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[讨论] 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?

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发表于 2008-3-14 07:56:30 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式 来自: 加拿大

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有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?8 F; h8 `; w! a1 n4 [4 d! j( D  q

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' S7 c; }. o: {据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。" f9 V4 I8 r, D( I' w( R: P
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( K5 A6 l% e: ]* f9 A# @0 n; @  ?
此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。# }+ J$ ?4 K$ y

0 i7 f; l5 d& g5 b( N- n[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-15 09:06:21 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)

M-421 Part Layout.PDF

456.47 KB, 下载次数: 5

发表于 2008-3-16 10:43:42 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南安阳
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 10:53:18 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification

多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。
5 m0 [$ \$ [% b
7 a0 h8 ~, x2 I7 x7 m: O工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification

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 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 11:02:32 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif  M2 k& s1 c$ f
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。

% `8 t  {/ s% ^, D8 h- z7 v( C国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
发表于 2008-3-16 19:38:22 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。4 T9 c$ j# R( i4 b
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。
1 W% J. k0 Q- \9 G1 Y  @9 H- B% }+ X6 \$ [/ A" L
具体内容可以参考下面的网页:/ y& R4 Y( ~. i8 M. @) f; C' u' Y& g' H
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-16 20:32:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
发表于 2008-3-16 21:01:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国河南洛阳
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。0 d- K9 B" G7 V

) o. T. d) {& Q1 T# {工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。
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0 M/ `/ s; c/ m, }2 V[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-18 07:40:50 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录 15000.tableofcontents.pdf (10.72 KB, 下载次数: 2)
发表于 2008-3-18 10:54:37 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国北京
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
1 h& L# G1 Z1 a% n# r# g5 {  V经常见到的文件有以下几种:
9 I& A+ v  v* B1 y0 [4 @5 ~" fspecification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......
$ j, S, e7 b8 D: J3 ?那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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4 X2 E9 @# l3 |下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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INDEX
6 n3 a# w6 N& E9 v5 W1.0 SCOPE.
: R7 B# {9 N; `, H0 o! A1.1 General.
0 Q! p: h. Q9 @1.2 Definitions. / E+ ?" U2 \) C0 ~  l. d7 r0 M2 ~* P
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. , I  D" u. d+ q' E1 z- q
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
) H3 l" i" C% a! N* g0 U3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. , Q3 B) m# c* z4 p# g% J% v: @
4.0 BASIC DATA..
* O4 \2 V# T$ F- h7 M% o% l4.1 Design Life. & K5 X3 Z2 x/ ?: S
4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential.
; a' a2 I. M9 d+ d- J* K4.3 Protection Current Density..
3 Z0 J. J# Q* G% |( ^; u0 n% L4.4 Energy.. : t% l/ z7 l/ f- U; q% k; D
4.5 Test Posts. - t1 I9 J% M4 P9 n5 J! b" R) k! Q
4.6 Insulating Joint..
$ W. h* n% x% u4 a4 l4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
2 G- b8 U- ~" f4 |3 I  `) I4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. 3 E. Z) R  y& i1 s
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
3 X7 ]. k9 A7 o% N& c0 D5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection..
6 U1 f/ `$ I/ M, `' g2 Q1 J1 `5.2 Transformer Rectifier.. / u" a6 E& y' v+ {  i( G6 \
5.3 Anodes.
1 R; ^: \( \% v& @% l3 K9 @5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
% v3 w. ~$ `8 N; _; v8 x8 C7 h5.5 Anode Junction Box..
: c# x: C: F$ @# P3 P5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.
' b$ D, D3 L& t7 ]; J5.7 Cables. 3 \8 T% U+ @. l
5.8 Permanent Reference Cell. . e3 g( t4 M8 x* _3 |) W( F
5.9 Groundbed..
4 t5 Z, ^: a" g( y2 S+ T/ g5 q5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
6 e8 L% x8 W! B/ @6 B, `, l5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
" n3 L- Y$ Z- F% _& {5 U6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM...
$ Y0 d; a) {0 F$ g' r5 d0 x' y7.0 INSTALLATION.. # \" |: \+ e# E$ W" ?. Y
8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
; n1 X+ c+ c1 N5 [1 y' H8 M: S9 z9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE.
4 M: m. u) _, ]5 a* M, \10.0 SPARE PARTS. 1 k) H. r) T+ q+ D2 Z/ s

; o; r/ V9 }/ {& j# ~3 A[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:29:15 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大

Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1

[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD$ h4 d: T' [/ i9 U: Q- c7 y0 E
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
9 J5 Z9 I. X/ i- E8 g' ~* }( |) kSECTION 08710
3 a0 l8 f* F, `0 H+ N$ }0 b4 aFINISH HARDWARE
3 @% F1 a7 K  r( s8 q8 B$#
! o8 C) ~$ q9 Z/ b2 D* ]1 ANTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier2 R, T: a2 ]- q* ~1 R" z
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.) [( W- z5 ?6 j+ z0 T
Brackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.5 G- U" M+ g' {- u6 B* `
NTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.6 u# S$ T4 W! i& `* M
#$
, ^+ N4 c% {( `+ W7 QPART 1 -- GENERAL
% L: b: X# J! |, M2 q/ v( p- e2 Y" E4 p* N1 u' h
1.1 THE REQUIREMENT
6 D! x3 c% d( E/ b: tA. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,/ s2 [; o0 G0 ^' z# h1 U% U, P
and shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated0 u" S! C2 ?4 p8 g' S3 Y) K( ^* f
on the Drawings and specified herein.+ }4 u" p% N2 D1 p- ?
- ~/ D8 i, i( M1 ?
1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
  D9 i- l; S* J  wA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates., g6 g" u3 F8 F) G$ L2 b. q' M! G
B. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork.
. y/ {* q. E4 ]  d! wC. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.
" p0 ]( U5 p& \! I4 g& ?D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.
5 C' ?8 k1 ^0 x4 uE. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.% C$ R, c' d1 d! c
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.5 @, r3 h, b3 u0 B: j% y3 b( \
G. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
. V+ \/ L9 s3 OH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS9 |( a% M0 e1 d7 P
A. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
$ v. G% X' z+ g/ N; ^) CB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.# `- ^- t' y' r& ?7 d
1. Commercial Standards:
4 w1 [$ a/ K- R% H/ }Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.4 A9 C9 w! u# {% j" u
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware5 `  L# [' N2 b  P/ }
Schedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware2 K! J& q7 H$ X$ M8 s" ]. a; U
Scheduling and Format.
4 ~8 j/ B3 \) x, x1 J8 FBHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
3 m( X. Z- z2 S% E# F. `2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware% V/ `8 e) s- E
and its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published
. t+ p( Q* z3 L9 @$ _* arecommendations and specifications.
/ X' Y$ D  C1 w$ H* {6 N4 l
! R' d4 P; A6 }7 ]- M* h( j+ q: A1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS, S/ }0 A+ T8 p3 C; n6 X% e
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
( I. J6 m; k5 |- \; t) I: bB. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
  O  B) C7 N4 ~+ z5 G( @/ Q: A1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
6 i9 o$ m( c/ yhardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.
. t! H4 S4 H, k( L4 P2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed
! `2 I: Y; [" I5 l' [- Xhardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.: \$ m5 P' M+ f: m/ P
No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the/ D  W+ T; Q! K0 {( N
ENGINEER.
7 S: c. z8 t' Z% d0 R3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series
- T  r' \8 J0 R, ~* C3 p: Hnumbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,1 p3 R# D% j" [
and holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
, n+ v! a8 B, x0 H& jall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
; ?7 Y( y! o7 H0 j6 A4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,
- u; U8 Z0 |9 C; S0 y' s6 K8 o# Dand finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural9 e9 a! e& N# T% [5 L: E
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".2 ~6 c9 Y7 E* l
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and. Z* B$ E0 k3 z; i/ {0 Y
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
4 j6 G+ b7 F& g; v6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.
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1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE" E. h+ l- M7 {$ U
A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of/ Z& o2 R, N+ D. [# H
indicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the
% {; d3 I9 W+ \specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.+ f  x: g1 T, K  g5 k8 r8 F
Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be( `& E$ b$ S: U! D4 _4 `
made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility. m5 E! M0 n4 o/ a) H0 E+ p
to supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
7 e" i  Z% u+ _evaluation of all proposed substitute items.
$ V1 k+ j0 H* \" S* e' ?9 O1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1 M" k$ q6 ^1 SA. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.- Z* y8 E% |- o& p0 y/ n
B. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings% p: R* k, g7 B+ B. Z
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its# r( t( N- ]* c. F/ ?# u
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from+ k- r% E0 K' G8 k! i2 D) P
the reviewed hardware list.
7 Z! y' `( ]3 tC. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER5 ~+ `# [8 }) p* L
to prevent loss or damage until installation.& K8 j% S9 F, u2 q( K: s9 M
1 b* o0 Q; p7 }  I+ @
[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:34:28 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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2.1 GENERAL
! }& ?' d2 N' A: F/ S; x7 V0 ^A. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of& d* l- T6 L1 @: `
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and) o* r7 d7 ^! @% _2 c# s% ?* i
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
' V9 |0 u$ p  V4 w0 o, Ifully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER./ N% U( n6 u* H( k" I! r+ u0 K
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for$ B; b+ X. @; U) s
appearance, maintenance, and replacement.# @1 @5 C, X0 r. L9 m6 p
C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
# e+ C& C  M9 x5 M! Y7 i( esubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be) a  f9 t3 B( U) X& D. }' G4 m7 S
returned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in: c! `" }5 C% u! ]) q$ e
conformance with specified requirements.: {* o2 W- y1 s3 _2 r$ _' }: A( e
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,0 m; `3 B8 k5 M# l! `6 ?9 b
completeness, and conformance to the Specifications.
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2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
, M0 @+ {# P/ E' u& sA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
1 w" J  m6 X8 U* p9 ~mechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors.
7 P3 q7 n! o: b( X' |; y; [* I, WB. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and
3 x; g; K; e  ?& W' Y6 B( vcomponent parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer., s% N* j) H% o8 U: D; e9 ?3 a' h
C. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.9 D" a/ y- i! Q0 R) e9 m
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.) y* L: o3 i7 ]2 k
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,- |, w8 W$ z/ l0 A6 [1 v- k
shall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.9 a' E5 q8 o) k" [
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,$ t! U5 J5 ?3 j2 i/ v
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type6 b6 l9 L% G- Z+ `1 k* g
with 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
5 m; D* E* W  P7 YF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a+ l; G, O% N% j7 P
door hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
  T; _8 u( c1 [hardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
4 T2 s( m7 f2 N8 GG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of
  P" l0 A, }) q  X# r( Wdoors.
# K: H3 k  |; {+ A; G3 O4 O9 _H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to3 R" s: x, F: G# z; l
180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.9 G3 @, z: _4 v  j4 k+ p# s
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
, ]$ S5 K/ k, F: ^2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.
+ I7 E, z/ t' {7 W. {3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.
' }8 y; x4 j- e4 uI. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary& F9 i5 K- D6 ~+ G( s
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
( h3 W) I3 |6 O+ A& g3 n) w- qJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-8 T4 U6 T3 C7 \! x
inches high x door width less 1-inch.
3 l( S6 p" ~- {1 F% e' j  [K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-
+ P) \; T. Z2 V3 u; c$ V2 q5 m1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.3 ?+ t' V, W' o1 T9 K2 F8 Q  ?7 @
L. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
/ u2 w. C/ R! B. F8 b2 `/ o% E. Rknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
0 X" I; Q9 V5 |& {0 L5 m3 }Listed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal$ f) L+ t0 U& \
doors.
9 F+ \# M: d2 A% m' u2 D' ]$ h5 \$ |9 r7 T7 b& Q
2.3 FINISHES9 Y/ Y! X6 ], o3 S5 M# T1 M! r
A. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware4 G+ a8 r6 o5 A3 R
Manufacturer's Association".
. K$ a4 s% A) C/ c' t1. 600 - Prime Coat
' h' x5 P* Y/ B& Q2. 626 - Dull Chromium
( T  r: P5 O, F" \" {( h: R+ C# S3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel" X; m) o; T' r
4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
0 r2 b0 C* I9 f% B9 L! Y$ q" {% SB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.4 q. w2 V- Y2 w% |1 y- B
C. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
1 o+ y' A, J5 G, i/ M5 I# Z! BD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish/ ]$ H5 ?; p; q3 P2 g$ Y3 s# ^
E. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.+ B: o1 a4 {6 k& a' O
F. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.: D; G! E' a, S+ K
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.) u% Q: a" Z- `
0 q$ f3 |4 D7 }; }6 u( Y
2.4 KEYING# o! C5 V2 N+ f4 K. J2 D4 n
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be# _& q3 L  d) }* l
determined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the. _) O- `& V8 m6 Q6 s; Q
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective1 J* V7 C: k" L. u' J/ m' T( f
doors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the
5 s% d  M9 P$ I: ?2 |  O- mhands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.
5 p9 h' i1 j+ P9 f+ c6 X4 b1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond+ [2 ?0 ?# ]' _2 ?. R* u0 K
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
) I0 w3 F5 I/ Q1 [3 Y' {0 \* AB. Keys:
' [5 F, P# J* o0 Q1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
% e/ f! d7 u* M+ x' g, e6 H# p"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE"., j: n# S5 ]; y/ L8 H/ k
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
1 `; j5 ^. o7 S$ kdifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.' Z- V! c& v/ _
3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via% z. r. \. T) ?- W
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and5 y! k. \% E4 t) j$ I
identified by door locations.0 z# o1 r3 l0 L9 @% p# }* b
4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,% t+ U: N$ u( F! \( x% [5 Y) w3 B  O
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock( _; G1 m9 j" ?9 m2 ?6 P
cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
' ]4 h9 n9 l- B& S. f/ @0 N* a0 Y0 t( W2 o
2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
5 H8 w7 m1 ?5 w; t- ^  BA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the+ ^3 a7 O$ b$ |/ h- _5 |) _/ r
following hardware or their equal:0 U0 F& t3 B, B( a
$#& U4 S8 ~2 S* r0 c. J
NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware' A  a% S( C' Q- P
applicable to this project.
# U0 `, C1 o$ |3 O. |#$
9 @9 W& N. _# f8 e* [8 ~8 ~' d# t% r" [) J% S/ k8 w& ^( [8 o9 F/ h
2.6 TEMPLATES
! |% U2 H2 F" {A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or3 L% K6 T2 M! Y" O: c& T3 L
physical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.
+ R- S4 j& G/ a; ~) k, h9 M1 V# O
PART 3 -- EXECUTION
6 z8 F# w8 |% P# p7 m5 }! |) t  \  y  P" }4 E: J
3.1 GENERAL" H, ^- u$ Q' w' z5 b3 M5 n
A. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
! p" D3 h% \4 n8 ?2 Zcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project.# J0 h0 x. X3 v( C2 p! z, f
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR
4 m; w, _5 Z7 z4 e. U* hshall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that% O. f1 y+ |5 O" J7 w
doors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
2 H' m0 l, d0 M1 z! @- t" }C. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall
" {, i" ]' ]1 Rreplace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.0 u3 Q  K. k- u4 J# c& p
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
4 i0 A  x: I) f! X  \  o1 Csoiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and
7 o0 J& A0 x6 h7 Q4 n  b& `8 C) Eother debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and
7 f* F" O7 U& F  g" E6 d, p, Aacceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
- y; q( M( K# C5 |; L5 g, m* o5 J6 \5 n+ V( h" o5 R& O- o3 v) `
3.2 INSTALLATION# U- j+ |3 s, t3 o7 q/ d( r
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.# ~% Y8 N! {: w2 F
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for; A: S) o0 w& C7 ~
proper operation.9 s7 e8 D* {5 U1 [( O5 {) ?! I
C. Make work neat and secure.
; _7 Y2 d3 Q5 MD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
: P7 C6 ?, o5 W" |' x2 Ninstallation.
4 b7 Z# \5 ?) h, g; hE. Latchbolts:
+ ?/ |1 w0 }; X6 p3 j% c  S, k0 I* m1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.
1 O7 o/ |" y) h$ Q' Y8 r2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.7 u8 w$ e' P1 @0 a* B
F. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.
4 `7 @! o; `- I! B+ W. |- G. T6 n1 JG. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.% {$ Z* ~3 @; @8 z" U7 L3 v. ?
H. Thresholds:
4 x) Z; |+ o8 p5 _" G. F1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
' E$ g( {- b4 t, }2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
$ F7 {, p* J  R) r9 sI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
0 [' s  N- f6 H2 h: @J. Replace damaged hardware items.
3 |% G' ]# A7 x8 h- n2 ?0 I
5 W: @3 D; @' t0 C! y0 }3 V3 t3.3 PROTECTION2 h. M$ o- t8 B# s$ j8 \
A. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
5 |' h" `0 \1 v1 l( scompletion.
$ f2 d- z( C& l3 R! \( w- CB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.! s1 a" F. o& r4 j: ?9 P
C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's1 [. q& ^: Q: Z$ n5 V
recommendations.$ F% e7 Q- R0 _. ~' b$ x+ b
D. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.4 I- g4 I9 {+ d" X4 q2 ~) R. \
* * * * * *
 楼主| 发表于 2008-3-19 07:47:09 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 加拿大
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
发表于 2008-4-3 10:59:05 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
发表于 2009-5-9 13:19:01 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国广东广州
又长见识了
发表于 2009-5-9 17:43:48 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国重庆
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
发表于 2009-5-16 20:13:58 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 越南
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
发表于 2014-6-20 18:44:11 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国浙江宁波
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
发表于 2022-6-17 09:12:52 | 显示全部楼层 来自: 中国福建宁德
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,
/ g* ?* V$ j, l8 D主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等
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