力值、硬度计量名词术语及定义

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目录
1力基（标/校）准机 ( )
1.1 力 ( Force) ( )
1.2 万有引力 (Universal gravitation) ( )
1.3 重力 (gravity) ( )
1.4 弹性力 (elastica) ( )
9 Z$ K2 _( o7 h1.5 重力加速度 (gravity acceleration) ( )
0 Q+ w8 k  L1 z5 H" x% s+ z1.6 牛顿 (Newton) ( )
1.7 力标准机 (force standard machine) ( )
1.8 力基准机 (primary force standard machine) ( )
6 T/ f+ b, a1 h: ^8 F* z! R1.9 力校准机 (force calibration machine) ( )
1.10 静重式力标准机 (deadweight force standard machine - DWM) ( )
1.11 杠杆式力标准机 (lever-amplification force standard machine - LM) ( )
7 r' n- n. }" {$ x0 g4 J( [1.12 液压式力标准机 (hydraulic-amplification force standard machine-HM) ( )
9 ^* ^4 V# u" P8 G: G4 T3 \  ]1.13 叠加式力标准机 (build-up force standard machine-BM) ( )
1.14 力比较机 (force comparator-FC) ( )
1.15 扭矩基准机 (primary standard torquer) ( )
- ^! E+ F/ l6 L; ]1.16 扭矩校准机 (torque calibration machine) ( )
; l/ l! J8 Q4 x8 Q5 t1.17 静重式扭矩标准机 (deadweight torque standard machine - DTM) ( )
1.18 杠杆式扭矩标准机 (lever-amplification torque standard machine - LTM) ( )
; m6 n# o7 Z# j2 L9 }5 X: w: h, @1.19 串接式扭矩标准机 (serial-connection torquer -SCT) ( )
1.20 测力式扭矩标准机 (torquer by mean of measuring force-TMF) ( )
' s9 X2 D& E2 a! Z1.21 扭矩校准杠杆（torque-calibration lever） ( )
8 `- H2 R1 o3 o( C' j1.22 摆锤式冲击标准机 (pendulum impact standard machine) ( )
7 G# ~; j- [  w7 X1.23 摆锤式冲击基准机 (pendulum impact primary standard machine) ( )
1.24 力值不确定度 (force uncertainty) ( )
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) @$ g0 H) h6 ], A; P1.25 力值重复性 (force repeatability) ( )
1 J1 O$ [; W' ]1.26 力值示偏差（force indication deviation） ( )
9 K% H2 f9 @6 K+ G1.27 力值范围 (force range) ( )
1.28 力级 (force step) ( )
: e/ v' [" k1 E$ [- A+ F1.29 灵敏阈 (sensitivity threshold) ( )
* _0 O5 Z9 Y5 K; O3 _$ r( g1.30 寄生分量 (parasitic components) ( )
7 @( Q$ q* Y9 T% _1.31 旋转效应 (rotation effect) ( )
, D: ?; }. Z" E/ M1.32 重叠效应 (overlapping effect) ( )
( O% ~- |: J- g; ~8 A: |+ r: W) w1.33 力值直线度 (linearity of force) ( )
1.34 附加滞后 (additional hysteresis) ( )
; L- f3 d: f3 V7 @: V" {( m1.35 递增负荷 (increasing force) ( )
1.36 递减负荷 (decreasing force) ( )
  i4 {! e5 y5 H2 ]; A1.37 逆负荷现象 (counter-force phenomenon) ( )
; F$ g% L. P5 ~: M5 a1.38 加荷时间 (period for loading) ( )
) [. @: d+ t# T1.39 加荷速率 (loading rate) ( )
1.40 卸荷时间 (period for unloading) ( )
) @9 n+ J+ z; f# m. w/ n+ b1.41 卸荷速率 (unloading rate) ( )
1 R8 i; H* f" l6 B1.42 砝码 (weight) ( )
! T% `1 _! g' N) b; a1.43 机架 (fixed framework) ( )
1.44 负荷机架 (loading frame) ( )
2 p- g9 l9 w) ^1 b9 Q! G2 e6 E% G9 _1.45 压力试台 (Platform for loading) ( )
" F5 S) S& f) O( `8 P1.46 提升架 (lifting frame) ( )
1 q2 Z) ~- @1 Y; K% R2 B& B1.47 加荷横梁 (beam for loading) ( )
0 O+ {+ T7 }5 P4 z. j1.48 压缩空间 (room for compression device) ( )
1.49 拉伸空间 (room for tension device) ( )
1.50 反向器 (reverser) ( )
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/ ?4 p( i5 C8 H! ~# n1.51 杠杆 (lever) ( )
5 x# v* W4 F& H: I5 h% Q" }  u1.52 支点刀 (supporting-knife) ( )
/ f* {) D' q) V( ~, T6 [4 b# \1.53 重点刀 (weight-knife) ( )
1.54 力点刀 (force-knife) ( )
8 Z1 z) a) `  r; h$ A/ G' p1.54 杠杆有效长度 (effective length of lever) ( )
; P; B1 V3 {/ m2 q$ D- }1.55 杠杆比 (Lever amplification-ratio) ( )
9 `# W4 ^: ~5 c. z. J1.56 直接加荷部分 (directly loading unit) ( )
1.57 负荷放大部分 (main unit) ( )
* W- n. {+ P8 m! k% t1.58 比例活塞 (proportional piston) ( )
1.59 比例油缸 (proportional cylinder) ( )
; Y* ?- O" L/ I) S  j7 U- ^) R1.60 加荷活塞 (loading piston) ( )
) [* S0 o- z) X  t1.61 加荷油缸 (loading cylinder) ( )
3 E4 D' B8 m: @1 b1.62 放大比 (Amplification ratio) ( )
1.63 活塞有效面积 (effective cross-area of piston) ( )
1.64 油缸转速 (turn-speed of cylinder) ( )
* |/ r1 |7 M6 z1.65 油缸旋转线速度 (speed of cylinder) ( )
1.66 导向活塞 (guide-piston ( )
1.67 最大压力 (maximum pressure) ( )
* J2 `( Y8 ?$ U8 f5 ^: t: r- o1.68 负荷转换活塞 (piston for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
( H0 C& ~6 B: K+ }1 a. x. D8 b5 a1.69 负荷转换油缸 (cylinder for load relieving & pressure transmitting) ( )
1.70 同轴度 (coaxality) ( )
1.71 几何同轴度 (geometric coaxality) ( )
4 I3 ]$ c8 m. `# }& O7 h1.72 受力同轴度 (coaxality with load) ( )
2 测力仪 ( )
% P9 t& ^# o0 S. |5 {2.1 测力仪 (dynamometer) ( )
6 s. L& v' u4 z: [2.2 标准测力仪 (standard dynamometer) ( )
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2.3 弹性体 (elastic element) ( )
% B$ ?& t6 O; y. V7 |2.4 变形测量装置 (indicator of deflection) ( )
  D5 O% D. C& y) [( N3 b, u2.5 变形 (deformation) ( )
2.6 额定变形 (deflection under rated load) ( )
! X7 |/ F$ h+ |7 _2.7 读数值 (reading) ( )
2.8 变形示值 (indication of deflection) ( )
) n0 H. H8 X! m# k2.9 测力环 (proving ring) ( )
  b- y6 q+ J# v# z# ~! ]2.10 压向测力仪 (compression dynamometer) ( )
# z$ W8 b' u7 Z4 O2.11 拉向测力仪 (tension dynamometer) ( )
; `3 D$ j; U, j4 x, Y% I2.12 双向测力仪 (tension & compression dynamometer) ( )
2.13 负荷 (load) ( )
2.14 静负荷 (static load) ( )
2.15 动负荷 (dynamic load) ( )
2.16 循环负荷 (cycle load) ( )
1 u1 i2 r2 Q5 V3 N2.17 随机负荷 (random load) ( )
1 `; a& r' X6 ~! ], ?2.18 冲击负荷 (impact load) ( )
2.19 额定负荷 (rated load) ( )
2.20 最小负荷 (minimum load) ( )
2.21 负荷范围 (load range) ( )
2.22 预负荷 (preload) ( )
2.23 检定 (verification) ( )
2 l3 G1 @: r# Z- B2 u. a- O2.24 定度 (calibration) ( )
2.25 进程定度 (increasing calibration) ( )
/ I" h! S3 h! O6 [- Q9 X' h2.26 回程定度 (decreasing calibration) ( )
3 S3 Y3 i$ t# T9 @5 s) I$ X9 W1 t2.27 分度值 (division) ( )
, s9 Y$ T$ [* }( G$ I, D2.28 重复性 (repeatability) ( )
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/ i7 m  h; T4 i* U) |" S2.29 滞后 (hysteresis) ( )
2.30 稳定度 (Long-term stability) ( )
# g, v1 e3 ?) g  @% n2.31 温度修正系数 (coefficient for temperature correction) ( )
2.32 校准方程 (calibration equation) ( )
$ f: ^* t3 r3 [2 m* B2.33 管形测力仪 (cylindric dynamometer) ( )
1 ~1 S$ Z" L  d( _+ F' p- E1 [2.34 扭矩仪 (torque-meter) ( )
, ^7 P1 m4 Y" P  W2 C2.35 标准扭矩仪 (standard torque-meter) ( )
2.36 扭矩扳子 (Torque wrench) ( )
2.37 扭矩扳子检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque wrench) ( )
. ~7 c) J! m" B% o- `& ^2.38 扭矩改锥 (Torque driver) ( )
$ [/ G" c# H$ f/ E9 d& T( G2.39 扭矩改锥检定/校准仪(Calibrator of torque driver) ( )
3 ^8 w7 }: Y% l. G, h- ]* I2.40 测功机（Machine measuring power） ( )
  [! B" g) B& ?3 p7 z" f+ @% ?2.41 摆锤式冲击机检定标准装置 (standard equipment for calibration of pendulum
; Z9 E" g4 v; c# M% E% s8 b1 cimpact machine)
( )
) x0 s9 {3 ^- J+ Z. k2.42 标准冲击块 (standard impact blocks) ( )
3 a, a5 a& k% q* I3 负荷传感器 ( )
  W2 i" w1 ?% B2 U( l9 ?3 c3.1 环境条件 (ambient conditions) ( )
3.2 环境温度 (ambient temperature) ( )
3.3 使用环境条件 (ambient condition，operating) ( )
3.4 室内条件 (room condition) ( )
4 g" N  g; x% g3.5 标准试验条件 (standard test condition) ( )
3.6 负荷传感器 (load cell) ( )
  J7 d6 A: S2 F4 R* C3.7 测力传感器 （Force transducer） ( )
. n/ E) e# W  C, s& \4 m3.9 扭矩传感器(Torque transducer) ( )
3.10 多分量传感器(Multi-component transducer) ( )
3.11 参考传感器（组）(Reference transducer(s)) ( )
  t% ~8 V9 H" ^/ j6 I1 `3.12 多分量校准系统（Calibration system for multi-component transducer） ( )
* F* Z5 y# k9 {, o9 j1 F( f7 k3.13 应变式负荷传感器 (strain gauge load cell) ( )
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: H! g! N9 K- L% t5 ]  w- J3.14 压电式负荷传感器 (piezoelectric load cell) ( )
3.15 压磁式负荷传感器 (magneto-elastic load cell) ( )
3.16 电感式负荷传感器 (inductive load cell) ( )
3.17 电容式负荷传感器 (capacitive load cell) ( )
3.18 压阻式负荷传感器 (piezoresistive load cell) ( )
. a. U& I7 y8 J, y1 n3.19 敏感元件 (sensing element) ( )
3.20 主轴线 (primary axis) ( )
3.21 轴向负荷 (axial load) ( )
  w- e) S" y0 J  z+ F3.22 安全过负荷 (overload, safe) ( )
- O- Z3 }7 F, |7 F: ^4 g( j  v3.23 极限过负荷 (0verload, ultimate) ( )
3.24 侧向负荷 (side load) ( )
, N/ P# B2 n& L% ]& k3.25 偏心负荷 (eccentric load) ( )
3.26 同心倾斜负荷 (angular load，concentric) ( )
3.27 偏心倾斜负荷 (angular load，eccentric) ( )
8 G/ x" w& h6 }. g  e" G8 C% f- J3.28 输出 (output) ( )
3.29 额定输出 (rated output) ( )
  c$ q( ^; y0 T9 O7 z" f- |3.30 零点输出 (zero output) ( )
3.31 过冲 (overshoot) ( )
3.32 校准 (calibration) ( )
3.33 静态校准 (static calibration) ( )
' V5 q/ W( ~7 `/ A6 d: M3 u8 W9 w, a3.34 校准曲线 (calibration curve) ( )
1 U5 }0 j% N) B; t, _& D3.35 工作直线 (operating line) ( )
1 [3 h5 M0 k6 S3 ?7 K% e& m: H% G3.36 端点直线 (end-point line) ( )
5 ]3 {" v8 G6 N% O3.37 端点平移直线 (end-point line，translation) ( )
( V8 T" x+ ]9 V* L7 y0 r  G3.38 最小二乘法直线 (least-squares line) ( )
: j- b9 o, [5 p7 `3.39 灵敏度 (sensitivity) ( )
3.40 灵敏度允差 (tolerance，sensitivity) ( )
3.41 不对称度 (un-symmetry) ( )
3.42 直线度 (linearity) ( )
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3.43 综合误差 (combined error) ( )
3.44 蠕变 (creep) ( )
3.45 蠕变恢复 (creep recovery) ( )
3.46 输入电阻 (input resistance) ( )
) ~+ s. f4 ]# r  o3.47 输出电阻 (output resistance) ( )
3.48 绝缘电阻 (insulation resistance) ( )
3.49 激励 (excitation) ( )
9 _9 z( H8 M! H. x3.50 最大激励 (maximum excitation) ( )
- u7 n$ U: B; u3.51 补偿 (compensation) ( )
3.52 安全温度范围 (temperature range, safe) ( )
3.53 额定输出温度影响 (temperature effect on rated output) ( )
3.54 零点输出温度影响 (temperature effect on zero output) ( )
( O* y: j" D% i, U' O* A# j3.55 温度补偿范围 (Temperature range，compensation) ( )
/ i) }1 R% T+ K3.56 预热时间 (warm-up period) ( )
9 D; S" G/ g! t' }) X3.57 稳定时间 (stabilization period) ( )
# x! U% m9 s$ \" p  y3.58 额定输出环境影响 (span instability) ( )
3.59 漂移 (drift) ( )
3 ^3 V- L7 t  s" X! _9 j0 {3.60 灵敏度漂移 (sensitivity drift) ( )
3.61 零点漂移 (zero drift) ( )
3.62 零点永久漂移 (Zero drift，permanent) ( )
6 b8 K# G0 J  `3.63 零点恢复 (zero return) ( )
% r6 E: `1 |" \5 G1 h3 c3.64 零点环境影响 (zero instability) ( )
3.65 零点移动 (zero float) ( )
3.66 使用寿命 (Life，operating) ( )
  |& Q; w: F9 |7 {, K3.67 循环寿命 (Life，cycling) ( )
5 S# h6 r& @& C3 T! U3.68 固有频率 (natural frequency) ( )
( b# [- C" Q. u+ _3 b+ B* G* [/ t" C3.69 动态特性 (dynamic characteristics) ( )
3.70 频率响应 (frequency response) ( )