发展和应用流动实验室测试柴油发动机排放－气态污染物和颗粒物排放？[英]

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发展和应用流动实验室测试柴油发动机排放1－气态污染物排放
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, `: T2 y4 J4 h' B9 m) @+ o# d$ gTitle：Development and Application of a Mobile Laboratory for Measuring Emissions from Diesel Engines. 1. Regulated Gaseous Emissions
Author：DAVID R . COCKER III、SANDIP D. SHAH等
Abstract：Information about in-use emissions from diesel engines remains a critical issue for inventory development and policy design. Toward that end, we have developed and verified the first mobile laboratory that measures on-road or realworld emissions from engines at the quality level specified in the U.S. Congress Code of Federal Regulations. This unique mobile laboratory provides information on integrated and modal regulated gaseous emission rates and integrated emission rates for speciated volatile and semivolatile organic compounds and particulate matter during real-world operation. Total emissions are captured and collected from the HDD vehicle that is pulling the mobile laboratory. While primarily intended to accumulate data from HDD vehicles, it may also be used to measure emission rates from stationary diesel sources such as backup generators. This paper describes the development of the mobile laboratory, its measurement capabilities, and the verification process and provides the first data on total capture gaseous on-road emission measurements following the California Air Resources Board (ARB) 4-mode driving cycle, the hot urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS), the modified 5-mode cycle, and a 53.2-mi highway chase experiment. NOx mass emission rates (g mi-1) for the ARB 4-mode driving cycle, the hot UDDS driving cycle, and the chase experiment were found to exceed current emission factor estimates for the engine type tested by 50%. It was determined that congested traffic flow as well as “off- Federal Test Procedure cycle” emissions can lead to significant increases in per mile NOx emission rates for HDD vehicles.
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1 D' ~& W" W5 x! u[ 本帖最后由 清风明月008 于 2007-12-16 20:33 编辑 ]

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Title：Development and Application of a Mobile Laboratory for Measuring Emissions from Diesel Engines. 2. Sampling for Toxics and Particulate Matter
' y6 D$ G% v5 MAuthor：DAVID R . COCKER III、SANDIP D. SHAH等
Abstract：Limited data are available on the emission rates of speciated volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) from mobile, in-use diesel engines operated on the road. A design for the sampling of these fractions and the first data from in-use diesel sources are presented in this paper. Emission rates for carbonyls, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM, and elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) are reported for a vehicle driven while following the California Air Resources Board (ARB) four-mode heavy heavy-duty diesel truck (HHDDT) cycle and while transiting through a major transportation corridor. Results show that distance specific emission rates are substantially greater in congested traffic as compared with highway cruise conditions. Specifically, emissions of toxic compounds are 3-15 times greater, and PM is 7 times greater under these conditions. The dependence of these species on driving mode suggests that health and source apportionment studies will need to account for driving patterns in addition to emission factors. Comparison of the PM/NOx ratios obtained for the above tests provides insight into the presence and importance of “off-cycle” emissions during on-road driving. Measurements from a stationary source (operated and tested at constant engine speed) equipped with an engine similar to that in the HHDDT yielded a greater understanding of the relative dependence of emissions on load versus engine transients. These data are indicative of the type of investigations made possible by the development of this novel laboratory.