1 ]. C2 ~. @+ T
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.  j. ?# Z! b! ]- a
1. Commercial Standards:
$ a' U" V6 h& V' R# pUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
9 e4 D2 L! L2 I& [& b) K8 WHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
( ^$ E9 z" m" w6 {( DSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware# ]1 w% V5 X, X- d( T
Scheduling and Format.
7 U% s, r. Q5 w5 K- GBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
8 h& o% \- j" T# A/ c/ P2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
1 X6 {( K: e* `: c: uand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
. z& O0 u4 x* ^% j) ]6 Srecommendations and specifications.
/ ?3 C" ?3 ]6 N3 v+ i1 K& ]
% L  U0 N* b" \1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
/ I) }9 A0 j! \5 n: MA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
$ a( k9 F+ u" n$ r: |2 pB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.# X2 E/ `1 H) d. q5 ]; ?% C
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
( {0 U# a& q2 ]5 r: z1 ]hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.4 N- ~" [% O2 V% n
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
1 |7 U, {& g* T- I+ ~/ r" M3 a+ Shardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
; ^7 W" N5 _2 W! L# B6 i+ LNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the: C' t6 i, u6 H$ V
ENGINEER., g( A9 {: D9 \2 W
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
' c6 t: h( `+ A1 ]2 Ynumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,8 x+ T3 J8 S3 A, L( D$ E
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
; U4 I4 t7 D& h) E& k$ n3 h+ `5 gall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.8 b4 `* C" J! t
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,( k0 e, s, Q6 `2 }
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural
/ h: {) L! v' |* B2 lHardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
8 |& n* E: L2 J5 z+ O1 p( n- o5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and" h! n5 I% Y3 G/ T# I, D
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
' ?& W. m) L" x3 T& m6 \6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
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* _" J7 b7 m4 l* y9 Q1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE5 Z3 F" K6 m# d  H, C7 ~2 w
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
4 \8 O( g& h8 D3 s) v, g# nindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
* R  F$ Z6 T5 C( w1 w. |' Tspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.. g+ w5 X; `5 _8 D1 I3 c6 c- k
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
, l" W8 r" n/ l  b) }made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
% j, H3 \2 J# E: N( f! [to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate; `' c) B3 h, g$ a' }0 F
evaluation of all proposed substitute items.2 O; l$ }& D  u& K, O
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
+ r" g1 ^" R7 J3 V$ R4 t' m2 |A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.# p3 F' I% }: F
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
3 }$ R, O, c/ Z6 j4 b) band all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
7 Z4 z" y8 y0 s" bcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
, U( p% f% x, o* tthe reviewed hardware list.* b6 x& J  v' M/ Q- d; B7 f  U
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
$ b% S8 `0 R$ `7 Q' bto prevent loss or damage until installation.) h& `  @, m) _
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS  L" @3 v' V& i3 m! C. Z7 R
- M/ M- m' _" i+ V
2.1 GENERAL
3 [( S# c7 s$ n+ n" L4 R* [# QA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of/ T5 T: e0 `. s4 o0 m$ j* s
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
6 |: T8 q9 |# j, Z1 D; S; Pfunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is6 [/ e/ s- d1 R7 I
fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
, b; P3 ]0 V' n6 B/ e. E  LB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for+ M+ {9 M7 u, A" s
appearance, maintenance, and replacement., P, S* R( M4 D* H4 t$ @
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require3 A3 Y1 L6 H+ T, o) Q( a
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be% Y2 |4 g+ H+ ?& o. C' v
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in4 }% K$ m4 t( q  f0 j
conformance with specified requirements.
- i; R2 R- R: @1 X: uD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,6 p4 U' I. w8 `" J+ F* K
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
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2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
) w" L) D( Z  W- q& a! mA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
# D. E5 C; ~& c5 i& m# O6 ?mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.: G' ?3 C8 _" b6 y5 e' d7 q0 ?
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
. \4 w) r& C# y- w2 J' tcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
/ Y2 e! n& a- E; ]3 L, c$ WC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
) ^6 Y" o1 W7 ~; X: B5 b. zLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
$ M: \' W, @% p- q; HD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
& e8 u: C7 S& z6 A+ tshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.2 t7 E" J* F; |/ l( c
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,4 i& W& Q) b9 ?3 e0 m0 o0 o2 [
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type9 p4 Z. t) z  y4 p9 y( ^2 l  g# _
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
1 \# z  ^7 p) I/ G% Y- o$ P3 cF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a: v* ^/ `4 b* V9 W  W) m9 m$ s
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
- S0 x( `( m( v; k: p/ |+ Qhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
+ E: z* m8 W% k* Q/ v/ W' kG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
4 T2 J( @) o6 z% J" B* Z: W) mdoors.
3 h0 f7 b6 ?) N5 `7 K0 A, WH. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
+ r6 g& p$ U/ F: F2 H  i180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
, N4 O" j8 X$ }+ ?: E1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.6 k) K( e' P+ T8 m. K4 v& @0 S
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.5 Q+ |: m2 J5 J2 o* ?4 ~
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
; {9 _9 O5 F) X' u: |I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary& _0 F3 K& r, U; ]3 w0 I
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.7 \7 J2 z4 t+ W! Q% z0 k7 M) d, s
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-- K# Y( r8 e# Y2 M: ?
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
* k& ~4 C7 T0 C" zK. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
! g* t) P, q- f1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
- m. f& L& i+ N0 pL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
+ t: Z) V1 P; M! {1 oknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
& A8 W4 _+ |. QListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
  G$ ]8 V" g3 X0 X2 M& F+ tdoors.! I7 R/ u% ~- D5 A) u) E! s

; u, ^4 G7 j7 ~) W! B0 X  o- \2.3 FINISHES
+ p1 q/ ]: s; ]A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware- f0 u3 j, c. G. k- w
Manufacturer's Association".
$ K1 t0 w: p" w7 R1. 600 - Prime Coat3 }7 O3 U. v7 x
2. 626 - Dull Chromium
. I2 z' A$ [3 C0 z6 J# E3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
  ^; |+ p  X0 d2 o4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
6 I  A2 y3 |+ R) {; ~; l$ `B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.  G2 _7 C. R& u% T
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
/ x' q, ]* t* D- z3 g  SD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish) |* I9 c* A/ P3 _
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.5 {8 y" A% O* T! a: e- t
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
6 |6 p& v7 h' u" E) \' B+ K8 x  jG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.. w; x4 \8 B( t9 V

8 h; z- Z+ j- U6 \& r9 ~2.4 KEYING% D" u$ d  o6 t0 d; n& O2 N
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
0 ^, H. x# ]) |) f3 k. e  Jdetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
% ~3 B8 ~, ]$ y) {CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective8 T2 v* O- ?9 k1 c3 N5 |
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
) ?7 q3 v+ z/ V. @4 _. _. ehands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
' H, [, w, z# o# U; n1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond6 b; ?4 I: L* ]
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
: v9 d2 x  H5 ^/ e  eB. Keys:! _/ ^# L% i! |4 E  V
1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side( L5 J- U/ \  ~
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
2 J  z  B6 \& q# K+ O& O! x" U2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed3 S: e' F. K6 C4 b9 p8 [
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.  `4 R. d8 z& F8 h8 d2 a1 W0 H0 {
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
! U% c' w" ?2 g2 I4 X9 \$ X( dRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
- T4 x# \# q& ~- s5 lidentified by door locations.
3 ^8 E  d$ P8 f; s' l+ T4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,, h) ?3 A2 e/ p( W* t
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
+ v  O7 [7 `, A) \& I6 Tcylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys./ J- x! s: p: ]/ e8 q% t3 C

# t! X& X2 P; @2 P2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE; y0 R3 K. E# q- ^7 _- T
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
4 Z, a5 r$ T( M$ }9 U" Xfollowing hardware or their equal:
. t& l, e1 H$ }  k# }$#
. N# l2 [0 G+ e0 f! h* @NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware, y" i# E7 r/ @5 i. X8 R
applicable to this project.
4 N" x) T0 }3 i" _% N' J! P#$
1 [5 i+ f4 s0 U5 @( P
# l+ g* _: |3 f$ ~7 {1 b2.6 TEMPLATES
1 X* N/ N. }8 i7 x3 ?A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
) }3 G  S# ?8 Z- tphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.. y3 i8 V$ _( w  g' N/ U  G
/ i3 I, K2 O4 v) A$ E
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
, U/ m  U0 _. p# y# f- s6 N0 P3 e+ Q% N
3.1 GENERAL: C: w% \7 \1 u, Y# B
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock1 z* j4 v* i4 Q: ^
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.: J5 }7 e) `# z' u
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
- N) ^5 d/ {% x2 bshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that3 W, a/ `! I. K7 K" r
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
+ [0 N7 Z: v( U7 C' r# W" JC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall7 g: O$ S$ b# Y, p# W/ q* T
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.) X) u% Q! L( S, K
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other; F7 n. q; D* @: F* ?1 g) F
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
. B. R: ?, X6 q! p# w" N/ cother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and0 \* y5 e% B9 ~: j
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
0 Z! W3 y2 P  R* u
, R: t! n' t; X& c( i3.2 INSTALLATION9 q% a3 C, b1 I/ {. }- s( B! G
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
4 w! D& H2 e9 r6 \1 u* Q4 C# KB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for8 d# w* M* E% _0 m: J  l
proper operation.: d; I) l, C+ M8 B' G
C. Make work neat and secure.. u$ b, k* T# S9 F* ?7 u& u! U6 g$ p
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware* j) w7 R: `1 m, M
installation.) r" Y- |0 S) g% y% l
E. Latchbolts:
& X) w, t6 x( G; W1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
4 I. ]$ `1 ]" E& \2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
# O. K* e; q7 g& a6 ]F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
* k: ~) A/ x& M* |7 c. VG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
8 u3 j( u5 y! G- qH. Thresholds:0 O: E  \3 J) R: T9 w( b0 w4 e
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
, u7 q2 r8 ?3 L2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
. ?  S3 W& N$ m6 K, c# @8 [I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
# B, }7 F6 v! F: A- JJ. Replace damaged hardware items.
" r! H* D" _0 C8 ^% P# r+ h- u6 f) r) ~
3.3 PROTECTION9 k" j5 e+ B  v
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial( i  p8 h2 g+ T( `' h
completion./ C) f% _6 u" P* G/ L
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
3 p" s% ^! o: q, F8 q* R* IC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
5 p8 |4 g9 }# Y7 mrecommendations.
" n3 P5 l9 |2 f+ d- n2 [D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.! s- y% A- ]2 ~! V
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
  q. m0 n2 t. [4 N* U3 Q% X主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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