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[分享] 力值、硬度计量名词术语及定义

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发表于 2007-1-22 11:47:57 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 中国江苏苏州

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目录
8 c1 e2 a6 z2 N, E* h1力基(标/校)准机 ( )' b2 w2 V+ `5 l4 H+ u. _
1.1 力 ( Force) ( )+ Y6 k% O! W+ O& ^9 Y/ r
1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )! E, m/ d. A/ j& D
1.3 重力 (gravity) ( ). i( n, f' _9 h% Z5 S6 [
1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( ): _8 E5 g* q: ~# C
1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )
( N, f2 D1 O' k1 z5 h  _1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )) A8 x; r, R% V8 C' h
1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
+ j2 f, i; x( \% C6 P1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( )2 ~9 b( H5 L) v
1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
" Y; a  a& f+ t$ @) b/ p! O1 u1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( )" a- k5 x6 p$ q2 ?9 f
1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( )
/ r, X$ i& ~: e1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )
  i; z# x" G0 F6 _1 o1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )7 S' w& o3 V0 U3 P5 j4 ]7 ?
1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( )8 S$ c" I+ p( r
1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( )
# ]5 d3 i( i9 K( ~1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )
! |) y8 |8 U9 c6 [3 W0 ~1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )
' o* V" X0 p+ z; e! `2 w1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
6 r8 H* @0 s0 B8 a" z' Z1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )" P( _. D( @+ m# T5 c: D
1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )
! u1 q+ m! k4 L- K; Y+ \1.21 扭矩校准杠杆(torque-calibration lever) ( )
! d) l. j; K7 Q  ]3 J1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )5 Z# w- _% W% I/ ~2 p. A8 R8 `% l
1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
# j/ S0 Q0 Q5 ^9 E3 i1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )4 t- b4 m# ~( M1 b2 _' p. M
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8 f* r+ x# p$ O. T. w1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( )
! L! ]; c$ [$ j) `1.26 力值示偏差(force indication deviation) ( )
% F7 t) `/ ?) G" c1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( )( h& B* c+ D6 d$ d" M% X# x! j) n1 D
1.28 力级 (force step) ( )# P3 ^" D* R3 `8 q+ S$ r- x
1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
' }& N1 b5 u& O" |: c1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( )) o9 T$ K+ Y5 o
1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( )
" I0 d% A+ C/ f4 X) ~" {5 G9 y0 g" K1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( )
5 p1 \/ n! Y5 J' w' m% G' k1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )
! Q% \- M: u8 Z" `& v! X1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )+ O+ V! @) ?" l
1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )$ c, \: h/ b! D& t( @
1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
# _6 A  S6 Q& L1 K' z1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )) J7 U2 }( [* f) ?, r0 q" e
1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
' Y5 @. g' u, O$ U$ A! v- A# f$ W1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )
4 r1 k' i& Q9 a! O+ Z1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )) }0 D% v8 b; z* o
1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )
2 x7 s4 D5 T# }, A! k$ O1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )" F6 z0 r4 n, x" b! c- ]; V2 m
1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )
3 r5 w5 E, ]5 R7 r: j1 Z( q  n* ]9 o1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
4 Q' W0 d' A8 U+ h7 [1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )
4 ^7 l: N9 W% _1 n7 J1 a% H1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( )  P1 U9 g- J( j( U4 {# u
1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )
+ E9 u) u4 F$ L- [. ]1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )- O( Z$ Q4 K4 N& x* m5 t  _
1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )
* [4 ]# c# R3 E, o/ U2 N5 `1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )
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4
  p8 V4 P1 R  y& Q6 [; A' S" W1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )
8 o& Z( N& {$ K+ I1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
5 N4 |& Q/ X% Q  b, E; K1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )
- W0 `$ F4 @1 p) M1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( ); t+ G% l" }; e# |$ x  t" l9 D
1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( )% n! j1 y) _( L; d. H( N
1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )7 M# u  ?; U0 t7 A  F9 j
1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
7 D& y. w2 \- r1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( )2 i" m: h! z' {6 z9 J
1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )
, O( H. U' w1 q: o: `8 Q; f3 z) M$ j1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( )
+ m" B4 R; ?/ Q2 W; `$ p& A! d1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( ); D  E, z5 Q$ n7 b) Z& V4 y8 J% N' D
1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )
2 r$ u. m8 B4 X7 c2 {( @4 s. z1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )
9 [3 M" ]8 p+ O  Q, ^1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )
/ k) h% T+ z6 w. r1 v% |1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( ), m7 H) P( ]# z% P
1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )
3 G9 I) K- f/ w0 N) k. n8 A8 Z1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )  i' f; m( l$ V* [
1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )6 V$ `- P* F- _& c' e9 `/ \1 w$ @
1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
3 P& P8 {; `# Q5 r! w7 v! u9 P" b1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )) Y" u* B: ~5 E& ^. e/ m5 i
1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )
0 O, e0 a( k0 q6 O. M- `1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )
' a! ?% X( D5 H7 i# t1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )
/ E% R+ \. U6 D7 T. K' `  Y* C. N2 测力仪 ( )
& K) j" X" Q8 S/ P( `2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( )
# m$ ?4 n% t& T3 f6 t7 H) g2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )
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1 I! ]/ A5 m$ Z5 b6 S5& t1 m; l4 P! r5 p
2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( )
: k! @% w9 [$ Y3 x" w3 x2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )
% o7 \3 c/ d- P& r2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )
# s& I# n' a6 H' X9 `; X0 |5 ~2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )
% k6 V2 D& x+ i; R2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )- N8 T3 u6 A9 k9 y( j0 r3 Z
2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )
: ?( E: A7 V+ M2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( ), n& x9 R# o3 y- b; _, ^  o" o
2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )% v" M4 r( Y+ \8 q/ F8 Y( P
2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )
* Z6 w/ h% W- O$ m7 w2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )+ M5 q6 ?: K$ i0 |+ Z
2.13 负荷 (load) ( )
; _$ Q+ Z5 p2 }; Q9 o* R2 R2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )
5 N4 q2 `4 W3 u9 Z8 t  A( J2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )
, X! C9 R  u4 j2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )
$ J. k! h7 [/ f. t' W2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
( g3 Y& s- A3 u2 s# k# p! B% L4 B  q2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( )
, J& u7 d0 n8 a8 i' e2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( ); h; m6 C9 h6 W4 @% w# i. ^
2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )+ x* q6 x5 B* E3 D5 e6 L1 Q
2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )
3 `' o' S/ G* {0 f7 q% {2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )" {  Z  A4 {6 s7 N
2.23 检定 (verification) ( )) N9 e/ u( \) B3 f0 e( X$ _
2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )
. q: b; [- f: t% U4 F# g8 P' j2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )! |; a8 }8 A& `" h) h$ o
2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )1 R5 }5 E8 |. Y% d5 l  X
2.27 分度值 (division) ( )
+ _8 b4 Y! y) x! P5 I2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )
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6, b4 ~0 O8 F0 b8 s* F7 l
2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )
. m# X* g. Y3 @2 P* x2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( )
* ~9 y! Y: D6 w$ g+ h. z' T2 ?+ R$ N2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )5 e9 \$ t* H% p' K1 c
2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )
, r# r' T; }' B7 v$ t2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )
; W1 W& c% a( D2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
4 ]; l/ t4 r# a" a# S2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )
+ G/ `4 N8 x- |4 y2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( )
! Y# u; h5 t- _: M- ]2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( )( Q2 Y2 H# M4 ?4 w3 ~& \
2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
8 o9 F* k% i6 P. \6 e; [2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )
3 d& Q4 b" u, A3 Q2.40 测功机(Machine measuring power) ( )/ }! K' n9 k$ p3 Y7 j
2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum# j, k; `' c& w+ L: F2 W
impact machine)# z; s) P+ n. {% ?5 y
( )
8 e3 m. H6 ]5 v7 O! W8 J# T2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
# Z- w- t- R3 K2 G( h( o3 负荷传感器 ( )/ X# Q. u2 r  R4 j/ \
3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )
9 e4 ~6 W6 e8 r# q& d" v* v* N3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )+ S" P3 |  }7 q1 k& Q
3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition,operating) ( )+ R/ W' V4 w0 U& W+ P0 k' H
3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( ); r7 B. \/ W. h- N/ l* y
3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( )2 Q% I; j9 y. {
3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )& U9 w1 z; a" C
3.7 测力传感器 (Force transducer) ( )
3 R3 C9 r. h/ E3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( )
. A% C' k. `  t, F0 f( c! a4 @3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
. p' ^4 U( x' w$ L) C6 I3.11 参考传感器(组)(Reference transducer(s)) ( )6 `) L5 I8 X, c5 h: j- ?# ?3 |
3.12 多分量校准系统(Calibration system for multi-component transducer) ( )5 @& X) K, N3 s4 Q
3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )
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$ ?- K( B, o2 ]- H0 h& s7
: S) s) ]8 z3 ]4 O3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )
8 i" {% ?6 j; G+ `+ `3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( ): X9 m  Q; z3 m" Z! I0 ]
3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )
/ ?0 `' P+ a! `$ C# L6 \, k3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )0 H! I% _- ?7 X0 ^( k  i
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )2 p9 @. c5 S- G3 A6 `( X& C
3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )
  [2 x- M; D7 D" S% d# l. p3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )
! k; w5 W$ z# M, r4 c8 a* w6 Q3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
/ ~# |2 A4 U- B+ ~3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )
* H' G' s& Q1 p  v3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )
( O) P- G. b8 Y& x1 m. f3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )
' o0 }* m5 h9 ]+ v( w2 m2 d& L5 Y. \3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( )
- {" K. w; e* O  F% j3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load,concentric) ( )
) S- t% B2 n. n6 G0 \  G' S3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load,eccentric) ( )
- [! p2 g, i$ B1 S9 Z0 p" g3.28 输出 (output) ( )
! n; h( @! D7 U" K* P1 r3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )
; D5 W  y6 a( p/ ~' m3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )* A& C* d* \3 g1 ^8 O
3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( )
/ ?/ I4 A, w" ~6 f3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )) X3 l* y5 j" V9 p( Y: \" z& }
3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )3 `/ |* Z: x5 g' p8 O, W8 u
3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )
* o0 d) g7 d9 w, h0 N3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )4 s7 H0 U& T! |( g# F7 Z
3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( )% a: S7 z2 C: P* l+ ^
3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line,translation) ( )
, F4 F* J4 n1 }3 ]( X3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
% X+ p' T$ p# p5 y- K3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )$ W) Q& ?; |( r
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance,sensitivity) ( )
. X8 c6 }4 P# a7 {# ~8 {. S3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )4 [& C) r5 }. x  q+ y7 P0 U
3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )
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3 }( {/ k# J7 [% A9 @( d' B8
6 L% Y  x) E6 K( S- K3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )
8 \2 n3 g5 V$ @/ E; |8 S( p3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )8 K# Y  U, Q/ v/ [" e
3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )' `, ]$ u8 a# d" r% a1 p
3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )# K+ ~: T! w+ _1 P
3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( )9 I2 L+ R: x7 e/ Y' n
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
6 l2 K+ V8 A8 k# e+ l3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )
4 S3 r( G+ K, R% q7 o' M$ R0 \7 c3 T3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( ): N; m/ b4 h5 K- C1 B& u1 \
3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
+ A/ z  H5 W& e: S3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )2 g+ l9 K1 q" N9 O8 @  a
3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( )
: B' z2 ]5 u' h8 W3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( )0 u9 ~6 a* k/ c! u2 G9 h" ]! n: D% W
3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range,compensation) ( )* D2 X! U# v! S
3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )
5 [' z* R# h2 p+ s/ m7 b' i2 g1 j6 l3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )! I1 G% r" O! y) T0 E5 X
3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
, |8 ~- C3 L# c3 ^" q; T' Q( n; V6 P3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )+ h; g! c1 L+ L! R* Y
3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )
# l7 D6 {* [: L' e' p3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )
8 ~+ f, O! t5 B; ]" O3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift,permanent) ( )- {' d" n; v  t/ w2 }$ L* w( {
3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
- z4 u- [' Z; c! i* E# j3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
+ S. @2 Z) s$ @" D3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )6 s/ Y) G6 i+ A$ v0 ^
3.66 使用寿命 (Life,operating) ( ), l8 O+ i9 ]% V/ l
3.67 循环寿命 (Life,cycling) ( )" |& H3 h4 l4 d% L& N7 X# e6 S
3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )- W/ Q8 a/ T6 l9 |* Y5 F9 ~3 m
3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )
! ]: f5 z% J0 u3 Z) `" a3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( )

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