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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
4 h6 x6 @4 m8 W" T* u
3 l% `* Y% j3 t+ ?8 M2 B. D

* b+ r1 t* ]' Q3 A4 _: L据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。3 b4 ]8 ^& i0 B
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。0 n6 f2 E0 K' x

; ~! Q: {! r. K1 Q3 t6 K& f[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。7 P7 j! d  K$ U$ n
& ?" W1 v9 b! M, N: y+ M
工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif
# d+ K3 A7 d) m2 i; ?1 b. w- K* ~国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
: [% A( K  g% Z4 w/ ]( ?( w* ~
国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。$ b7 ]" c) r5 d- h3 l) r( y
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
( }" S/ Q9 ~) J' [+ ]$ [6 p0 v: e$ k' p) b8 x* t+ n2 p
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:0 S6 q( z+ _; L, B
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。- N4 G$ ]. P! {

: N$ q2 Q- r! j7 x7 L( X& X+ p工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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! o- d' U5 _5 U6 Q, f; |) I% ?[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
- Y# F# m, `, q) q( d; Z  {经常见到的文件有以下几种:
; S& f1 g3 z; |/ Cspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
& n+ g  P- K6 B# ]) e那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!- f9 x3 H3 Z6 b

/ i3 ^2 U, R# W( b下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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$ \. P0 g/ i4 _# X4 ]; dINDEX
  X) O' J0 I7 Y, i5 E5 \1 w/ b1.0 SCOPE.
8 A. ?& r2 G7 I( V; q8 z& S9 ^6 R; }1.1 General.
9 x0 V5 f' y; k) `3 E1.2 Definitions.
" l- I: D- e! O0 c2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 6 r9 x; @$ G8 m0 S# p) ^; b3 k" S
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards. 9 `( Z8 y6 m" {: m6 o
3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 7 @9 e  c8 p8 I, G. v
4.0 BASIC DATA..
; c2 y8 F8 j% N% Q3 b. p4.1 Design Life.
( v* ]( Q5 B# G8 ], m* I4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
# C" o; l2 W  y# J4.3 Protection Current Density..
4 T2 y3 P, U& k6 D8 s- Y4.4 Energy..
+ E, h8 L  E% d7 ~( L4.5 Test Posts.
. ^6 I5 N+ R) J6 u' Z4.6 Insulating Joint..
/ {6 I6 \8 D. B+ A4.7 Effect of Electric Line. 7 n# ~' a7 C% X
4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection..
! C4 P1 `% u2 R& p  H' v2 o5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA.. / ^. f" x1 A+ x& g  Q0 l' C- J
5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
. r2 K. ]& f/ g" u0 x, G9 V+ K7 R5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
' A6 a* \& d- n( Q5.3 Anodes. & b0 Y/ ~0 N( R1 b/ c
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill. 9 `. C0 d. D# \
5.5 Anode Junction Box..
8 A$ j0 z0 a" n5 i5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
; e6 S$ i1 F  Y$ `' S# c5.7 Cables.
& x4 Q( B; b  b: ?' o# D5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
5 ]8 O$ J! E7 V# P5.9 Groundbed.. 1 Y0 e" V* R; [* ^& f6 F" T
5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...   r8 c. Z, |: X! `9 \: K/ b
5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
# v- m9 D( r, e* l2 K. G1 f" y6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... 9 O" L" B% t$ ^4 j
7.0 INSTALLATION.. ! V. G' y4 t; J1 f
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS. 2 S& p- [9 ~- ^  P
9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
4 x% K2 ?* A  h9 |10.0 SPARE PARTS.
6 h" ]$ u& j; H6 ^* Z6 E4 L) R! d) o: D1 O
[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD
, R% T+ X# j. V0 S[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
7 x0 u6 f' `% j" N- |SECTION 087101 J, o  B; H4 `
FINISH HARDWARE9 z; |: H* y0 L
$#4 Q1 S% D4 C1 p) r$ ?7 b$ e
NTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier: H8 G' g+ Z# F& h, l* b
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
  {) }/ e3 S/ V. `$ G. o  e, g6 ZBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.0 s7 h, V) X0 M# W6 G: x9 R
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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PART 1 -- GENERAL
6 g: s; m4 E- f" {5 i) ^' M
+ n( e* p8 u1 X# H/ d0 ~- x" X0 M1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
& @( @  O3 c% x! v) ]. i/ MA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,8 v4 O! @- b; X6 I' N
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated3 h3 g% ?+ N) c$ `& b
on the Drawings and specified herein.
7 I6 t7 L! M( p" @7 `% E6 N: ^1 F8 Q8 \3 y8 \+ p7 k
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE$ N0 E- r; d2 U; U1 n1 t5 b
A. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
" v' o$ x7 K, m0 C$ `5 bB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
; i  M4 ?$ Q6 y4 aC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
/ e- n" P$ q1 fD. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
- `3 [0 Z1 O9 e$ g( _/ X7 Y3 H7 jE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.
1 z3 M! D. V5 i6 j8 @F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
- G7 S$ L' \2 g5 }* ]G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.# d9 U9 A, c+ D" Q$ [4 S# q
H. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
; e, P% G" u: i" j! f7 [$ N8 l* x* w2 ]! j0 u
1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS( q+ V$ e2 d. l7 k9 o. b0 [  N
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.% W% o4 g+ @7 L3 u1 L: i
B. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
* j% z. j) \2 R. G& ?  M1. Commercial Standards:
- B; J6 @( r! M; nUnderwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.
# P' D( k/ b+ E: l. uHardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
2 j; @& E7 n2 y  VSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware; N/ v0 z0 D/ Z1 G' q
Scheduling and Format.8 t% R3 r, i" A% n" I
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association1 @2 I" a! i# T+ q0 m3 M2 s
2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
7 N" o! y. n- b! P+ q9 m' rand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
5 w" L% f# m0 k+ R. nrecommendations and specifications.( y: S' o1 n0 e: `7 K7 e; F

+ S+ i& D) S% e- |1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS
, V$ C- ~( y# Q* y% y0 U- `8 DA. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
% L3 {! H( E/ G2 f; m; |9 _* |B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.& y- }5 N5 x$ ^: i3 t8 I" Q
1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the6 Y4 @# }* X) R) Q$ h7 Y' l: H
hardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.* g& v  Q9 t4 C1 Z
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed. {6 t7 y; ]' a  ?, A6 T# \7 a
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
& x$ t  R! e- n6 c. L- lNo hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
6 Z. q* r3 |0 x) V: YENGINEER.
$ B4 @. w8 i% {8 d' Q3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
/ g7 }! T! l4 \; fnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
% ?" A3 Z7 m/ v  u- {and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and/ t! @& Q/ [  E/ [2 i
all hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements./ D% m1 `* k& d% g. @
4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
0 u- n0 W& u) x" l( w2 S- ~and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural, e4 D' S5 S- f% a( E
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".
- W8 a* q' _6 k5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and, e  [* a  X4 }
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.( |+ z2 |% w+ U* w. ~4 J0 A. z
6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.  l' s+ p* f! |( i# V- C

5 A' {9 }7 Y: q% D1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE  [) \6 V: N  A0 k. T
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
* A7 ~# |& R. k* u, _' dindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
# h) |. c! T+ a2 g$ m7 Z0 e4 }1 jspecific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
( o& g7 K- U, i: n1 b# kSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
, y1 X% K; c, z2 Bmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
9 S& L2 z9 q& X- n$ [to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
' _+ @7 U1 P6 ^5 H- o7 Tevaluation of all proposed substitute items.2 _: Y+ _* l  K! p! I  I6 }4 S
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
% H( x, A6 j2 k, _! W; rA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
1 d" @' s: s6 JB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings
5 u$ r  G- R3 `% b( ]* S& \8 iand all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its
1 Z9 i1 A& ]2 y$ Hcontents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from
; }6 @& S1 \/ ^3 r, _( D4 \( j* D5 Nthe reviewed hardware list.) a, V, r1 }) O% _% ?, \9 E
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER  y8 W6 r9 D+ W
to prevent loss or damage until installation.- k8 z9 M5 _7 Y2 s; U
" I1 b& K# O+ J0 t
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS/ ~) v. T/ K- j4 U1 i' B
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2.1 GENERAL
* M" C2 [+ c8 V. e3 A$ U6 YA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of
( H- h" ]; z; Y0 \: Lindicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and
" o- r3 e0 X1 D/ r- ]# h! rfunctional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
3 S* B, i+ i& v1 n, {fully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
5 {) O) C4 r+ T2 M- qB. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for6 Q- J" g6 m' ~& o- f
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.* Z' H' u# _* l2 p
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require- ?0 ]$ u9 [/ a3 w" H
submittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be! |1 `& t7 I' n) m- a& {
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in
1 n" `+ j/ \% v: Q% T. Dconformance with specified requirements." G8 \9 a9 j0 n3 I6 h& B* z
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
7 \+ n! B- k6 q: L1 N7 ]completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.& o1 d) b; c' i# j& I+ Z. v' U  @

- F1 X, ]2 k% ~( g$ j" O2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
/ u/ K1 G, N2 g1 A  ?0 L2 i0 [3 F; e8 XA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
6 N0 d7 Y9 n  S5 A( D8 O. \mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
4 E, Z5 h3 \: y+ I8 W. AB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and2 q! A+ z( r- v2 K& e2 q. r
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
) W, c/ \. \6 k( q& I8 A+ G' {C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.
! A4 o) s+ _3 {! |Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.! {& ?& X" n& m
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
* k- }. ?' y  ]& Vshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.
0 N; @9 y9 X+ x9 A# e9 BE. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,( O* ?# R) _6 n& q" p! x
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
+ y5 v, \6 c8 o  F# M9 q# E! `with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
+ @, z) G: P4 p) R0 D( GF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a" q5 a) z& p  d9 p+ b) z! q
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in6 n5 d' H* u0 F5 Y
hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.8 q# B8 \/ u# f" W+ I
G. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
/ X6 l$ M5 q! B1 s; B  Fdoors.; T% z& ~  n, S, P2 r2 t
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
! o9 v5 L* z7 j! T% E180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.
3 ?; T; j% g- `7 i6 P# p1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.+ V9 |( Q% w1 I' W0 w( F9 z
2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings./ C) Q3 ^8 Q! j* W
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.: i3 ?4 ^& M" O% x
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary
* c( d6 i: {2 a! ^) \construction keys for door locks during the construction period.7 t4 v2 P: g. `2 u: L/ Z
J. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-3 f, }- ?9 S3 \2 \; L4 W
inches high x door width less 1-inch.) [" F5 F1 h! a7 K2 b% o
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
1 h( Q. Y0 u" W3 k" o  y; E2 f% x; x1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
9 G$ v0 r( r1 P/ w( K/ c8 T1 ^L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control0 H( N1 L+ N! e9 I8 e
knob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)0 [! |% j) d, W5 V* P  n
Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal0 s( d0 y4 ]. Y9 I& r; I% Q1 q
doors.
: v* a5 i; p! A5 h: h! B: Z4 Z
" r' R" O% y! V% x$ r2.3 FINISHES* t( c/ J( M/ v+ t
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
3 X" I1 L- {% WManufacturer's Association".
9 x  u9 s2 ~* y& a$ b1. 600 - Prime Coat
+ s( y5 V  I- o2. 626 - Dull Chromium2 q; C" N( j- c
3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel- z( F9 j/ w( e7 f) `
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
$ P; E+ p) C8 ]B. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.6 J) A  [: K& O
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish./ ?, z0 |8 P7 Z
D. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish' H1 L- @( Y! M% h7 ?+ p  H
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
- D1 u3 N- W' m( I  G0 O4 nF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.
  N, l. F: x  R% S: ^4 x% G& iG. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
! O- S- U1 S4 @* `8 {
, ~# v9 c; P: T' d# _. F; m2.4 KEYING
- v( ]# g9 {. _" h' G# AA. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be! }+ M* r' g# u) _0 ]' w
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the9 m: Y5 p( k/ v) Z! @2 ^; g
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
8 C8 L/ @$ {. W: B( \, Pdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
! F) w! r7 m' }( n! j3 C3 u7 G) Rhands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
* {. T& z. I8 o1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond! i6 c0 j6 s  k; ^6 }
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
) U, Y" M5 d6 W, H$ R- ^B. Keys:
  X8 l+ ^* u. F) ~3 N: h& c3 \' Z1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side# D- V) D: }( j; U' s/ V0 m
"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".
+ E! ?  y( x! [$ E% {4 K2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
. a/ H. v- f3 E. M' \different locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys./ b8 P3 e3 v. B6 s. U
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via
: ^5 ]' L; U6 V" jRegistered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and
# h1 n, W' g& O) U9 {identified by door locations.
% L% o, f2 y  N2 h5 K4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,( V4 Y5 f4 z# b. |& X* |! o) z  e
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
, P3 _/ H& c7 |* Ccylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.) B/ N" H4 [+ M' P

/ M4 T) k- B) I2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
: P' s! r8 a% g  w  WA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
9 W( z: G2 d  ifollowing hardware or their equal:6 K9 G$ }& l4 p* o
$#
3 t' [; J4 w. I. b3 X) @, O+ uNTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware. U5 W+ c2 k5 v* v
applicable to this project.8 y4 D4 d, P7 ~; o) ~
#$
4 f% |( G* Z, Z/ d: E
+ r+ w% e% X+ y) \7 s2.6 TEMPLATES
& v' [% ?5 W/ ]; h* a+ `A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or$ o/ m* W9 C$ @: X; O
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.. D# A, N. L  W$ W

, p) e/ ?% z' r: b1 cPART 3 -- EXECUTION; V  z5 l* H; S2 l3 i9 A4 x. \5 W
/ x1 o- N* v/ c* q! _
3.1 GENERAL3 u, v- k5 F* J& K- l7 E
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
/ x" a+ }; f; K; r0 v! a0 Ccylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.
# H$ B+ g+ Y# x$ k3 u0 cB. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
: D; ~8 e* G! E3 P' ~shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that- f& w7 \5 g$ r  B
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.2 V. S- ^0 ~2 ]7 U, P+ J; {; ~
C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall. s9 e6 u9 h5 e3 D# ?2 h" H
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.
9 O% [9 }# c3 e, k% w4 qD. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other6 u! S6 e) f3 e; Z
soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
( Q2 C7 T* Y8 a) B/ rother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and0 `/ @8 `8 k; R( j$ y+ _' {; D
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
9 z# g( `& C7 F9 S1 A' g7 y6 _: B6 c# O) ]
3.2 INSTALLATION! d1 z4 N5 d! H: \
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
% x) U6 b: Y8 m) b/ A2 qB. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
: Z$ S7 x4 {3 Zproper operation.( D: i/ R: D' y2 k, j$ V% f
C. Make work neat and secure.
8 q% C* [$ S; J9 n" w& RD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware, n8 ~5 ^0 e5 J- E* ]* L: V
installation.
$ ]3 c% [! ?4 @6 N+ d9 RE. Latchbolts:: p9 W# F; C; \" Z3 P2 G# w# E0 s
1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.& p: J% e3 T; m* W
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.( I  Q$ r1 g9 ]: N
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.! Q$ \9 b# m7 G
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.( T3 Z2 n9 E/ B' f5 ~9 c
H. Thresholds:7 E7 f2 ]3 n* H- r
1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
1 }- U# c, f+ X+ [- z# ~: G2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
: j( H" `6 v" W! E4 f" M7 [) yI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.* D/ w) S8 M# b9 c! y1 w
J. Replace damaged hardware items.2 r$ a' C4 [! a, t
9 r) q% M5 [! U, O% Y4 B1 ^( q( l
3.3 PROTECTION) r9 f/ }5 B" s( P
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial1 x+ E3 ]4 p3 ]
completion.
  r9 U' |& I% n) \3 H' r3 J% }" yB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
0 N1 ]1 a' s5 K  j3 WC. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
/ ^7 x/ ^8 X3 V; D$ s# T( k* l  arecommendations.
" e; [( e% W! [$ Y* sD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
8 v$ @( r6 _! s) B* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
1 ^+ r8 w& r& K$ _* A主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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