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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
# J& h0 d& }7 V3 @+ F! Q6 U, L% Q1 p4 d5 H( E
  e& F" G2 P# @1 l: c; \8 K9 g8 Y
据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。( p; q; w6 f8 P" r. W0 m

6 E6 F; i4 c5 ~# t

" F9 T6 L, c5 V/ E2 }& a此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
5 G0 Z/ U3 X, ?$ f) u; v  R, e5 e3 L* d% X& H5 n
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。- [, M! G" l) X, e& |5 h+ Y0 b

3 a" {( f9 ?' i' |: H+ J1 {& }工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif" n* P9 D/ K) D& v7 y) m9 w0 a* N
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

% S  e% n! k- P国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。
7 z1 i% Y) H% P+ I我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
/ W. y; a; C% Q" Q% y4 p: w& L3 u: Y4 a! U8 C0 M
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:5 ^; w. B$ E' ^+ |. C' P
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。( ^" B' j+ _6 X# Z5 q1 w4 Y( B

6 s- ^$ A7 I9 A6 L  n2 ?8 Y$ t[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
8 L/ n) v7 e1 a+ D9 T; y经常见到的文件有以下几种:
2 S& X( E" q. aspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......! v, [/ e* I$ d# Q
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!1 p: I# x% Y, F* n: r# U; O
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下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!% [) j' ~' J! d1 a4 x+ z

0 Q" ~4 s) @9 \4 `INDEX' q0 a3 Q* s$ [/ B
1.0 SCOPE. ! ?, F# z! B( ~' [
1.1 General.
! t3 B' X; [0 E7 \; l1.2 Definitions.
5 R# }/ J; @5 U0 ^6 L2 G7 }1 S9 h2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 7 O, G* c! D$ g) ?
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. * j# F7 C2 Z# S5 n1 ?, \, s
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
, w* i3 I+ N6 n2 P+ Q, C4.0 BASIC DATA..
+ `2 w% a1 e  ?2 p% `. A" a& G" J4.1 Design Life.
: _, D- l/ [7 W! u$ J4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. & a8 L$ N* n$ Z8 `* i
4.3 Protection Current Density..
8 G$ I4 ?# ]# [4.4 Energy..
/ g- f3 _1 O. Q7 W8 G4.5 Test Posts.
2 K, S" E3 Y0 k4.6 Insulating Joint..   Z/ v' \0 Z, u6 P0 H
4.7 Effect of Electric Line. " V3 l( E" v$ }: V
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
! k- ^8 X5 ]6 x! F  D6 p5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. / r/ q( H5 N4 o
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
, x5 c1 [) A4 P* ]' l& d5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. 9 Z/ K$ w- O! q, {( H* y9 v
5.3 Anodes.
0 S# a) A" j' G9 d5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
' [+ q* L, L, s  _8 p$ [6 Z5.5 Anode Junction Box..
3 r+ y7 Z9 V6 T0 U/ \; `3 q: I( `5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes. " y% H% N. N2 S- q5 F( q: B0 r5 q
5.7 Cables.
  p4 l+ g: R6 ~" }# O' n4 T7 I5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
1 X" c7 \7 N, n, K# f5.9 Groundbed..
+ d% P9 }# g) v& t+ ^" @8 S5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem... 1 O$ {8 _% R. w- |( c2 d/ A
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
: S' B) ?1 S  X9 Y2 W5 N6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ; q5 c$ R# L: D- g1 r- m
7.0 INSTALLATION..
; ]4 d2 D! ^5 s* _/ t9 H8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. 4 C; ?# ^7 F' ]0 c8 v$ r3 o; _
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. ; p8 y( d) y3 s
10.0 SPARE PARTS.
- i$ K  a% R  c) o
3 K* T# i- y8 p% c[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD- j2 c2 ?6 D- U6 \1 d
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-13 S& w# H- _) ^/ ]5 W4 ]5 k
SECTION 087100 [9 q: D' K8 [$ O- k, F7 V& _* b
FINISH HARDWARE4 U% A) V+ I* d2 y1 p* v) `
$#; ~$ M6 e: f) [2 l
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier
9 L* H( K3 \! e, k! D5 {is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
, e$ t  N3 t. A! N: F; vBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.1 Q5 b3 V; {/ {3 ^- _+ w
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
8 {3 G( [9 m4 B#$
; q$ e$ e* S  e% cPART 1 -- GENERAL1 z% _  T6 p" Q; I; l
1 P3 N- {8 L" Z0 ], r, a
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
* e" U+ _/ ?+ I! ^A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
: p9 V& _. H9 s6 H& J' S$ n; Qand shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated6 X# C  D; ?6 G& t9 P2 H/ ^& ~( t+ H
on the Drawings and specified herein.. S/ s9 i; }9 h8 X. I

( ~. s, S  {& E% E7 ]1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
7 p- v2 \' ?7 ?9 |) x& V& e+ k1 BA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.$ v% t6 ~0 @5 g2 B
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.7 g' y3 w* l7 O# A( {7 K0 y5 Z
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.+ _# a- D) S% }7 }: v
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
5 X6 W$ a1 J/ q* u7 HE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
, d0 @+ B# [2 j8 Z; p8 QF. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
# I: H& K4 [$ F3 V( m/ GG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.- F1 C. N9 L' S* g/ y1 O) G
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
) J: l* n( d3 z  C1 I$ E
) T& D8 K* l$ \4 K7 f  t1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS* A' {% ]; ?8 @' L* K4 ?  V
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
$ t* `8 T- I* v  O% ?B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.0 x% G. y7 ]& E) X8 Z/ [
1. Commercial Standards:
) [( `6 O' f9 C( V  p# p1 kUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.2 r  W# l* w* p. v: d% a5 T
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
* d. |) W) G/ t6 ^7 Y, m5 A8 \Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware( F$ |$ `8 E; e  h* t
Scheduling and Format.
; X$ R- A9 V; h; y5 dBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association9 C1 x7 y, }* w
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
  G2 x+ P8 o' g& D0 l. iand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published8 }, Z# h  L6 _2 E# h6 r8 u. H
recommendations and specifications.
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
; U8 r. o4 Z8 b4 A- X, @. {A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
$ N; v, C- Y9 `, y! [" H5 P! VB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.  N, F1 I- w' O' r" f" l
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
, M4 ^6 X; P* `+ B; Z# M( d3 ^; Ehardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.+ i  j, [* V1 e6 {. ?0 U
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
  V2 w/ D3 A) U/ L2 Z& C( ?5 Zhardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.( m* G, B& {6 Q9 @- Q5 J- D0 N- f8 Q
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the$ c2 Y; d: i' Z- n) Z' @# Y% L
ENGINEER.7 H% u! B( Z; r. x' \
3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
6 x& Z# {1 [* Q3 C, ^+ `+ v- Lnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
; `- q. i- e8 ~$ X" D" Q, dand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
; D0 J" g7 A1 `0 H( b* w* Aall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
/ O0 P) H: w7 a4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
* |9 y; y1 N8 d0 U6 Y$ ~and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural! `2 h0 G7 y4 B1 J! w- Q
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
& H7 a4 p) E, g+ n# N% c5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and
4 W% s% }8 t; ~data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.: z3 ]1 C8 O0 W  v9 a
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.- y6 z8 I' }9 X/ E

9 y) R" d" I9 D, `1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE6 q' G7 {0 J+ _
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of+ `+ L( D8 k# {, q- r2 d
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the+ q9 c* U7 W/ R% I' G& _: s
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.- O# n5 T! j, t5 ~: s7 c, Q
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be1 e3 P  h0 \9 c( N( ~* d( B; I
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility4 {1 N7 t  z" O
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
' R0 W0 N; Y. }; x8 K+ z* o# Z1 hevaluation of all proposed substitute items.
3 y8 m5 I% ]# P6 J! |1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING; Q4 N$ J  M0 @- m+ y2 X2 t) \5 ]
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.# Z# x* S: q$ j, j
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
, U: m( }5 q6 U8 o, Aand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
+ y9 m- v& B( @% i, P1 Scontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from9 b* f; I; u2 p: @) Z1 O4 [6 t' s
the reviewed hardware list.
9 s" Y1 ?0 G6 K( `C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER
+ B( e3 q; v" k; t) L* t, L& jto prevent loss or damage until installation.
1 R) B0 _# T3 y  C; g) {1 l  _9 k! [; @9 X, R
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS- w7 A( Z. c$ m- C! X

& X) L) _6 P8 O, x2.1 GENERAL4 V$ o$ I8 h# X/ e0 g* \0 v1 g# ~
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
/ B1 J+ a% b" Y: X/ m6 |8 Findicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
  X, y; H- p& m4 c  ~& Ffunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
. S8 l! u4 L0 N$ R. E2 [fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
  g0 L% L# K) [& w6 yB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
' s8 u5 c6 ^3 w: j; L0 jappearance, maintenance, and replacement.
, M, g$ E6 b& U+ tC. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
+ V( d8 v! w2 u! d: v9 s$ w  Osubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be/ [0 k6 @& I0 r  }6 C, ?4 P
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in8 v1 I1 ]' d; |9 w& _  h
conformance with specified requirements.
  n: a6 g- [3 }9 C- MD. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
: d6 z8 x9 s! D6 s2 ccompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.0 P0 x3 g0 v5 o8 \9 o
9 R  P0 Q0 W: B6 a0 ]9 J6 l. F. k
2.2 PRODUCT TYPES- S3 ?) \: y1 }7 n# A& K6 M. S
A. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel3 u, _! ~" h! m8 B3 R) V) C
mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.8 h/ W% r$ |4 ]3 x
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and0 N* C. R+ ?% R" w$ Z' F
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.4 i0 r* ?/ D* H1 `, r
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
/ J+ y) S- g) U* G% QLock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.
0 o. u) `6 ]5 ~+ CD. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
/ D4 A& w+ Y0 C  g- i7 ushall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
9 x2 q1 m+ O5 k5 V$ J/ @6 hE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,) d8 C2 W1 H+ M4 V$ z$ {
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
' `+ o( Q! ]5 C& Y" U4 S0 g! ]with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.& a9 S% g8 m" u! G7 C" E8 k$ m' I4 e# S0 p
F. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
' V; a" R% n) \7 V) ndoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
' T) }  ]/ B" D8 ?" r6 vhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
9 F, U, k2 `0 yG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of) m) u" j7 }; Y+ U9 h2 g2 H! O3 @
doors.
+ {6 |0 y2 K. g  Y/ V$ _H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to2 o* t- E6 O1 F+ t: Y1 g! P  @
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
# V9 I3 n+ U/ m+ h: V+ B1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
1 u$ W- L3 y6 K  E. d2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
) k' n' c2 q7 G# o  d' Z  Z5 t3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.2 w. i0 p+ A* ]- g1 m
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
* s0 C% [; {' I6 d. }! Wconstruction keys for door locks during the construction period.
5 [" H( }7 s' X" L" vJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-# T' Z% k  t; {9 P
inches high x door width less 1-inch.  S4 x/ ^0 a+ L' r
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-* p) M# O7 o4 \( i
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.; K) M  O/ n$ X1 R9 w, b
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
  i- G/ P: {3 r6 W% W, aknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
5 J9 h0 Z( C; M8 c5 NListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal
( a6 b) ~8 [, [: Y* }# tdoors.; T* {: m, W( A9 g( F
, P; E! j8 E$ t8 I6 y9 g
2.3 FINISHES$ m0 d8 W! G: _+ H' N2 Y# `# W
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware8 d' |* b4 }6 n
Manufacturer's Association".1 }6 |/ E2 K: E# y
1. 600 - Prime Coat+ @8 K% J( O9 |2 e5 E3 \$ c) F
2. 626 - Dull Chromium' G  |2 g6 {+ [9 I
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
+ [  K3 a8 g: d# _7 `0 ?) C$ j1 a1 ?4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel% \; e- }2 |/ l4 F" f8 @
B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
3 B5 C: X; @7 l1 ]" m! H" T( [C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.3 T4 G4 k4 D' l' k5 C
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish% x' l- N  [  U3 b# i7 D; F5 `) ]
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.. q. p# N( R4 i/ A) _
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
7 o$ W0 W- G$ {$ kG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
" C0 I0 W+ M* C" x7 J: I" g5 n4 w5 x7 W2 Z& k
2.4 KEYING
4 k! f5 a" \" i* |A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
- S2 S$ M1 h4 M1 adetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the
2 H% a* Z; V% MCONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective& K: a7 _2 d9 ^3 j$ U* a+ M0 p
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the2 I+ F) j! e; o* v2 q
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
( X: B6 y1 G  ^2 c' V1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond
  d" ^& R2 P# @% `9 p0 Hwith change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.) f" E, K- w! j5 `4 x4 b: J
B. Keys:
" C  Q+ N+ L4 q& b- K3 J* p) X- U1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side8 j% m+ }* Z6 _6 P7 c
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
9 R: m  q; }! F) G: x2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed5 K/ E) ], i+ m& m! X0 q
different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
! @; \! K: `, y- Z7 \. F% X3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
$ ^7 F* }0 a! p7 _Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
8 U: v; j$ N3 O) M/ L( Iidentified by door locations.
( L: i! n7 g/ k* m5 y4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,5 L4 @$ G3 r' V2 ^
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock2 |- q' l. |) }: u, E: M% a! n
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.3 F3 [  t" J2 X9 w$ V1 x

+ ]( i1 x7 b2 H1 E: p# T) t2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE7 e+ j3 H. @& K, B3 T/ T0 h; a, ^
A. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
5 ~. Q5 O1 I  H* M, ]: vfollowing hardware or their equal:: a  _0 y8 k) ~9 i" c% C3 t" V
$## r& V) {( D- Z/ O2 Z0 {5 U; _
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
9 o) W' m0 j" @* Z2 w9 o" japplicable to this project.
+ t$ o9 ?4 M4 E7 e2 P#$* I) V) T6 U$ o5 L/ H8 l5 O# ~

* J) Y- T& D' I2.6 TEMPLATES4 A* k7 _5 T  I3 \
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
# R3 Q9 y: d5 Z' `* b  ^1 ^physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.: {5 b" H* n2 g) h: w( T4 ]
% [3 H: L( `  g/ o# f4 E
PART 3 -- EXECUTION% P6 J2 v$ a+ I

+ O  _7 o( e0 `. _9 O6 `/ L* O- u0 U3.1 GENERAL, \+ f& S$ G* S4 l. Y
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock6 ~: F4 Y" M" o7 Q
cylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project./ c: Q% r% v# s! A
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
9 {5 ?* `: ?( y* X0 F( Kshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
# Q0 l/ c  b' E8 B, jdoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.% _+ ^  _; u& l: G& E: t" y
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
' q0 ~8 E* j( M" [# I% A* j. Breplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
/ D4 J# Q- A" E% O# F3 [) U, A9 uD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
" [: ]6 p! w, U6 G6 u  y2 nsoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
+ k# A1 Z0 s1 E+ p5 R1 b, N' r& M% uother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
4 g5 L4 ]8 j. jacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
, d* T: q% T# t  D. U- o; L
# k6 h- R+ r6 M  L4 o7 m1 f' k3.2 INSTALLATION
/ n3 p" ]7 C3 i' j) r0 h# HA. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.4 p- h* q) m6 B' B; u( h
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
! j( I9 f5 C( oproper operation.
/ W/ N+ }$ X+ j) J" O& E; d, V! YC. Make work neat and secure.; j; H2 P: |3 `1 o( E% L* {' [
D. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware8 l; e% T2 l* y' o; s' j
installation.; }) }# f) r; k
E. Latchbolts:
  A; W7 ?( \1 F5 h1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.. y$ p# _9 r+ Y8 c  k* X1 a9 V5 ?
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
2 m2 E/ Q! j4 b4 X# \F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.. l  i6 ^- ^# E( ?* a; S( V) {( Q4 @
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.
' d0 I9 w: Y0 `H. Thresholds:
2 ?. Z7 g" ]9 l1 _, L0 T1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.$ c8 a/ c% n) @! J' m! H2 v7 O
2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.) c  l" Y  }1 P: [' o5 J, U
I. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
, a$ O( ?0 z& K; q: ]! BJ. Replace damaged hardware items.$ n. T8 b- p$ E' F: q4 H
& S* |* @9 H* h1 A7 {
3.3 PROTECTION) K# w' H' W0 R
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
2 N6 z0 O, e8 E; L: S' z: Ecompletion.! H) W$ x- }3 q) ~9 B
B. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.( Q% [, C  c1 S- H- f+ |9 r) N
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's2 @& ^  g, D+ c  x3 X5 z
recommendations." B' n( e4 \; Q7 l
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.+ b8 T# h' h& F- D& X$ j: D) B
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,' _9 u/ q" b+ j2 g
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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