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标题: 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同? [打印本页]

作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-14 07:56
标题: 在国外搞建筑工程设计,哪些东西与国内不同?
有朋友想了解国外是怎么搞建筑工程设计的吗?
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据本人观察,国内的设计院一般专业设置齐全,一个项目不出大门就能搞定。在国外一个专业,最多两个专业就是一个公司,一个项目要n个公司协作才能完成。边规划边协调,边协调边设计,边设计边施工,边施工边修改,边修改边调试,边调试边培训,边培训边验收。混乱但有秩序,低效但保质量。所以就造成了国外的图纸画的很好看,内容好像很多,但就我们关心焦点尺寸,少之又少。等到最后施工,这些东西都快协调800遍了,由施工人员"打哪指哪",哪里还有什么错、漏、碰、缺呀。大家可能注意到了,国外的图纸上有五花八门的声明,其目的就是尽量少负法律责任。要是真有脱不了干系的责任,就把板子打在那个在图纸上盖章的“注册工程师”身上,所以对于设计责任他最上心,不用三级校审也行。
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此贴抛砖引玉,以共享外国,外企网友的经验,为我国的工程建设领域借鉴。
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$ o$ X5 V. L  ], Q[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-14 08:11 编辑 ]
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-15 09:06
贴一张图请大家看看(通风)
作者: wanyeqing2003    时间: 2008-3-16 10:43
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-16 10:53
标题: 比图纸还重要的设计文件 - Specification
多年以前,我们设计院接了个境外项目,当时北京的寰球在国际工程领域名气较大,所以我们就到他们那里取经。因为我国的大型化工装置均为进口,寰球的前身就是化工部第一设计院,他们在对外交往中比大多数设计院先行一步。他们告诉我们,设计文件除了图纸外,还有一个重要文件就是设备规格书,我们院给了它起了另外一个名子“工程规定”。化工装置的设备规格书好理解,建筑工程的规格书当时还真不知道是什么。最终费尽九牛二虎之力,闭门造车还是给写出了一个,好在那个项目后来黄了,否则丑就出大了。# K) W+ Q3 i% a3 V$ {  ~

$ r, b9 e) C$ k  M7 B+ [6 s工程规定是何物?原来它在国外叫Specification,是由专门的组织编写的,然后以政府级高度被采用,内容涉及对工程所有环节的详细要求,远非一个设计院的能力所能及。这个指导性文件,基本上是检验教训和打官司打出的产物,有了这个东西作为工程的指导,即使设计人员自己本身经验不丰富,工程质量也不大会有大问题,参与各方也不会有大纠纷。我国的那种行业的“施工及验收规范”还是比不上这个Specification
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-16 11:02
原帖由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-16 10:43 发表 http://www.3dportal.cn/discuz/images/common/back.gif5 {- f" _- c, E5 n( o* n$ s/ J
国外也有总包与分包的关系吧。如果自己协调各分包商的关系是比较麻烦。
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国外的分包商多如牛毛,协调是个大问题,文件中出现最多的词就是coordination。上贴所说的Specification就有很多协调方面的要求,设计人员也有这方面的职责。
作者: wanyeqing2003    时间: 2008-3-16 19:38
国际上有专门承包合同,规定了承包方的各种职责,权利和义务。# d* m1 P2 V& E& }1 V7 c4 D/ Q- m
我们业主和承包方往往不了解其中的内容,所以比较费劲。; a( ~$ ]0 _9 i  a3 s8 y
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具体内容可以参考下面的网页:( v; _: p3 ]8 c: {$ [+ ]! W  k, }
http://www.tb-lawyer.com/Article_Special.asp?SpecialID=1
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-16 20:32
FIDIC太庞大了,美国,加拿大的MasterFormat被广泛采用于日常的建筑工程当中,各设计单位还要根据工程的具体情况作补充修改,作为设计文件与图纸一起发布。在施工之前设计人员还要根据specification的要求,审核施工承包商,或设备材料供货商所提供的解决方案是否合理,设备材料是否符合要求的等等,承包商的偷工减料在这个环节中被杜绝。
作者: wanyeqing2003    时间: 2008-3-16 21:01
有了FIDIC合同,还需要有这方面知识的人员来执行。' \( z5 {' p- N3 P( w
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工程中除了甲方代表外,还有监理可以协助开展工作。9 k& w9 {; w5 h% Q
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[ 本帖最后由 wanyeqing2003 于 2008-3-18 07:58 编辑 ]
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-18 07:40
以下是一个实际工程的spec. (建筑设备)内容目录[attach]780713[/attach]
作者: zxs1221    时间: 2008-3-18 10:54
呵呵~~国际项目确实不一样!
% T- U% E; L# A; `. W2 P5 o经常见到的文件有以下几种:/ u2 I0 ~, o* S( X& ?
specification(说明书),calculation (计算书),MATERIAL REQUISITION,datasheet,Technical Enquiry,MATERIAL TAKE-OFF......7 L% \0 j: ^1 e
那个specification最难弄,把各方面都必须写得很清楚,每句话最好都要按照标准里要求那样写!其他的文件都好说!
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2 g' i, V: E/ Z2 c下面给大家一个阴极保护方面的specification的目录看看!
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% \, X* y- i3 I6 q9 i4 c) XINDEX
. H6 {# T: k. x6 G! V+ I1.0 SCOPE. & b: c& M; ^/ G; h+ @: h
1.1 General. ! N& k6 t! U3 X4 v
1.2 Definitions. 0 u' C% y3 v, O; ]2 A7 x2 C4 z
2.0 CODES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS. 1 i5 _' D' _% \6 ]; g4 m, ~
2.1Codes, Regulations and Standards.
2 n( z, F* Y( m  \) I$ h4 ~3.0 CLIMATIC CONDITIONS.
: d* Y) T- G' p1 i4 `6 ^. [, l4 R4.0 BASIC DATA.. 1 T9 {/ g* v( ]8 |
4.1 Design Life.
+ P3 a5 Q$ X5 _, F* f- T4.2 Cathodic Protection Potential. 0 Y2 l" y0 z3 \8 T, J) U" L
4.3 Protection Current Density..
5 G0 l9 u3 l: q- A  |" O3 }/ v4.4 Energy..
/ h5 ?$ w* g4 r8 T4.5 Test Posts.
7 ~+ A6 ^6 \* H- r+ q& U- f5 q1 k4.6 Insulating Joint.. 8 \1 |+ ~/ m- N# R' A
4.7 Effect of Electric Line.
  U. |# P% v$ L2 F4 G4.8 TemporaryCathodic Protection.. ' s8 C1 |* w* k) Q
5.0 DESIGN CRITERIA..
# \: k& [8 W' @" A$ ]5 V/ o' n5.1 Mode of Cathodic Protection.. 2 m5 V9 n8 f8 X( i' T7 P6 Y. }
5.2 Transformer Rectifier..
! ^" y; f2 y% A5.3 Anodes. # k/ K0 a% M; Y
5.4 Carbonaceous Backfill.
- X! q& q6 J/ x8 i! l/ N: O3 V5.5 Anode Junction Box.. + c4 j- T  V6 `" x/ Z( T
5.6 Test Post and Permanent Reference Electrodes.   i: R+ v$ |' {! n- }* Q5 ~
5.7 Cables.
" D$ U' K! \) ]3 v" A; A$ K; s$ l1 E, Q5.8 Permanent Reference Cell.
  u- e" |  `/ M: d5.9 Groundbed..
0 v6 p# M7 \% `5.10 Pipeline GroundingSystem...
3 ^% n3 S  H( ~( S5.11 Casing Pipe Cathodic Protection System...
8 @# V! N6 e6 o6.0 TEST OF CORROSION PROTECTION SYSTEM... ( ^' {" Z! }& ^. t# w
7.0 INSTALLATION..
/ Q6 g* ~  Y7 d' H0 S& L1 k# ~8.0 COMMISSIONING TESTS.
3 h; s5 g) |6 s+ X9.0 OPERATION & MAINTENANCE. * m% {6 i6 V& x+ ?) M5 I  O
10.0 SPARE PARTS. 1 ]! p2 Q, x* V: O

# y  z* k, Z& t[ 本帖最后由 zxs1221 于 2008-3-18 10:59 编辑 ]
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-19 07:29
标题: Specification -- 内墙的施工,供货,和提交的文件要求-1
[WASTEWATER MASTER SPECIFICATION] FINISH HARDWARD# R3 l: p; m  x7 M& C
[PROJECT TITLE] 08710-1
# [( ^3 B- ^8 K2 ]SECTION 08710+ l$ u$ O) Z" k: X; K1 B
FINISH HARDWARE
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( f9 c* a/ C5 G9 B. NNTS: This specification section requires careful review by the specifier. The specifier" _$ j) F6 q. {6 @. g- u
is required to modify the section according to the requirements of the project.
% H* w8 ^" j$ QBrackets indicate items to be checked, completed, edited, selected, or filled in.
! S/ x  e: r# `8 l; D: kNTS notations and brackets should be removed in the final printing.
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PART 1 -- GENERAL0 o" Q; S+ X: _5 b, F
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1.1 THE REQUIREMENT& C( e4 v% \' X& f0 O( O
A. The Contractor shall furnish all tools, equipment, materials, supplies and manufactured items,
, Q7 k  J$ c. S7 Y1 \5 s! f. c, Land shall perform all labor required to furnish and install, complete, finish hardware as indicated
1 m; a; u. u( f5 b+ k- l$ ~+ ^on the Drawings and specified herein.! f+ L- c2 }: j# L/ ~  J: K) o' L

1 N6 @* R- z. }) p1 m; Y1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE
& [+ v8 f/ u7 V$ uA. Section [02830] Chain Link Fences and Gates.
$ u$ S( r- ?) A; ?% CB. Section [05500] Miscellaneous Metalwork." I4 S% H; `7 w4 x
C. Section [06100] Rough Carpentry.5 e: s" d! e& _( Z# H
D. Section [06200] Finish Carpentry and Millwork.$ ^9 i$ A: R+ s; y2 S
E. Section [08360] Overhead Doors.5 b% I! `% l; p5 C2 H$ ~& R
F. Section [08410] Aluminum Entrance and Storefronts.
) e2 G% Q* p" t; O/ d( ~7 _$ dG. Section [10160] Metal Toilet Partitions.
# m+ W- N* F) n% ~( ~6 wH. Section [10500] Metal Lockers.
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1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS
. u! `5 e$ t' ?6 bA. Comply with the reference specifications of the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
$ d9 H: Y) d0 H" J& NB. Comply with the current provisions of the following Codes and Standards.
1 v" J- c) w; }" L1. Commercial Standards:
  V+ _/ J6 `" Y( p, _# _/ ?Underwriter's Laboratories, Inc. requirements and approvals.( m) G: }6 a/ F) ~4 s$ |6 ~
Hardware Institute (DHI) Recommended Procedure for Processing Hardware
/ E/ d, h3 d: {5 lSchedules and Templates and Architectural Hardware
! ?- M- Q6 Y4 l: ^( e& B; M0 E9 HScheduling and Format.; ^) U5 v  Z, ^+ O
BHMA Builders' Hardware Manufacturers' Association
5 @" Y6 j# Y( ]: Z/ p( B2. Manufacturers' Standards: In addition to the standards listed above, the finish hardware
% h5 \, T% I( \1 t! eand its installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturers' published, Q+ r9 x4 `" I0 s5 W! Q
recommendations and specifications.0 B- l1 u" X) |3 J& L8 o2 m! ]; e
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1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS4 J0 Z6 V4 \. q
A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.
4 K' S$ g  T1 l3 u. {B. The following submittals and specific information shall be provided.
9 a9 F& A' a* `6 q% G: y. W1. Samples: The samples of all items requested by the ENGINEER shall be furnished by the
, ~8 _; l, [$ d# p, t9 j# B5 xhardware supplier no later than [10] days after said request is received.* q# l6 w8 G0 b) c) k& a( z9 H' H
2. Manufacturer's information: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a complete detailed4 Y+ \" [; n' o; N- j
hardware list and a schdule along with manufacturer's literature on each item for approval.
) U/ ~- s& Y# s0 {No hardware shall be delivered until the hardware schedule has been approved by the
$ P9 B" @8 X  D) j: z# PENGINEER.
. \( e' |# t8 B. [' ^3. The hardware schedule submitted by the CONTRACTOR shall list the actual product series* I; N$ \& D! y% X8 v+ V' O
numbers. Manufacturer's catalog requirements for actual size of door closers, brackets,
% k; E" O& b; ~( C- k4 b5 K3 B# hand holders shall be observed. All door sizes shall be noted on the hardware schedule and
1 p4 [) t+ J0 I; X0 o- S/ Iall hardware shall be in strict accordance with height, width, and thickness requirements.
% K/ b* |1 Y- K4 }0 q4. The schedule shall indicate groups, type, manufacturer's name, catalog number, location,3 ^' s/ N$ L; }% d
and finish of each item to be provided, all in accordance with the DHI "Architectural6 L, h* h1 E$ V$ `2 X
Hardware Scheduling Sequence and Format".7 ~) a5 O9 ^+ t2 b! H8 @' `
5. The schedule shall also include a complete template list showing template references and, S3 Q) Q  d8 Z
data for each item requiring preparation of metal doors and frames.
& V# E( e  t: n6. Hardware for aluminum doors may be included in a separate section of the schedule.: U/ i$ N" N/ \2 I2 P" e8 {; x

0 c3 S( M5 S, q2 c1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
* ~) v+ i' j, _- f; ^" Q7 lA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers, and models are given herein for the purpose of
" K' t2 g% e! {# B4 s- oindicating the requirements for the type, general construction, material and operation of the8 S. X7 ?6 @% w2 h+ \' P8 }
specific item, not with the intention of limiting the item to the manufacturer's listed product.
3 Q# Y+ c; J8 s4 GSubstitution of another manufacturer's product that is fully equivalent in all respects may be
/ A& v: T; j1 d7 Zmade subject to the approval of the ENGINEER. It shall be the CONTRACTOR's responsibility
5 w( }. V& R/ N9 S* b+ _* r. u$ jto supply detailed and complete data to the ENGINEER as required to facilitate appropriate
$ ?" a) ^; c, E' ?evaluation of all proposed substitute items.1 t/ F. ?% B$ C- u! q
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING: g3 ]4 q/ s% o% B% ?1 o5 X$ k# k
A. Except where otherwise specified all hardware shall be delivered to the jobsite.
+ U7 Y2 f, R: B- c8 p( N. JB. Each unit of hardware specified herein shall be individually packaged complete with fastenings6 ]6 H/ d( v: S5 M3 u# i% ]# M
and all appurtenances. Each package shall be clearly marked on the outside to indicate its4 D! C, M* Z2 c1 [/ Y: v5 z3 K& M
contents and its specific location in the work, and shall be identified by its related number from, W! L/ O' x4 B1 }+ [
the reviewed hardware list.$ u; f& J: a* q  l3 |! F
C. Contractor shall store hardware in a safe place at the jobsite where directed by the ENGINEER! ?/ Y( x# e, ~
to prevent loss or damage until installation.
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[ 本帖最后由 bafloow 于 2008-3-19 07:30 编辑 ]
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-19 07:34
PART 2 -- PRODUCTS
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8 L6 i. q& L; l9 ^1 u. ]6 Q/ d2.1 GENERAL
3 |' ^  a5 n% }6 |8 D) kA. Manufacturer's product names, numbers and models given herein are for the purpose of8 k1 {( N9 Z/ A2 P
indicating the basic requirements for type, construction, material, operation, durability and8 C. V4 e0 Q1 q+ V0 K0 e
functional adequacy of the specific item. Substitution of another manufacturer's product that is
: G5 K' H$ `+ Y9 U& Y6 [9 ofully equivalent in all respects will be made subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.+ l# n6 Q) ^0 b. v8 x' T
B. Provide end products of one manufacturer for each item in order to achieve standardization for
, B' N$ m5 @, P0 rappearance, maintenance, and replacement.
7 W, T7 i0 k7 A1 u1 ?3 M, ^C. When deemed necessary for product evaluation prior to review, the ENGINEER may require
" l6 y# w& w$ L  t9 Vsubmittal of full size standard production units for inspection and check. Such samples will be
1 ^/ L5 F: Z/ `- i2 d" C' }$ Preturned to the Contractor and may be installed on the project if identified for location in4 w2 S9 ^% E. l) V
conformance with specified requirements.5 Y$ t* @9 y  ^5 E) L
D. Contractor shall check kinds and quantities of hardware products to determine conditions,
5 g) z0 R) A! X3 K( [- ycompleteness, and conformance to the Specifications.
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2.2 PRODUCT TYPES
7 i; {, g' q8 G. S- FA. Locks and Latches: All locks shall be security type with 6-pin cylinders having stainless steel
( }4 ^! @$ a! `9 n- [9 S: pmechanism for all exterior hollow metal doors., t2 E9 t' l, h0 n5 z% f1 _- X- f! n
B. Lock Uniformity: Except as otherwise specified, Contractor shall furnish locksets, cylinders, and4 R5 p" M3 _9 U! F% ?. R
component parts as hereinbefore specified, by one manufacturer.
  Z7 J9 B2 C" D6 e- @6 pC. Lock Strikes: Shall be boxed type with curved tip of sufficient length to protect trim and/or jamb.& O2 F5 [# B+ S% X6 P3 g
Lock strikes shall be delivered to the jobsite with the locksets.: ?9 i4 b' h( p" p# s! `7 F4 B/ M
D. Fasteners: Bolts, screws, fittings, and other fasteners, including soffit plates for door closers,
( O4 j2 I3 H* i1 Zshall be provided for proper and secure attachment with specified hardware.) \9 P7 L4 r& p6 G/ D
E. Door Closers shall be full rack and pinion type with adjustable means of regulating closing speed,' l  v; x8 ?' m2 b
latching speed, back check, and with reduced spring power and shall be regular parallel arm type
# F1 c; h6 o& G' zwith 90 degrees to 180 degrees hold open provisions.
( s( U2 j" D: CF. Door Swings: Door swings indicated on the Contract drawings are standard door swings. If a
# Q2 L. `# i1 F$ r7 g- ndoor hand is changed during Construction the Contractor shall make necessary changes in
; g' T# y) d0 `5 o9 M9 G& d# lhardware at no additional expense to the CITY, subject to the approval of the ENGINEER.
2 H5 m# w4 @. |( ^! X& U7 f/ J$ zG. Silencers shall be provided for all metal door frames; three for single doors, two for pairs of2 e( x# B' k! ?
doors.: L2 g+ N3 J4 m; ~% D
H. Door Butts shall be of proper width to clear trim and other features when door swings to
7 z& X% T6 A8 p: N: f5 H9 F  ]/ S180 degrees and shall have oil-impregnated ball bearings.1 [" p! y+ F4 B* l: n
1. Door 1-3/4-inch thick up to 7-feet 0-inch to have 1-1/2 pair of 4-1/2-inch X 4-1/2-inch butts.
  Q6 G& t7 w0 Z  B2. Exterior doors to have butts with oil-impregnated bearings.6 K' W  |# ^) {) y( a" U, i
3. Provide template hinges for use on metal door frames.* U' t: Z$ @8 O. C
I. Temporary Lock Cylinder: Contractor shall provide temporary lock cylinders with temporary' M1 _  u! B9 J  r, L
construction keys for door locks during the construction period.
( l, g* n7 \1 J3 BJ. Kickplates: 16-gauge stainless steel with edges beveled four (4)sides. Kickplates to be 10-
  B6 G) K* F9 y9 U' Minches high x door width less 1-inch.9 J2 o5 F3 I' ]
K. Lock Astragal: Provide astragal for exterior in swinging 1-3/4-inch metal doors, of 9-3/8-inch x 1-, n$ T( k  v+ M
1/2-inch size with US 10 finish designed to prevent tampering of lock bolts from the exterior.
( [3 K0 t" S8 d, gL. Flush Extension Bolt: Two point concealed automatic type for exit operation only with control
& y3 b& J' I0 pknob located on the inside, provided with top and bottom strikes, Underwriters Laboratories (UL)
" A1 P; w- u: z- p; i3 wListed, bronze components with 626 finish and designed for use on 1-3/4-inch thick hollow metal  x! P5 B- d; O) V
doors.
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" Z* j! K% G( ~9 l. S; g2.3 FINISHES
! V1 t$ ~& l! e* n$ uA. All finishes hereinafter specified are "BHMA" numbers as specified by the "Building Hardware
  G- R& u+ V. \. Y6 |Manufacturer's Association".
. ?# S/ o" K7 l6 ~  J0 m9 T. I4 i1. 600 - Prime Coat
/ S9 ?/ K& |2 R8 `2. 626 - Dull Chromium
2 s7 L% Z/ Q1 `! H3. 629 - Bright Stainless Steel
7 [. x3 g3 e5 w1 e: m" y& O4. 630 - Satin Stainless Steel
$ O: v( r' L. S' aB. All items not specified herein shall have BHMA 630 finish.
0 O: {! Z2 b# \6 Z' [9 B" x2 L! lC. Locksets and Deadlocks shall have BHMA 630 finish.
, p/ u3 ^6 f7 x# n* lD. All hinges to have BHMA 630 finish
; T4 W( J" w0 @9 xE. Kickplates, Push and Pulls to have BHMA 630 finish.
, e7 _' ~4 E6 [6 ]% LF. Closer cover plates to have dull bronze lacquer finish.' F$ w; v1 V  w8 b8 C9 \" m- d
G. Miscellaneous Finishes shall be as specified.
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) u0 t  b- d5 X1 p  X% }2.4 KEYING4 C( S6 {" l6 e  l6 x2 H
A. To ensure full coordination with CITY's keying needs and requirements, all keying will be
9 V# n( z) r( F( Ldetermined after a conference with the ENGINEER, and such keying shall be designated in the. {. d" M  R, R
CONTRACTOR's hardware schedule by appropriate set of numbers opposite the respective
4 D0 m+ s- ~/ H. Jdoors. Keys shall be positively identified for their respective locks and shall be delivered into the% A+ O; {: U. G5 ]3 A2 j5 J' S5 K
hands of the ENGINEER upon completion of the work.; u  E' ]; s2 v0 w# m
1. All locks and cylinders shall be labeled consecutively with the door number to correspond5 L6 ~. G) S2 f8 T0 v1 A0 A- X% y  ^
with change keys. All shipping tags shall be of approximate 2-inch X 3-inch size.
; N1 l8 K% e& E& V: ]. [B. Keys:
3 g' i9 R9 N$ ?" U1. All keys shall be nickel-silver large bow, plain both sides, (6 pin) stamped on one side
0 |4 F- K" p; |"CITY OF LOS ANGELES -DO NOT DUPLICATE".) ~- O; o  d7 s* z; a0 R+ p0 M8 p4 Z! Q
2. CONTRACTOR shall furnish two (2) keys for keyed alike locks; two (2) keys for each keyed
' e8 U- S( c; C( f! Tdifferent locks, and six (6) grandmaster keys.
  X  U$ L; \1 |9 _3. Lock manufacturer shall ship all keys including grandmaster, master, and change keys, via+ b0 ]( Y9 a" F# s" X
Registered Mail directly to the ENGINEER. The keys shall be individually tagged and7 Q/ f, w* i/ _, V+ p+ N
identified by door locations.
9 n* ^8 i; s7 K  a- p4. At the time of change-over from construction lock cylinders to permanent lock cylinders,& T3 ^3 @* C+ w5 W: E/ P3 Z! d' @
the INSPECTOR will check the permanent key operation with the in-place permanent lock
0 o9 `% J, W: T) L  @! }cylinders to assure proper operation of locks and keys.
. v; v* L  R  g- K  c0 @
9 l1 ~  i. A1 [0 b, d1 e9 c2.5 HARDWARE SCHEDULE
/ t2 N. G- q9 FA. The following hardware schedule is intended to represent the hardware required. Provide the
5 \' P0 l* |7 b: u& C; [following hardware or their equal:1 {' |8 R/ }1 y4 }6 @2 I
$#
4 I4 h3 ^0 V! `2 N0 H* [NTS: List quantity, description, manufacturer's detail and finish for hardware
5 N7 i( i1 T" V+ R! ^& A3 `5 \applicable to this project./ X5 ?; e' V/ N( X6 ~* x
#$4 K9 G* j! v# z& h
; @3 H6 s! X" n: P( F% P
2.6 TEMPLATES5 v$ w7 U4 K  |
A. All hardware for metal doors and metal frames shall be fabricated to template. Templates, or
. X2 i- s- |3 y; o" wphysical hardware items, shall be furnished sufficiently in advance to avoid any work delay.$ n6 Q" K" S% Z2 P- t  {
# z+ b* _( {0 z* b# c9 ?
PART 3 -- EXECUTION0 {9 C# n' u6 x! ^9 A! ^
& l; T$ [# R( r4 ]9 G3 N
3.1 GENERAL
- @" l8 {5 U' U! e. d4 xA. During the construction period, the CONTRACTOR shall employ temporary construction lock
) e' r# u" v/ E+ ^9 l. Bcylinders with temporary construction keys on door locks in the project." n6 P4 M" P3 j# ~& b& \
B. Prior to completion of construction, and after final installation of hardware, the CONTRACTOR$ Q1 W: z( `: A: g3 t3 H4 G0 O4 a# A! s
shall demonstrate to the ENGINEER that all items of operable hardware function properly, that
" R- G* x, n% Q/ U  d! R4 J9 adoors swing smoothly, and that keys lock and unlock their respective doors.
. H& O7 z; ?% ~- F9 pC. At the time of completion of the facility, on direction of the ENGINEER, the CONTRACTOR shall1 Z: d$ F/ v/ H) _5 g6 c
replace the construction lock cylinders with the permanent lock cylinders.% o  ]4 j3 n: t8 s0 z0 X0 P
D. The CONTRACTOR, upon completion of the work herein, shall remove all oil, grease, or other
) ~* d. g8 E% U. X: A/ D5 S+ f1 }soiling from exposed surfaces of finish hardware and shall remove all cartons, wrappings, and# Z, _) z+ D! H* c5 }
other debris resulting from the work herein, and shall leave the facility in a neat, clean, and6 ^8 U* N9 V6 o% @4 a( P; E9 S
acceptable condition subject to approval by the ENGINEER.
9 Q+ z1 G3 q$ s) ^/ `( l
: k  x5 @; V. B3.2 INSTALLATION! _2 T9 _3 H2 X6 l6 _4 O5 Y, ]
A. All hardware shall be installed accurately and in accordance with manufacturer's instructions./ R) m$ Y/ ]2 ~1 E/ b
B. Hardware shall be securely tightened to develop full strength of components and provide for
4 ]; G! g; a& O! m# ~proper operation.( t8 H+ [1 ?6 n2 d/ `# O# P0 b
C. Make work neat and secure.
/ H$ R5 N* ~+ GD. Prevent marring, scratching, or otherwise damaging adjacent finishes during hardware
; [% w% N* H$ n* J  [installation.( l- N1 a; x6 c( ?+ W- y
E. Latchbolts:
0 c' K+ F6 V" ?1. Install to engage in strikes automatically, whether activated by closers or manually.+ [' o: E9 q0 Z" W9 ]) u0 y
2. Additional manual pressure shall not be required to engage latchbolt in strike.
( [. ~- d- z2 g1 |! p0 {$ AF. Stops and Holders: Set to allow doors to open as far as possible.6 R! }* Q: s7 A9 t$ U" H8 K. {
G. Wall Mounted Hardware: Install over solid structural backing or solid blocking in hollow walls.3 r; v3 i2 P+ T; N
H. Thresholds:
7 h4 {3 R! @! Z7 J7 z1. Cope ends neatly to profile of jamb.
; ?+ Z. y+ M" i# S; Y" ?$ e2. Set in sealant and seal ends to jambs.
4 v, p$ D, S/ r+ a0 {0 {: MI. Hardware: Adjust for easy, noise-free operation.
1 \. v" f3 r' d( `J. Replace damaged hardware items.
1 a" b) P: R/ F+ m0 B) H$ x
2 C6 i. {' |" J4 F. q3.3 PROTECTION
5 z, S: J$ j. a; F8 s* w# |+ Q/ pA. Cover and protect exposed surfaces of hardware during installation and until substantial
) c, [5 ~; r$ c6 a4 Y5 hcompletion.
) n/ J, h) L0 s( [- U/ d4 i+ XB. Fit, dismantle, and reinstall finish hardware as required for finish painting work.
) a$ b4 ~# p9 {6 s7 w- X' B, \C. Protect and prevent staining of hardware during construction in accordance with manufacturer's
$ N& ?4 N4 x* z7 V4 Erecommendations.
/ n( }* N3 R4 l/ T) a: b/ PD. Remove protective measures on permanent lock cylinders installed prior to final cleaning.
. x* m9 Z+ C+ w  Y! W, |. ~* M* * * * * *
作者: bafloow    时间: 2008-3-19 07:47
其实这都是常识,没有什么难的,确实可以减少好多漏洞,减少业主的风险,但是现行的体制下,工程师这么做了不但不能多挣钱,还赔进去好多时间,所以政府的监管职能应该强制执行,并且提高设计取费。做事情不能只讲少花钱。
作者: zhhb1974    时间: 2008-4-3 10:59
国外设计充分尊重业主的要求。设计人员一般一直呆在工地现场进行协调服务和设计调整,所以前期的工作是框架性的,后期的工作比较多
作者: areyoukidding    时间: 2009-5-9 13:19
又长见识了
作者: 刍狗    时间: 2009-5-9 17:43
看来这国外还挺复杂了。
作者: wzj200506    时间: 2009-5-16 20:13
我在越南搞了一个大型生产线方面的项目,属于交钥匙项目,狗日的越南人搞的图纸花里胡哨的,实际用处太少,n多的工程制图人员,天天就知道开会,一个也不去现场看看,工程进度奇慢,图纸上的问题多多,建议以后有类似的项目最好我们提供全套的图纸,并且要收高价的规划设计费
作者: jindaniel    时间: 2014-6-20 18:44
犀利~学习了,但是比如美国这样的,人家搞软件多,土木最赚钱的就被拿走了
作者: 3088    时间: 2022-6-17 09:12
大体上是一样的吧,都是建筑技术方面的,3 S. V* K: ~4 h8 O
主要不同在于各国的文化、经济、风俗、政治等等




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